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SEYMOUR  DURST 


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Because  it  has  been  said  , 

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Gift  OF  Seymour  B.  DurstOi  n  Yokk  Libr  auy 


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HALL  OF  RECORDS 
HOME  OF  THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE 
ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


THE 

MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE 

ON 

NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


HALL  OF  RECORDS 
CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 
1918 


510.'^ 


Copyright,  19"9.  by 
The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 


/ 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Executive  Committee   ix 

Executive  Staff   xi 

Foreword    xiii 

Special  Committees: 

Army  and  Navy  Forces   i 

Arts  and  Decoration                                    .    .  7 

Associated  Cities   15 

Associated  War  Work   29 

Building  and  Construction   39 

Civic  Finance   45 

Civic  Problems   53 

Commerce   67 

Domestic  Supplies   73 

Entertainment  and  Reception   79 

Labor   85 

Law   93 

Loyalty   loi 

Medical  and  Surgical  Relief   1 1 1 

National  Activities   121 


CONTENTS 


Special  Committees — Continued:  p^g^ 

Nationalism   127 

Organized  Guard   139 

Public  Instruction   145 

Retail  Industries   157 

Risks  and  Insurance   167 

Sanitation   181 

Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense   191 

Trades  and  Manufactures   201 

Transportation   209 

Wholesale  Industries   215 

Finances   226 

Bureaus: 

Draft  Information   229 

Employment   232 

Information   236 

Investigation  and  Intelligence   240 

Publicity   242 

Recruiting   247 

Red  Cross  and  Civic  Aid   254 

Speakers'   258 

Transportation   265 

Volunteer  Service   272 

Members  of  the  General  Committee   275 

Index   321 


PLATES 

Hall  of  Records,  Home  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  on  National  Defense  . 

George  W.  Loft,  Chairman  .    .    .    }  . 

Members  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
4  plates   

Henry  MacDonald,  Director-General  . 

Members  of  the  Executive  Staff,  2  plates  . 

Plan  of  Organization  

Yacht  Surf  

Luncheon  in  Honor  of  Prince  Axel  of 

Denmark  

Typical  Independence  Day  Float  . 

Dinner  in  Honor  of  Officers  of  the 

Argentine  and  Brazilian  Navies  . 

Independence  Day  Diploma    .    .    .  . 

Syrian  Float,  Independence  Day  . 

Independence  Day  Float,  Portugal  . 

Great  Britain  and  Her  Colonies,  Inde- 
pendence Day  

China's  Contribution  on  Independence 
Day  

Cvn:) 


Frontispiece 
following  page  x 

X 

"  XII 
"  XII 
"  XVI 

6 

"  24 
"  32 

••  82 

"  108 

"  120 

"  138 

"  156 

"  180 


PLATES 


East  River  Pier  Facilities  following  page  194 

Section  of  the  Independence  Day  Pageant- 
Parade    "  "214 

Independence  Day  Float,  the  Lusitania    .        "         "  242 

Ready  to  Embark  on  the  Surf  ....        "         "  272 

Group  of  War  Workers  at  "Journey's  End"       "         "  272 


Cvinn 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


so 

George  W.  Loft 
Chairman 

George  MacDonald 
Vice-Chairman 

Louis  G.  Kaufman 
Treasurer 

Henry  MacDonald 
Director-General 


Alexander,  Charles  B. 
Benjamin,  George  Hillard 
Brady,  Nicholas  F. 
Clark,  William  A. 
Dodge,  Cleveland  H. 
duPont,  Coleman 
Durant,  W.  C. 
English,  William  H. 
Friedsam,  Michael 
Grace,  Joseph  P. 
Harriss,  John  A. 
HoYT,  Henry  R. 


Josephthal,  Louis  M. 
Mackay,  Clarence  H. 
McCarthy,  John  A. 
Patterson,  Rufus  L. 
ScHiFF,  Mortimer  L. 
Schwab,  Charles  M. 
Seligman,  Henry 
Shepard,  Finley  J. 
Sinclair,  H.  F. 
Smith,  Alfred  E. 
Wanamaker,  Rodman 
Winthrop,  Henry  Rogers 


GEORGE  W.  LOFT 

CHAIRMAN 


LOUIS  M.  JOSEPHTHAL 
CLARENCE  H.  MACKAY 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


JOHN  A.  HARRISS 
FINLEY  J.  SHEPARD 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


CHARLES  B.  ALEXANDER 
WILLIAM  A.  CLARK 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


CHARLES  M.  SCHWAB 
HENRY  ROGERS  WINTHROP 
WILLIAM  H.  ENGLISH 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


EXECUTIVE  STAFF 


Henry  MacDonald 
Director-General 

Fred.  T.  Newell 
Secretary 

Edward  B.  Cochems,  Manager 
Miss  Ruth  Manning,  Assistant 
Transportation,  Recruiting,  and  Employment  Bureaus 

John  J.  Reardon 
Director  Publicity  Bureau 

Edward  P.  Gaston 
Irvin  G.  Herman      Charles  A.  Hickey 
Secretaries  to  Special  Committees 

Miss  Anne  E.  O'Brien 
Secretary  Speakers'  Bureau 

John  F.  Fitzpatrick 
Private  Secretary  to  Director-General 

Miss  Edith  Proper 
Librarian 


HENRY  MACDONALD 

DIRECTOR-GENERAL 


I 


FRED.  T.  NEWELL 
JOHN  J.  REARDON  EDWARD  B.  COCHEMS 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  STAFF 


ANNE  E.  o'bRIEN 
EDWARD  P.  GASTON 
JOHN  F.  FITZPATRICK 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  STAFF 


FOREWORD 

Hon.  George  W.  Loft,  Chairman 

The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 
City  of  New  York 

My  dear  Mr.  Loft: 

Having  been  honored  with  the  appointment  as  Director-Gen- 
eral in  active  charge  of  the  operations  of  The  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee on  National  Defense,  it  is  my  pleasure  to  present  in  the 
following  pages  an  account  of  the  work  undertaken  by  the 
Committee. 

You  will  find  herein  detailed  the  plan  of  organization;  the 
activities  which  the  Committee  has  engaged  upon,  and  the 
manner  and  method  in  which  it  functions. 

In  taking  up  this  work  in  the  great  strain  and  stress  of  war, 
the  need  for  a  wide  and  effective  organization  became  at  once 
apparent.  To  better  appreciate  the  necessity  for  a  strong  and 
effective  Mayor's  Committee  in  1918,  I  need  only  mention 
the  havoc  which  prevailed  in  New  York  City  in  1863,  when 
the  Draft  Riots  succeeded  in  temporarily  disorganizing  the 
City,  destroying  millions  of  dollars  of  property  and  costing  the 
lives  of  more  than  one  thousand  people.  At  the  present  time 
we  have  the  most  diversified  population  of  any  city  in  the 
world,  numbering  approximately  seven  millions  of  people, 
eighty  per  cent,  of  whom  either  are  foreign-born  or  directly 
descended  from  foreign-born  parents;  and  among  the  forty-two 
nationalities,  or  racial  subdivisions,  nearly  one  hundred  lan- 
guages or  dialects  are  spoken.  In  no  other  city  in  the  world 
therefore  do  we  find  so  many  civic  and  war-time  problems 
which  call  for  wise  consideration  and  effective  treatment. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Moreover,  the  recognized  leadership  of  New  York  in  national 
affairs;  its  commanding  position  in  commerce;  its  pre-eminence 
as  the  centre  of  American  finance;  and  its  influence  upon  inter- 
national relations — all  the  foregoing  are  factors  which  neces- 
sarily have  determined  the  scope  and  character  of  the  organ- 
ization, so  that  its  operations  have  not  been  confined  to  matters 
of  defense  only,  but  have  proceeded  to  the  consideration  of 
the  varied  social  and  economic  problems  having  a  distinct 
bearing  on  war-time  conditions. 

Accordingly,  we  have  organized  the  invited  membership 
into  a  series  of  Special  Committees,  each  Committee  taking 
cognizance  of  subjects  fundamentally  pertinent  to  the  present 
situation.  The  execution  of  all  work  inaugurated  by  the  re- 
spective Committees  is  carried  out  by  a  series  of  Bureaus, 
each  in  charge  of  a  member  of  the  Executive  Staff.  These 
Bureaus  not  only  are  co-operative,  but  they  function  inde- 
pendently; having  definite  fields  of  usefulness  as  set  forth  in 
the  following  pages.  The  work  of  all  Committees  and  Bu- 
reaus, as  you  are  aware,  comes  immediately  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Director-General,  who  confers  with  the  Executive 
Committee,  under  your  Chairmanship,  on  important  matters 
of  policy.  To  more  readily  visualize  the  basic  structure  and 
plan  of  organization,  reference  may  be  made  to  the  chart 
included  within  this  volume. 

That  the  Committee  as  organized  has  proved  to  be  a  practical 
medium  for  war  work  in  this  City  is  clearly  shown  by  the 
results  already  achieved.  The  Federal  authorities  continually 
utilize  its  services  for  the  interpretation  of  the  war  program 
in  New  York.  Invaluable  assistance  has  been  rendered  to  all 
branches  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Departments  in  their  recruit- 
ing campaigns,  no  less  than  seventeen  liaison  officers,  both  of 
the  Army  and  Navy,  having  been  assigned  to  our  Bureaus  for 
this  purpose.  Great  assistance  has  been  given  in  meeting  the 
pressing  needs  of  the  Merchant  Marine;  effective  and  practical 
co-operation  has  been  given  b}'^  the  Committee  for  the  success- 
ful carrying  out  of  the  Selective  Service  Law;  a  ready  response 
was  granted  to  the  appeal  of  the  various  Allied  war  recruiting 

[xiv] 


FOREWORD 


missions  established  in  this  City;  prompt  compliance  is  given 
in  furnishing  specialists  to  meet  the  urgent  requirements  of 
our  Army  abroad;  reception  and  entertainment  are  accorded  to 
distinguished  Allied  and  other  visitors  coming  to  America  on 
diplomatic  and  official  business;  and  the  Committee,  in  pro- 
viding free  transportation  to  the  Army,  Navy  and  the  important 
civilian  war-working  agencies,  performs  a  service  of  unexampled 
magnitude. 

These  references  are  suggestive  only  of  a  few  of  the  ways 
in  which  the  Committee  has  loyally  supported  the  war  program. 
Its  intensive  field  of  operation,  however,  is  naturally  concerned 
with  matters  of  national  defense  in  their  local  application, 
together  with  the  consideration  of  the  economic  and  social 
problems  and  the  remedial  measures  to  be  put  into  operation 
to  maintain  the  City's  pre-war  status.  To  this  end  a  careful 
vigilance  is  maintained  against  plots,  intrigues  and  incipient 
sedition,  which  might  develop  into  a  grave  menace  if  prompt 
checks  were  not  immediately  placed  upon  them.  Precautionary 
measures  have  been  initiated  and  gradually  developed  for  the 
repulsion  of  enemy  air  raids,  submarine  depredations  or  other 
hostile  acts,  and  it  is  particularly  gratifying  to  note  the  results 
of  the  Committee's  efforts  at  instilling  a  feeling  of  mutual 
confidence  and  patriotic  devotion  among  our  great  foreign 
population  at  this  time  when  unity  of  purpose  and  action  is 
so  necessary  in  successfully  waging  the  war. 

The  latter  phase  was  strikingly  evidenced  in  the  Independ- 
ence Day  Pageant-Parade  of  the  present  year,  when  practically 
every  nationality  within  our  City  and  its  environs  joined  in 
an  unparalleled  demonstration  of  their  loyalty  under  the  lead- 
ership of  The  Mayor's  Committee. 

The  careful  attention  which  our  distinguished  and  patriotic 
citizens  are  giving  to  this  work  promises  not  only  to  be  of 
great  and  permanent  benefit  to  this  City,  but  it  is  believed 
that  the  form  of  organization  and  the  duties  already  under- 
taken will  prove  to  be  a  suggestive  medium  for  the  other  cities 
throughout  the  nation  in  effecting  collective  action  by  means 
of  a  uniform  plan. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


An  examination  of  the  following  pages  will  show  the  notable 
results  already  accomplished  by  these  men,  who,  like  myself, 
are  serving  with  no  other  reward  than  the  satisfaction  of  ren- 
dering a  patriotic  service  to  our  City  and  Country  in  their 
hour  of  need. 

I  should  like  to  take  advantage  of  the  present  opportunity 
to  acknowledge  the  hearty  co-operation  which  you,  as  Chair- 
man, and  the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee,  have 
rendered  at  all  times  in  making  our  labors  both  effective  and 
congenial. 

The  work  of  the  members  of  the  Executive  Staff  is  also 
deserving  of  special  praise,  for  without  their  patriotic  con- 
ception of  our  undertaking  it  would  have  been  difficult  to 
secure  the  results  already  attained. 

Henry  MacDonald, 

Director-General. 


Hall  of  Records,  New  York  City, 
November  i,  1918. 


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OF  ORGANIZATION 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARMY  AND  NAVY 
FORCES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  Army  and  Navy  forces  of  the  United  States, 
including  questions  of  all  kinds  relating  to 
the  national  drafts  as  affecting 
New  York  City. 

Brig.-Gen.  George  R.  Dyer 
Chairman 

Lt.-Col.  Charles  J.  Ahern 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

FoRSHEw,  Commodore  R.  P.  Hulbert,  Murray 

Frost,  Lieut.  W.  P.  Ryan,  Allan  A. 

Harriss,  John  A.  Satterlee,  Capt.  Herbert  L. 

Hewitt,  Peter  Cooper  Sherrill,  Gen.  C.  H. 


MEMBERS 


Abert,  Benjamin 
Adam  SON,  Robert 
Andrews,  Dr.  John  B. 
Appleton,  Dr.  Francis  R. 
Babcock,  Major  E.  C. 
Baird,  Col.  Andrew  D. 
Baker,  Lieut.-Com.  G.  B. 
Barbour,  W.  Warren 
Bennett,  Walter  H. 
Bertron,  S.  Reading 
Bonbright,  W.  p. 
Bond,  Stephen  N. 
BoRG,  Sidney  C. 
Breed,  William  C. 
Bridgman,  Brig.-Gen.  Oliver  B. 
Brown,  Col.  Franklin  Q. 
Cable,  Lieut.  W.  A. 
Caldwell,  Chas.  Pope 
Canfield,  Geo.  F. 
Clover,  Rev.  Geo.  F. 
Cohn,  Edward  R. 
Colyer,  Major  Jos.  H. 
Cumnock,  A.  J. 
Damon,  Col.  Alex.  M. 
Dawkins,  Major  W.  A. 


DuRKEE,  Charles  D. 

Eddy,  Lieut.-Com.  Spencer 

Flaherty,  Frank  B. 

Foley,  Major  Frank  F. 

Forbes,  Allen  B. 

Francolini,  Jos.  N. 

Gaillard,  Capt.  W.  E.  G. 

Gibboney,  Stuart  G. 

Goldman,  Julian 

Gould,  Geo.  J. 

Green,  J.  N. 

Green,  Warren  L. 

Haggard,  Sewell 

Hamilton,  Brig.-Gen.  Henry  D. 

Lewisohn,  Adolph 

Mergentine,  Charles  B. 

Munsey,  Frank  A. 

O'Reilly,  L.  J. 

Parody,  Aubrey  J. 

Phillips,  Burdette 

Robb,  Brig.-Gen.  James 

Sabin,  Charles  H. 

Sachs,  Samuel 

Schieffelin,  Col.  Wm.  Jay 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARMY  AND  NAVY 
FORCES 


DEALING  WITH  DRAFT  EVADERS 
PECIALIZED  co-operation  has  been  given  by  this  Com- 


^  mittee  in  connection  with  the  Selective  Service  law,  which 
conscripted  both  for  the  Army  and  the  Navy.  In  a  very  large 
number  of  cases  proper  determination  was  arrived  at  as  regards 
New  York's  quota  in  reference  to  the  country  as  a  whole. 

This  was  made  necessary  by  reason  of  so  many  men  coming 
into  New  York  City  from  other  parts  of  the  country,  often- 
times for  the  purpose  of  evading  the  draft.  Through  the  Intel- 
ligence Department  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  by  other 
means  many  of  these  evaders  were  detected  and  the  necessary 
steps  taken  to  assure  that  they  duly  performed  their  duties. 
This  form  of  co-operation  on  the  part  of  the  Mayor's  Committee 
was  taken  up  as  an  aid  to  all  governmental  agencies  dealing 
with  such  matters,  as  well  as  with  the  police  and  the  municipal 
authorities. 

A  more  agreeable  form  of  service  is  rendered  by  this  De- 
partment of  the  Committee  in  the  care  of  the  many  men  of  the 
Army,  Navy  and  Aviation  services  who  come  to  New  York  City 
from  near-by  cantonments,  or  who  land  from  the  numerous 
ships  coming  into  New  York  harbor.  As  is  indicated  elsewhere. 
New  York  City  accepted  its  responsibilities  of  entertainment 
for  service  men  in  a  willing  spirit,  and  carries  them  through  in 
a  way  which  is  simply  admirable.  The  Mayor's  Committee 
reviewed  early  in  the  hostilities  the  whole  question  of  the  recep- 
tion and  the  care  of  such  men  by  assisting  in  the  installation  of 
facilities  such  as  never  before  had  been'  paralleled  in  all  the 
history  of  the  social  activities  of  war. 


C  3  '2 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


During  the  war  New  York  has  been  belted  by  a  ring  of  mili- 
tary camps  as  if  it  were  a  general  military  headquarters,  as  in- 
deed it  is.  Ride  but  a  few  miles  in  virtually  any  direction  and 
one  comes  to  many  great  barracks  or  cantonments;  within  the 
confines  of  the  City  there  are  many  thousands  of  troops  or 
sailors  continually  quartered,  and  altogether  the  City  is  in  a 
way  the  greatest  center  of  active  war  operations  in  the 
country. 

The  presence  of  these  forces  exerts  a  splendid  influence  in 
certain  ways  and  acts  as  a  tonic  for  patriotism  continually. 
The  proud  part  which  New  York  City  bears  in  the  conduct  of 
the  war  is  written  in  imperishable  records,  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  on  the  lives  of  the  men  who  have  come  within  these 
influences.  The  men  give  help  and  receive  help  in  return. 
There  results  a  better  understanding  between  the  citizens  of 
New  York  and  the  rest  of  the  country,  through  its  visiting  sons, 
than  ever  before  was  the  case. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  presence  of  so  many  forces  tends  to 
affect  the  health  and  sanitary  and  moral  conditions  of  the  City. 
These  phases  of  the  gigantic  activities  brought  about  by  the 
conflict  had  the  early  attention  of  the  members  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee. 

The  advice  and  suggestions  in  general  of  the  Committee  are 
sought  by  many  war  and  patriotic  organizations  already  in 
operation,  or  which  spring  up  to  deal  with  the  extraordinary 
demands  for  recreative  facilities.  The  Executive  Committee 
called  for  the  opening  of  rooms  and  provision  of  beds  for  pri- 
vates; homes  for  officers'  clubs  and  quarters;  and,  in  fact,  every 
phase  of  comfort  for  those  who  are  far  from  home  and  who  are 
deserving  of  the  best  that  the  boundless  hospitality  of  New 
York  City  can  afford. 

Not  alone  is  care  given  to  the  men  themselves,  but  in  many 
instances  their  families  equally  benefit  by  special  considera- 
tion. Co-operation  is  had  with  such  committees  as  those  on 
Medical  and  Surgical  Relief,  Law,  and  the  additional  ones 
which  touch  individual  requirements  either  of  the  men  or  of 
their  families. 

l4l 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARMY  AND  NAVY  FORCES 


THE  NEW  YORK  GUARD 

Whatever  the  form  of  need  which  arises,  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee takes  prompt  and  effective  action,  its  scope  of  activities 
being  not  only  local  but  of  such  a  nature  that  they  prove  to 
be  of  the  utmost  assistance  to  the  Federal  Government  in 
general. 

Early  action  is  taken  for  affording  an  opportunity  for  men 
about  to  go  into  their  country's  service  to  obtain  prelimi- 
nary military  training.  Many  of  the  active  workers  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  are  officials  of  the  New  York  Guard,  and 
every  encouragement  is  given  for  men  to  join  this  one  or 
other  of  the  regiments  of  this  famous  organization,  where  they 
receive  careful  and  expert  training.  This  has  resulted  in 
multitudes  of  commissions  being  obtained  by  men  almost  im- 
mediately that  they  entered  the  Federal  service,  or  very  soon 
thereafter.  Close  co-operation  is  had  with  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's Office  and  many  an  officer  wears  his  bars  or  other  official 
insignia  to-day  as  a  direct  result  of  the  individual  attention 
which  is  bestowed  upon  him  to  a  lavish  degree  by  the  trained 
officers  who  know  that  their  companies  and  regiments  would 
receive  but  little  direct  benefit  from  all  of  the  labor  which  is 
thus  expended  upon  the  oftentimes  raw  and  awkward  recruits. 

In  a  broad  and  general  way  the  Mayor's  Committee  and 
other  related  agencies  in  New  York  City  act  as  a  clearing 
house  for  the  immense  number  of  men  who  either  are  already 
within  the  City  or  who  come  to  it  from  other  parts  of  the 
country;  and,  as  indicated,  these  men  not  alone  receive  train- 
ing which  is  simply  priceless  to  them,  but  also  benefit  from 
the  spirit  of  cordiality  and  friendliness  which  has  long  made 
New  York  City  stand  out  uniquely  among  all  of  the  communi- 
ties of  the  country  as  regards  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  fa- 
cilities so  generously  placed  at  the  disposal  of  those  who  needed 
them. 


n  5  1 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


THE  YACHT  SURF 

One  feature  of  uniquely  individualized  service  arose  in  con- 
nection with  the  frequent  cruises  of  the  ocean  yacht  Surf, 
which  was  generously  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  by  one  of  its  members.  Companies  of  convalescent 
and  wounded  men  are  conveyed  with  scrupulous  attention  by 
special  motor-cars  or  ambulances  from  their  hospitals  to  the 
yacht;  thence  up  the  Hudson  or  along  Long  Island  Sound;  fed 
well;  entertained  by  professional  artists  through  a  long  and 
happy  day;  and  then  conveyed  back  to  their  hospitals.  Com- 
petent nurses  are  aboard,  and  by  means  of  the  surgical  dressing 
room  on  the  yacht  the  wounded  are  given  proper  attention  at 
all  times.  Many  thousands  of  men  in  all  branches  of  the  ser- 
vice thus  find  life  rendered  more  endurable  for  them  during  the 
trying  times  of  their  incapacitation. 

Aside  from  the  New  York  men  in  service,  the  same  spirit  of 
hospitality  is  shown  towards  those  of  all  ranks  in  the  service 
both  of  America  and  its  Allies.  Visiting  Army,  Navy  and  Avia- 
tion officials  are  entertained  on  this  yacht  and  at  country  houses, 
as  well  as  at  clubs,  theaters,  etc.,  in  town.  Co-operation  is 
had  in  these  directions  with  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  Enter- 
tainment and  Reception,  as  well  as  by  m.eans  of  the  stafi^  bu- 
reaus; and  many  a  visiting  official  from  an  Allied  country  has 
returned  to  his  duties  with  a  livelier  sense  of  American  cordi- 
ality than  otherwise  had  been  possible. 

All  officials  and  others  are  given  special  privileges  in  con- 
nection with  the  State  armories  and  other  advantages  incidental 
to  military  headquarters.  In  addition  these  quarters  are 
obtained  repeatedly  for  bazaars  and  for  the  proper  bivouacking 
of  troops  in  the  case  of  the  several  large  parades  which  have 
been  carried  through  on  behalf  of  the  Liberty  Loan  drives.  Red 
Cross  and  other  Allied  spectacles. 


[6] 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARTS  AND  DECORATION 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  matters  where  the 
services  of  artists,  architects  and  sculptors  are  em- 
ployed, including  decoration,  camouflage  and 
the  issuing  of  posters  and  other  forms 
of  pictorial  publicity. 


Albert  Eugene  Gallatin 
Chairman 

Lloyd  Warren 
Vice-Chairman 

Duncan  Phillips 
Augustus  V.  Tack 
Division  of  Exhibitions 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Adams,  Herbert 
Bartlett,  Paul  W. 
Butler,  Nicholas  Murray 
DE  Forest,  Robert  W. 


Gibson,  Charles  Dana 
Hastings,  Thomas 
Huntington,  Archer  M. 
Mackay,  Clarence  H. 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Abbe,  Robert 
Adams,  John  Quincy 
Alexander,  Charles  B. 
Bertron,  S.  Reading 
Burroughs,  Bryson 
Casey,  F.  D. 
Chanler,  Robert  W. 
Clark,  William  A. 
Crowninshield,  Frank 
Cutting,  R.  Fulton 
Du  Bois,  Guy  Pene 
Gay,  Captain  Charles  M. 
Gibson,  Charles  Dana 
Glackens,  William 
GuERiN,  Jules 
Hassam,  Childe 
HoppiN,  William  Warner 


Iselin,  Ernest 
James,  Arthur  Curtiss 
Knoedler,  Roland  F. 
Kunz,  George  F. 
Lawson,  Ernest 
Mackay,  Clarence  H. 
MacNeil,  Herman  A. 
Magonigle,  H.  Van  Buren 
Mansfield,  Howard 
Manship,  Paul 
Nelson,  W.  H.  de  B. 

SCHIEFFELIN,  WiLLIAM  JaY 

Scribner,  Arthur  H. 
Sedgwick,  Henry  Renwick 
Sherrill,  Gen.  Charles  H. 
Sloane,  John 
Stevens,  Joseph  E. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARTS  AND  DECORATION 


WAR'S  ARTISTIC  RESPONSE 
HE  Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration  has  been  organized 


1  for  the  purpose  of  developing  and  enlarging  the  field  of  art 
in  connection  with  the  war,  where  the  services  of  artists,  archi- 
tects and  sculptors  are  employed. 

This  committee  has  established  a  Bureau  of  Information  to 
advise  and  direct  artists,  architects  and  sculptors,  as  well  as 
those  practicing  the  allied  arts,  seeking  to  apply  their  talents  to 
work  connected  with  the  war.  No  group  of  men  in  the  country 
has  arisen  to  the  occasion  in  a  finer  spirit  than  that  shown  by 
this  group  and  none  have  rendered  a  more  notable  service  to  the 
country. 

The  chairman  of  this  committee  replies  personally  to  every 
request  of  this  nature  that  is  received;  the  information  given  is 
in  every  case  official  and  accurate.  Scores  of  such  requests  have 
been  received  from  those  wishing  to  enter  the  camouflage  unit 
of  the  army,  or  desiring  information  concerning  schools  of 
camouflage;  from  artists  wishing  to  paint  designation  targets — 
that  is,  typical  French  landscapes — for  use  in  the  artillery 
schools;  from  painters  and  illustrators  desirous  of  executing 
posters  for  recruiting  purposes,  for  food  and  coal  conservation, 
for  Liberty  Loan  drives  and  other  patriotic  purposes.  Many 
architects,  wishing  to  engage  upon  government  work  connected 
with  housing  problems  at  shipyards  and  munition  works,  and 
in  the  building  of  cantonments  and  hospitals,  have  been  put  in 
touch  with  the  proper  authorities.  These  requests  have  come 
from  all  over  the  country. 


At  the  request  of  the  British  Government,  in  August,  19 18, 
the  ofl^icial  exhibition  of  lithographs  reflecting  Britain's  efforts 


AMBULANT  EXHIBITIONS 


L9'2 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


and  ideals  in  the  Great  War  was  shown  by  the  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration  at  Bar  Harbor,  Maine.  A 
month  earlier  certain  of  these  prints  were  put  on  exhibition  at 
Greenwich  Settlement  House,  in  New  York.  In  September  the 
exhibition  was  shown  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.  Works  of  a  similar 
nature  by  American  artists  are  to  be  shown  in  New  York  under 
the  auspices  of  this  committee,  including  drawings  by  the  artists 
now  officially  attached  to  our  armies  in  France.  Later  these  ex- 
hibitions, which  are  designed  to  acquaint  our  people  with  the 
scope  of  America's  activities  in  the  war  and  to  minister  to  their 
morale,  will  be  shown  in  other  cities.  The  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration  is  also  an  associate  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Exhibitions,  Division  of  Pictorial 
Publicity,  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  at  Washing- 
ton. 

A  group  of  water-colors  and  etchings  by  French  soldier  ar- 
tists, which  were  sold  for  their  benefit,  was  shown  at  Bar  Har- 
bor, Maine,  in  August,  1918. 

The  Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration  assisted  in  the  artis- 
tic censoring  of  the  historic  floats,  banners  and  costumes  ap- 
pearing in  the  great  Independence  Day  Pageant-Parade  held  in 
New  York  in  1918.  This  is  but  one  example  of  the  wide  and 
useful  scope  of  its  activities  in  co-ordinating  art  work  in  so  far 
as  it  affects  the  community.  Another  is  that  the  chairman  of 
the  Advisory  Art  Committee  of  the  Liberty  Loan  Committee  has 
asked  for  the  closest  co-operation  between  the  two  committees. 
On  the  committee  are  some  of  the  greatest  painters,  illustrators, 
architects  and  sculptors  in  the  United  States:  the  American 
public  may  freely  call  upon  them  for  advice  and  assistance  in 
art  matters  related  to  the  winning  of  the  war. 

A  special  leaflet  epitomizing  information  compiled  for  those 
desirous  of  engaging  in  war  work  has  been  prepared  by  the 
chairman  for  gratuitous  distribution.  The  chairman  of  this 
committee  has  also  prepared  an  essay  dealing  with  American 
artists  and  the  war,  for  publication  in  the  19 18  issue  of  Valen- 
tine's Manual. 

A  member  of  this  committee  is  chairman  of  the  Division  of 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARTS  AND  DECORATION 


Pictorial  Publicity  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information. 
Under  the  influence  of  that  division  a  notable  advance  has  been 
made  over  the  quality  of  the  artistic  output  in  the  early  stages 
of  America's  participation  in  the  war. 

A  PERMANENT  MEMORIAL 

The  manner  in  which  American  artists  of  all  classes  have 
come  forward  in  response  to  the  announcement  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  is  beyond  praise.  The  services  which  they  have 
offered  are  manifold,  and  it  is  anticipated  that  through  this  de- 
partment of  the  activities  of  the  committee  an  increased  utility 
will  be  shown. 

Plans  far  beyond  the  immediate  purposes  of  war  service  are 
being  made  for  civic  usefulness.  Among  the  objects  of  the 
committee  is  the  co-ordination  of  art  work  in  so  far  as  it  affects 
the  communit\'  permanently.  As  a  reminder  of  the  great  Inde- 
pendence Day  parade  in  New  York  City  in  191 8,  under  the 
arrangement  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  it  is  planned  to  erect  a 
suitable  memorial.  Madison  Square,  where  the  official  review- 
ing stand  was  placed  for  that  day,  has  been  suggested  as  the 
site.  Possibly  this  memorial  will  take  the  form  of  a  permanent 
reviewing  stand  such  as  has  been  proposed  by  the  National 
Sculpture  Society  as  a  nucleus  for  future  parades.  Alternatively 
the  Committee  is  preparing  plans  for  a  combination  stand  and 
victory  arch  as  a  memorial  to  the  great  Independence  Day 
parade  and  for  the  returning  heroes. 

As  referred  to,  the  following  suggestions  and  information  for 
Artists,  Architects,  Sculptors,  and  those  practicing  the  Allied 
Arts  desiring  to  apply  their  knowledge  to  war  work,  have  been 
prepared  by  the  Chairman  of  this  Committee: 

ARTISTS 

I.  Posters: 

Painters  and  illustrators  wishing  to  design  posters  and  other  pic- 
torial placards  to  be  used  by  the  Government  for  patriotic  purposes 
should  apply  to  the  Division  of  Pictorial  Publicity  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Information,  at  200  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  Drawings 
and  paintings,  which  must  be  offered  gratuitously,  are  required  for 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings  Stamps  drives,  to  urge  conservation 
of  food  and  coal,  to  speed  up  shipbuilding,  for  recruiting,  and  vari- 
ous Red  Cross  purposes.  Poster  artists  may  also  apply  to  the  Art 
War  Relief,  66 1  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  Artists  and  illustrators 
possessing  a  knowledge  of  naval  matters  should  apply  to  the  U.  S. 
Navy  Publicity  Bureau,  New  York. 

2.  Cartoons: 

Never  before  has  the  poster  artist  enjoyed  such  a  golden  opportu- 
nity; this  is  also  true  of  the  cartoonist.  It  has  been  said  of  Raemae- 
kers  that  "He,  more  than  any  other  individual,  has  made  intensely 
clear  to  the  people  the  single  issue  upon  which  the  war  is  joined. 
More  than  cartoonist,  he  is  teacher  and  preacher,  with  the  vision, 
faith,  and  intensity  of  a  St.  Francis,  a  Luther,  or  a  Joan  of  Arc.  .  .  . 
The  pencil  in  his  hands  becomes  an  avenging  sword,  because  by  it 
millions  of  people  have  been  aroused  to  a  clear  cut  realization  of  the 
fact  that  the  issue  of  this  war  is  no  less  than  Slavery  and  Autocracy 
versus  Freedom  and  Democracy.  .  .  .  No  oration,  no  literature,  no 
art,  has  brought  the  real  meaning  of  the  war  home  so  convincingly 
as  these  cartoons." 

3.  Designation  Targets: 

Designation,  or  landscape,  targets  are  used  for  class  room  instruc- 
tion. They  should  depict  typical  French  rural  scenery  and  should 
be  painted  in  clear  and  bright  colors.  The  sizes  vary  from  three  by 
six  feet  to  five  by  twelve  feet.  These  landscapes  are  used  to  visualize 
the  country,  for  panoramic  sketching,  for  working  out  problems  of 
offense  and  defense,  for  target  designation  according  to  the  clock  face 
method  in  machine  gun,  artillery  and  rifle  practice,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

4.  Record  of  America's  Activities: 

Many  illustrators  and  painters  have  been  making  pictorial  records 
of  America's  military,  naval  and  industrial  activities.  These  are 
shown  throughout  the  country,  as  well  as  being  reproduced  in  the 
press,  and  serve,  as  only  pictorial  publicity  and  propaganda  can,  to 
acquaint  our  people  and  those  of  our  Allies  with  the  extent  and  mag- 
nitude of  our  preparations,  thus  strengthening  their  morale.  Eight 
illustrators,  commissioned  captains  in  the  Engineers'  Reserve  Corps 
of  the  army,  are  now  in  France  depicting  our  activities;  their  draw- 
ings should  form  a  very  valuable  historical  record. 

ARCHITECTS 

Architects  desiring  to  engage  in  Government  work  should  apply  to 
the  Director  of  Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation, 
Department  of  Labor,  Washington. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARTS  AND  DECORATION 


SCULPTORS 


Many  sculptors  have  entered  the  Camouflage  unit  (40th  Engineers). 
Others  are  designing  memorials,  medals  which  are  sold  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  Red  Cross  and  other  charities,  and  Congressional  medals. 
The  services  of  sculptors  have  not  as  yet  been  required  by  the  Medical 
Corps  in  this  country;  it  is  understood  that  later  on  they  probably 
will  be.  At  a  later  date  application  should  be  made  to  the  Surgeon 
General,  War  Department,  Washington.  In  England  many  sculptors 
are  co-operating  with  surgeons  in  facial  surgery. 


The  Camouflage  unit  forms  a  part  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  of  the 
National  Army.  It  is  a  military  organization  composed  of  artists, 
architects,  sculptors,  scene  painters,  sign  painters,  house  painters, 
carpenters,  ornamental  iron  workers,  tinsmiths,  plasterers,  photogra- 
phers, stage  carpenters  and  property-men.  The  work  in  general  deals 
with  the  concealment  of  gun  emplacements,  trenches  and  sheds  of 
military  value;  the  screening  of  roads  and  the  manufacture  of  ma- 
terials for  this  purpose;  the  painting  of  roofs  and  large  areas  of  can- 
vas for  the  covering  of  ammunition  storage  and  the  like;  the  making 
of  various  devices  and  clothing  for  the  concealment  of  observers  and 
snipers,  and  occasionally  the  painting  of  a  scenic  drop.  It  is  not  con- 
templated that  there  will  be  any  expansion  of  this  service  in  this 
country.  It  is  suggested  that  applicants  enlist,  as  it  is  possible  that 
they  may  find  opportunity  in  any  branch  of  the  service  to  make  use 
of  their  qualifications;  then,  subsequent  to  being  sent  abroad,  request 
transfer  to  the  40th  Engineers  (Camouflage).  This  corps  is  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  Washington. 
There  is  a  course  in  camouflage  at  Columbia  University. 


Marine  camouflage  is  done  under  the  direction  of  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment. The  work  is  executed  by  the  United  States  Shipping  Board 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation's  department  of  camouflage.  In  each 
district  is  stationed  a  district  camoufleur,  with  a  corps  of  trained  men. 
A  school  has  been  established  by  the  Shipping  Board  for  men  who 
have  already  been  appointed  as  camoufleurs.  The  quota  is  com- 
plete and  there  is  a  waiting  list  of  over  a  thousand  applicants.  An- 
other school  has  been  established  at  the  Great  Lakes  Naval  Training 
Station,  Great  Lakes,  Illinois.  "Baffle  painting"  has  taken  the  place 
of  attempts  to  render  vessels  invisible.  This  distorts  the  outlines  of 
the  ship  and  misleads  the  submarine  as  to  the  craft's  size,  character, 
and  her  course. 


MILITARY  CAMOUFLAGE 


MARINE  CAMOUFLAGE 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


DECORATIONS 

The  services  of  artists,  sculptors  and  architects,  as  well  as  those  en- 
gaged in  the  allied  arts,  are  in  constant  demand  by  committees  ap- 
pointed to  arrange  for  special  decorations.  An  advisory  art  commis- 
sion has  been  chosen  by  the  Publicity  Department  of  the  Liberty 
Loan  Committee  for  New  York  to  arrange  for  decorations  on  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Broadway.  Associated  with  this  commission  are  a  num- 
ber of  leading  artists.  The  hundred  or  more  floats,  and  other  decora- 
tive effects,  used  in  the  last  Independence  Day  Pageant-Parade  in 
New  York  called  into  service  the  special  knowledge  possessed  by  all 
professions  practicing  the  arts  and  crafts.  Special  decorations  are 
frequently  employed  in  New  York,  as  for  the  various  Liberty  Loans 
and  on  the  occasion  of  visits  from  foreign  missions;  those  erected  in 
honor  of  Viviani,  Joffre  and  Balfour  were  very  handsome. 


1:143 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  the  question  of 
bringing  about  co-operation  between  the  various 
cities  of  the  United  States  to  effect  uniform 
results  along  the  lines  of  mutual  pro- 
tection and  civic  betterment. 


Henry  W.  Taft 
Chairman 


LiNDLEY  M.  Garrison 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Ballard,  Sumner  Fargis,  Joseph  H. 

Calder,  William  M.  Jennings,  Walter 

Clews,  Henry  Larkin,  Adrian  H. 

DowLiNG,  Victor  J.  Penfield,  Frederic  C. 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Adams,  Edward  D. 

Garrison,  Lindley  M. 

Ahern,  Charles  J. 

Gerard,  Julian  M. 

Albee,  E.  F. 

Gibson,  Harvey  D. 

Ames,  Louis  A. 

Jacobi,  Abraham 

Anderson,  Ellery  0. 

James,  Arthur  Curtiss 

Baker,  George  F. 

Jasper,  William  H. 

Barsotti,  Charles 

Jennings,  Walter 

Battle,  Geo.  Gordon 

Kamaiky,  Leon 

Caldwell,  Charles  Pope 

Krech,  Alvin  W. 

Chandler,  H.  A.  E. 

Lafrentz,  F.  W. 

CoRTELYOu,  George  B. 

Leahy,  David  T. 

Curtis,  F.  Kingsbury 

Levy,  Ferdinand 

Dingwall,  Adam 

Lincoln,  Charles  M. 

Doran,  George  H. 

Lindsay,  Samuel  McCune 

DoRF,  Samuel 

LOREE,  L.  F. 

Drucker,  Edward  W. 

McCombs,  William  F. 

DuNNiGAN,  John  J. 

MacLean,  Charles  F. 

Ely,  Robert  Erskine 

Manning,  Rev.  William  T.,  D.D. 

Ettinger,  William  L. 

Mead,  S.  C. 

Fahnestock,  William 

Meehan,  Alfred  L. 

FoRSHEW,  Commodore  R.  P. 

Morgan,  Shepard  A. 

Eraser,  Alexander  J. 

Morgenthau,  M.  L. 

Frayne,  Hugh 

RioRDAN,  Daniel  J. 

Frissell,  a.  S. 

ScHOEN,  Clarence  J. 

Fugazy,  L.  V. 

COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


INTER-CITY  HELPFULNESS 

EARLY  in  the  activities  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  wide  at- 
tention was  directed  to  this  New  York  movement  for 
civic  betterment.  Application  was  made  by  other  cities  which 
desired  to  benefit  from  the  unique  program  which  had  been 
inaugurated,  and  on  many  occasions  counsel  has  been  given  as 
to  the  best  manner  for  adapting  this  program  to  other  cities. 

It  seemed  some  time  ago  to  be  advisable  to  form  a  Committee 
on  Associated  Cities  so  that  a  helpful  co-operation  could  be  had 
between  the  various  cities  of  the  United  States  to  affect  uniform 
results  along  the  lines  of  mutual  protection  and  civic  better- 
ment. The  readjustment  period  will  develop  new  problems 
which  must  be  met  in  the  broadest  national  sense,  so  that  the 
experience  of  all  may  be  turned  to  the  benefit  of  each  com- 
munity throughout  the  country. 

Many  sections  of  the  nation  are  interested  in  the  activities  of 
every  department  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  which  include  the 
following: 

NATIONALISM  AND  LOYALTY 

Throughout  the  country  the  great  alien  population  may  be 
taught  the  meaning  of  loyalty  and  unified  American  citizenship. 
Americanization  work  applies  to  practically  every  community 
in  the  United  States  and  thousands  of  organizations  are  work- 
ing towards  the  end  that  the  after-war  effects  will  be  to  give 
a  better  solidarity  to  the  many-sided  civic  structure  which 
makes  up  the  American  commonwealth. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


LAW 

In  the  matter  of  law  every  community  may  benefit  from  the 
generous  spirit  of  co-operation  which  has  been  shown  by  the 
legal  profession  in  New  York  City,  as  described  in  the  article 
on  that  Committee  in  this  volume.  This  lead  will  doubtless  be 
followed  by  lawyers  in  other  centers. 

TRADES  AND  MANUFACTURES 

Trades  and  manufactures  present  much  the  same  problem  in 
every  urban  community  as  in  New  York  City,  excepting  that  in 
the  congested  conditions  in  the  country's  metropolis  it  is  neces- 
sary to  meet  the  lack  of  ground  space  by  physical  regulations 
affecting  the  health,  safety  and  general  welfare  of  the  workers. 

RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 

Retail  Industries  and  the  economies  to  be  affected  by  better 
methods  of  office  and  store  management,  house  to  house  de- 
liveries, etc.,  is  a  department  in  which  practically  every  town 
and  city  throughout  the  country  can  make  for  economy,  and 
consequently  for  a  lowered  price  on  the  necessities  of  life. 

WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 

By  Wholesale  Industries  is  meant  the  wider  operation,  produc- 
tion and  distribution  to  the  trade  of  useful  commodities.  New 
York  City  is  endeavoring  to  provide  the  increased  facilities 
needed  for  the  growing  volume  of  national  and  international 
commerce.  Every  city  can  adapt  the  same  principles  to  its 
varied  conditions. 

LABOR 

Labor  unrest  is  almost  inevitable  in  connection  with  the  re- 
adjustment of  industrial  conditions  which  must  arise  after  the 
major  activities  of  the  war-end  have  finished.   It  is  anticipated 

D83 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


that  there  will  be  a  great  influx  to  the  cities  of  a  restless  popula- 
tion which  is  endeavoring  to  "find"  itself  in  an  industrial  way. 
This  will  lead  to  a  lack  of  housing,  and  conditions  may  be 
aggravated  by  a  diminution  in  wages  paid,  without  a  corre- 
sponding lessening  in  the  cost  of  living.  An  increase  in  social- 
ism may  also  be  noted,  largely  as  a  result  of  labor  conditions, 
and  practically  every  city  in  the  country  must  face  questions 
of  gravity  in  these  directions. 

CIVIC  PROBLEMS 

Civic  Problems  is  a  wide  and  complex  phrase,  but  its  problems 
are  always  present  in  every  community.  In  New  York  City 
the  endeavor  has  been  on  the  part  of  this  Committee  to  adapt 
to  the  individual  citizen  the  desires  and  requirements  of  the 
Federal  Government.  As  there  apparently  will  be  no  lessening 
of  these  requirements  for  a  considerable  time  after  the  close 
of  the  war,  practically  every  locality  in  America  must  be  pre- 
pared to  meet  questions  which  never  before  have  been  encoun- 
tered as  to  special  phases  of  responsibility  which  will  be  laid 
upon  each  citizen.  The  realization  of  individual  responsibility, 
in  other  words,  will  be  the  one  great  thing  which  will  assist  the 
country  as  a  whole  in  resuming  its  accustomed  ways  of  living. 

DOMESTIC  SUPPLIES 

The  handling  of  Domestic  Supplies,  such  as  coal  and  food, 
offers  a  field  for  further  centrification  to  meet  the  lessened  man- 
power which  inevitably  results  after  any  war.  Better  methods 
of  purchase,  storage  and  distribution  can  still  further  add  to 
the  economies  and  spirit  of  thrift  which  the  war  has  imbued 
among  the  mass  of  the  American  people.  Every  effort  should 
be  made  throughout  the  country  that  the  lessons  in  economy 
thus  learned  should  be  adhered  to.  Otherwise  a  great  deal  of 
the  benefit  to  the  health  and  purse  of  the  average  citizen  will  be 
dissipated,  and  leave  behind  little  more  than  a  memory.  Every 
effort  should  be  made  that  the  simplicity  of  life  and  the  "luxury 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


of  doing  without"  should  be  stimulated  as  a  permanent  factor 
in  American  life,  after  the  fashion  of  the  nations  abroad. 

TRANSPORTATION 

Transportation  depends  so  much  on  whether  a  given  city  is 
inland  or  on  the  sea-coast,  whether  its  facilities  are  supplied 
by  rail  or  water,  that  few  suggestions  can  be  given  of  value  to 
places  outside  of  New  York  City.  The  whole  question  of  trans- 
portation, however,  is  one  vitally  affecting  the  material  welfare 
of  any  settlement,  and  an  increase  in  population  but  adds  to 
any  difTiculties  which  may  exist.  This  question  as  a  whole  in- 
volves not  alone  the  transportation  of  individuals  by  street 
railways,  but  also  the  movement  of  goods  in  the  most  expedi- 
tious and  economical  manner  possible.  So  far  as  is  feasible,  the 
construction  of  urban  belt  railways  should  be  encouraged 
throughout  the  country,  so  that  the  always  too  great  volume 
of  goods  moving  through  a  city  should  be  lessened  by  every 
possible  means.  Nearly  every  city  has  its  problem  of  conges- 
tion to  meet,  and  if  a  study  is  made  of  the  unnecessary  street 
and  rail  traffic  it  will  be  found  that  in  most  cases  substantial 
economies  can  be  effected. 

COMMERCE 

The  same  principles  apply  in  the  case  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce.  The  experience  in  New  York  is  that  it  seems  in- 
evitable that  a  certain  amount  of  the  external  commerce  of  the 
City  of  New  York  is  done  at  a  loss  owing  to  the  excess  of  car 
and  truck  loads,  lack  of  terminal  facilities  and  transportation, 
high  insurance,  the  relatively  high  rates  of  wages  necessarily 
paid,  and  other  things  which  militate  against  a  profitable  export 
business  in  many  instances.  As  indicated  in  the  article  on  Com- 
merce, some  sporadic  efforts  are  being  made  by  American  cities 
to  learn  a  lesson  in  economy  from  the  example  set  by  many  of 
the  European  cities,  looking  to  increased  volume  of  trade  and 
decreased  expenses. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


SHIPPING  AND  HARBOR  DEFENSE 

The  matter  of  Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense  is  one  which 
would  apply  only  to  cities  on  the  marine  margins  of  the  coun- 
try; and  it  is  of  course  hoped  that  with  the  close  of  the  war 
there  will  be  no  further  need  for  definite  activity  in  this  matter 
for  the  future. 

RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 

Fire  hazards  and  insurance  interests  vary  greatly  in  different 
cities,  but  by  the  lessons  learned  from  the  war  the  average 
American  city  can  tremendously  reduce  the  risk  and  lower  its 
insurance  rates  by  entering  upon  a  definite  campaign  for  clean- 
ing up  the  cities  by  eliminating  factory  waste  and  other  con- 
ditions which  impose  such  a  heavy  burden  upon  property 
owners. 

CIVIC  FINANCE 

The  matter  of  Civic  Finance  is  one  which  interests  the  largest 
city  or  the  smallest  hamlet  in  the  land.  The  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee of  New  York  City  has  made  an  extended  study  on  con- 
ditions as  affecting  the  metropolis,  and  in  this,  as  in  other  re- 
spects, it  is  quite  willing  to  pass  along  to  other  communities 
any  knowledge  which  has  been  gained.  In  the  average  town 
or  city  government  the  officials  usually  only  apply  existing  laws 
to  the  best  of  their  ability,  notwithstanding  that  it  is  in  their 
province  to  suggest  new  ideas  or  to  incorporate  them,  or  even  to  , 
apply  new  principles  of  civic  finance  to  the  problems  which 
arise.  It  is  therefore  necessary  in  scores  of  American  cities  to 
make  a  renewed  study  of  this  subject,  so  that  the  principles 
to  be  observed  as  well  as  the  application  of  the  principles  may 
be  determined.  This  having  been  done,  it  sometimes  will  be 
found  necessary  to  move  for  a  change  in  the  City  Charter  so 
that  the  necessary  powers  can  be  conferred  upon  the  competent 
public  officials  charged  with  this  most  important  matter. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


SANITATION 

Sanitation  is  a  subject  on  which  America,  with  all  its  boasted 
community  enterprise,  still  lags  far  behind.  Practically  every 
progressive  European  community  can  give  America  many  les- 
sons in  effective  but  economical  methods  for  increasing  the 
health  of  a  city.  A  perusal  of  the  article  on  Sanitation  in  this 
volume  will  be  found  to  be  suggestive  and  practical.  As  in  the 
case  of  other  departments  of  this  work,  the  Mayor's  Committee 
is  at  all  times  pleased  to  pass  along  its  experience  in  these  lines. 

PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 

Public  Instruction  is  so  obvious  a  work  that  little  need  be  said 
on  the  subject,  beyond  the  suggestion  that  the  home,  the  school, 
the  church,  the  civic  forum,  the  press,  and  every  other  avenue 
of  public  information  should  be  developed  as  a  means  for  sup- 
porting a  higher  ethical  sense  among  the  mass  of  the  people. 

ASSOCIATED  WAR  WORK 

Associated  War  Work  may  soon  be  a  thing  of  the  past,  but  it 
is  a  subject  of  vital  importance  in  connection  with  the  re- 
habilitation of  the  many  ordinary  activities  which  have  been 
put  out  of  action  by  the  war.  It  is  perhaps  only  necessary  to 
suggest  that  there  will  inevitably  spring  up  throughout  the 
country  many  forms  of  charitable  relief,  which  will  range  all 
the  way  through  the  gradations  of  good,  bad  and  indifferent. 
It  being  necessary  to  conserve  every  dollar  and  dime  in  the 
country  for  useful  purposes,  it  is  earnestly  to  be  hoped  that  a 
just  but  strict  supervision  will  be  exercised  in  every  place  by 
the  people  through  their  competent  officials.  It  would  likely 
be  useful  if  a  universal  rule  were  to  be  made  that  no  solicitation 
be  permitted  until  a  permit  had  been  applied  for  and  issued 
by  the  City  authorities.  This  permit  presupposes,  of  course, 
a  thorough  investigation  of  the  bona  fides  of  the  organizers  of 

1:223 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


the  proposed  fund  and  the  necessity  for  it  as  regards  the  public 
welfare.-  This  proposal  is  described  at  length  in  the  article 
dealing  with  this  very  important  matter. 

MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  RELIEF 

Protective  work  of  a  kind  never  before  attempted  is  now 
necessary  in  connection  with  Medical  and  Surgical  Relief.  The 
strain  on  hospitals  and  other  places  of  refuge  for  the  unfortu- 
nate will  likely  be  unusually  great  as  time  goes  by,  and  one  of 
the  purposes  of  the  Committee  which  deals  with  such  matters 
should  be  to  obtain  the  assistance  of  patriotic  and  charitably 
disposed  persons  to  provide  and  maintain  an  emergency  hos- 
pital and  relief  stations  where  the  need  is  felt. 

ORGANIZED  GUARD 

The  war  has  brought  about  so  definite  a  desire  for  preparedness 
on  the  part  of  the  people  as  a  whole,  that  it  is  easy  to  foresee  a 
notable  revival  in  such  directions  as  the  old  State  militia  which 
flourished  so  largely  in  the  North  after  the  Civil  War.  Quite 
aside  from  the  possibility  of  universal  military  training,  it  is 
likely  that  the  patriotic  citizens  of  the  country  will  wish  to 
permanentize  the  military  and  naval  training  of  which  they 
have  received,  in  many  cases,  but  an  inkling  during  the  war. 
It  therefore  is  obvious  that  special  attention  will  be  paid  in  a 
multitude  of  places  to  this  important  form  of  organization, 
which  is  dealt  with  in  its  civic  aspect  by  the  Mayor's  Committee 
on  Organized  Guard. 

ARMY  AND  NAVY  FORCES 

Army  and  Navy  Forces  and  their  activities  in  a  given  com- 
munity will  depend  largely  on  the  number  of  arsenals,  military 
and  naval  camps,  and  other  Federal  or  State  activities.  This 
being  the  official  and  national  part  of  any  program  which  the 
Government  may  promulgate,  it  can  be  of  great  usefulness  in 

n233 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


the  way  of  supplying  trained  officers  to  the  civilian  movement 
as  represented  by  the  preceding  Committee  on  Organized 
Guard. 

NATIONAL  ACTIVITIES 

The  Committee  on  National  Activities  represents  an  effort  to 
link  up  every  section  of  the  country  to  unified  action  for  mutual 
benefit;  and,  as  indicated  under  that  subject  in  this  volume, 
special  plans  are  under  preparation  for  unifying  American 
national  interests  in  a  way  which  never  before  has  been  at- 
tempted. 

ENTERTAINMENT  AND  RECEPTION 

The  entertainment  and  reception  of  distinguished  visitors  is  a 
gracious  rite  of  hospitality  which  hitherto  never  has  been 
cultivated  in  America  in  any  definite  way.  They  do  these 
things  better  in  other  countries,  where  municipalities  oftentimes 
have  a  regularly  recognized  budget  for  such  uses,  and  where  the 
visitor  to  a  city  enjoys  every  facility  for  meeting  its  representa- 
tive citizens  and  for  carrying  away  a  relatively  proper  under- 
standing of  the  civic  life  of  the  place. 

If  America  could  but  translate  its  admirable  spirit  of  private 
hospitality  into  terms  of  public  service,  there  would  be  little 
more  to  be  said  on  the  duty  which  is  owed  to  the  stranger  within 
our  gates. 

ARTS  AND  DECORATION 

The  matter  of  Arts  and  Decoration  is  a  department  of  activity 
on  which  relatively  the  average  American  city  leaves  little  to 
be  desired.  An  admirable  spirit  of  co-operation  is  manifest  as 
a  usual  thing  when  a  celebration  is  to  be  held;  but  by  periodi- 
cally calling  together  the  recognized  artists,  and  those  of  similar 
bent,  in  a  town  or  city,  a  much  more  effective  display  can  be 
made.  Any  one  who  saw  the  "Avenue  of  the  Allies"  on  the  oc- 
casion of  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  Drive  must  have  carried  away 

n243 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


with  him  an  ineffaceable  impression  of  what  can  be  done  by 
unified  action  on  the  part  of  those  who  are  competent  to  lay 
out  a  complete  plan,  and  then  to  see  that  it  is  carried  through. 
The  method  of  giving  over  each  block  on  Fifth  Avenue  to  the 
flags  and  other  decorations  of  a  given  nationality  resulted  in 
an  individuality  and  distinctiveness  which  probably  never  be- 
fore has  been  reached  in  all  the  history  of  a  city  and  its  decora- 
tion. Any  one  who  failed  to  see  the  simple  but  harmonious 
effects  attained  would  find  it  well  worth  his  while  to  secure  from 
some  photographer  or  illustrated  paper,  sectional  photographs 
pictorially  describing  that  occasion.  The  New  York  shop 
windows  in  themselves  represented  oftentimes  an  epic  in  effec- 
tive artistry. 

BUILDING  AND  CONSTRUCTION 

In  the  way  of  Building  and  Construction,  the  devastated  fields  of 
war  offer  such  a  chance  for  town  planning  on  new  lines  as  has 
never  before  been  presented  in  human  history.  It  is  anticipated 
that  when  the  ruined  towns  and  cities  come  to  be  restored  there 
will  arise  a  new  art  in  town  planning  which  should  have  its 
immediate  effect  upon  American  architecture.  America  has 
now  reached  a  stage  where  closer  supervision  may  wisely  be 
exercised,  as  now  is  being  done  by  the  Mayor's  Committee,  over 
the  building  plans  which  are  prepared,  and  when  the  materials 
used  in  construction  should  be  considered  not  alone  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  available  local  supplies  of  material,  but 
with  regard  to  the  effect  which  the  use  of  a  given  material  will 
have  upon  the  interests  of  the  country  as  a  whole.  Shortages 
in  any  line  may  thus  be  provided  against  and  a  more  equitable 
scale  of  prices  assured  for  the  interests  of  the  people  at  large. 

THE  ADMINISTRATIVE  BUREAUS 

In  attempting  a  brief  survey  of  the  Administrative  Committees 
or  Bureaus  operating  under  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National 

[25:] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Defense  of  New  York  City,  the  following  suggestions  may 
also  be  of  some  value: 

The  organization  as  shown  by  the  chart  in  this  volume  is 
headed  by  an  administrative  committee  which  has  as  its  ad- 
juncts nine  bureaus.  Actively  heading  the  organization  is  the 
Director-General  (an  unpaid  volunteer  worker)  and  his  staff, 
which  largely  consists  of  expert  assistants.  The  Director- 
General  has  administrative  and  initiatory  powers  and  makes 
effective  the  programs  outlined  for  the  committees  and  bureaus. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE  HEADS 

A  Bureau  of  Secretaries  consists  of  the  executive  heads  of  the 
twenty-five  subcommittees.  This  Bureau  defines  the  technical 
work  of  the  secretaries  and  sub-secretaries  and  co-ordinates  this 
work  so  that  all  the  different  committees  will  proceed  along  the 
same  general  lines,  thus  preventing  a  duplication  of  effort.  The 
Vk'ork  of  individual  committees  is  widely  varied,  but  it  has  been 
found  possible  to  blend  them  into  one  harmonious  and  co- 
operative force  by  this  means. 

PUBLICITY 

The  name  alone  of  the  Bureau  of  Publicity  is  sufficient  indica- 
tion of  the  work  with  which  it  is  entrusted.  In  a  large  center 
like  New  York  City  it  is  possible  to  command  the  best  talent 
of  metropolitan  journalism,  but  in  any  community  it  should 
also  be  found  possible  to  enlist  the  volunteer  services  of  one 
or  more  of  the  local  editors.  These  workers  usually  show  an 
admirable  and  generous  spirit  of  helpfulness  whenever  the  in- 
terests of  the  community  are  concerned,  or  the  larger  elements 
of  service  are  involved.  The  war  has  developed  such  a  spirit 
of  self-sacrifice  and  nobility  on  the  part  of  volunteer  workers 
generally,  that  in  this  department,  as  in  others  connected  with 
the  civic  movement,  it  should  be  possible  to  command  the  serv- 
ices of  admirably  trained  persons  who  have  learned  the  lessons 
of  efficiency  brought  about  by  war-time  conditions. 

126-2 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  CITIES 


VOLUNTEER  SERVICE 

Such  an  amount  of  volunteer  service  has  been  rendered  in 
other  directions  that  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Volunteer  Ser- 
vice which  is  operated  in  New  York  City  through  the  Mayor's 
Committee  should  be  shown  by  many  effective  replicas  through- 
out the  country. 

INVESTIGATION  AND  INTELLIGENCE 

The  prevalence  of  Teutonic  espionage  throughout  many  sec- 
tions of  America  made  it  necessary  for  the  Bureau  of  Investiga- 
tion and  Intelligence  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  of  New  York 
City  to  have  confidential  knowledge  of  many  matters  nation- 
wide in  their  scope,  and  even  international  in  their  ramifications. 
Happily  the  time  has  gone  by  for  the  acute  need  of  this  class 
of  work,  but  there  is  not  a  community  in  the  country  where 
useful  services  could  not  be  rendered  by  a  few  alert  and  con- 
scientious citizens.  The  tendency  toward  drug  addiction  and 
the  enforcement  of  all  sumptuary  legislation  are  matters  which 
should  have  the  vigilant  care  of  every  well-meaning  citizen. 
The  upholding  of  higher  standards  of  moral  conditions,  both 
in  town  and  country,  is  a  field  in  which  both  men  and  women 
can  usefully  work;  and  in  fact  almost  every  avenue  of  human 
advancement  gives  an  opportunity  for  a  wise  and  tactful  exer- 
cise of  the  qualities  of  investigation  for  the  improvement  of 
conditions  and  the  intelligent  application  of  the  information 
thus  gained.  The  strengthening  of  existing  laws  and  the  agita- 
tion for  new  legislation  to  meet  changing  conditions  in  civic 
life  are  matters  in  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  glad  to 
give  the  benefit  of  its  advice  whenever  possible. 


TRANSPORTATION,  TELEGRAPH  AND  MAILS 

Transportation,  Telegraph  and  Mails  imply  that  the  Bureau 
dealing  with  this  great  division  of  human  communication  is  a 
very  busy  one.   It  has  had  in  charge  all  questions  of  telegraphs 

1:27: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


and  mails  as  affecting  the  activities  of  the  Committee,  as  also 
the  use  of  the  various  motor  corps.  The  use  of  motors  and 
transportation  facilities  in  general  for  war  work  will,  of  course, 
after  the  war  be  adapted  to  the  purpose  of  readjustment. 

EMPLOYMENT 

Civic  Employment  must  of  necessity  after  the  war  take  a  fore- 
most position:  first  of  all,  in  seeing  that  no  returned  soldier  or 
sailor  lacks  for  means  of  an  honest  livelihood,  or  that  any  other 
worthy  worker  is  out  of  employment;  secondly,  that  any  over- 
plus of  labor  in  a  given  locality  should  be  immediately  turned 
in  the  direction  of  the  roadmaking  and  other  public  improve- 
ments which  of  necessity  have  had  to  stand  largely  inactive 
during  this  great  stress  and  over-pressure  of  war  work. 

RED  CROSS  AND  CIVIC  AID 

Civic  aid  as  exemplified  by  the  Red  Cross  and  like  activities 
takes  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating  to  the  distribution  of 
joint  aid  as  extended  through  recognizedly  worthy  organiza- 
tions and  the  Government.  A  great  early  example  of  work 
of  this  nature  which  was  done  on  a  national  scope  was  seen  in 
the  work  of  the  Sanitary  Commission  during  the  Civil  War  and 
the  admirable  manner  in  which  that  work  was  pursued  in  the 
time  following  the  necessary  readjustment  to  peaceful  condi- 
tions throughout  the  country.  With  the  immensely  increased 
facilities  of  organization  and  effective  work  which  now  exist, 
it  is  obvious  that  the  excellent  results  gained  in  America's  pre- 
vious conflict  should  be  multiplied  many-fold. 

FOR  WIDEST  HELPFULNESS 

In  general,  the  Committee  on  Associated  Cities  stands  for  the 
widest  helpfulness  towards  the  country  as  a  whole,  and  the 
movement  thus  inaugurated  should  in  time  belt  the  whole 
country  in  building  up  a  livelier  civic  sense  on  the  part  of  all 
its  people. 

1283 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  WAR 

WORK 

This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  individuals,  collec- 
tions of  individuals,  societies,  associations  and 
corporations,  the  activities  of  which  (charit- 
able and  otherwise)  have  grown  out  of 
the  present  war. 


George  Hillard  Benjamin 
Chairman 

S.  C.  Mead 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE 

Davison,  Henry  P. 
DEFOREST,  Robert  W. 
Jennings,  Walter 


COMMITTEE 

PURDY,  LaWSON 

Ryan,  Allan  A. 
WiNTHROP,  Henry  Rogers 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Ames,  Louis  Annin 
Battle,  Geo.  Gordon 
Baylies,  Edmund  L. 
BoNBRiGHT,  William  P. 
Brewster,  Albert  S. 
Butler,  William  A. 
Carlton,  Newcomb 
Clark,  Judge  Lester  W. 
CowLES,  Russell  A. 
Cutting,  R.  Fulton 
Dana,  Dr.  Charles  L. 
Darlington,  Dr.  Thomas 
Demorest,  William  Curtis 
Dike,  Judge  Norman  S. 
DowD,  Herman 
duPont,  Coleman 
Farrell,  Rev.  W.  B. 
Friedsam,  Col.  M. 
Griscom,  C.  a. 
Harriss,  John  A. 
Hayden,  Charles 
Holt,  Hamilton 
Ingraham,  Phoenix 
James,  Arthur  Curtis 
Kruttschnitt,  J. 


Lambert,  Samuel  W. 
Lindsay,  John  D. 
Marston,  Edwin  S. 
Mitchell,  William 
McAdoo,  Judge  William 
McCall,  Edward  E. 
O'Brien,  Judge  Morgan  J. 
O'Keefe,  John  G. 
Partridge,  Dr.  Edward  L. 
Pendleton,  Judge  Francis  K. 
Reick,  William  C. 
Reisner,  Rev.  Christian  F. 
Robinson,  Beverley  R. 
Root,  Elihu 
Stanchfield,  John  B. 
Steele,  Charles 
Stern,  M.  Samuel 
Stewart,  Lispenard 
Straus,  Percy  S. 
Taft,  Henry  W. 
Townsend,  Howard 
Truesdell,  W.  E. 
Whalen,  Grover 
White,  John  J. 
Wise,  Henry  A. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  WAR 

WORK 

MEETING  WAR'S  GIGANTIC  DEMANDS 

MEN  in  the  service  and  others  coming  to  New  York  City 
during  the  progress  of  the  war  have  repeatedly  paid  New 
York  the  compliment  of  being  the  most  liberal  and  energetic 
among  the  cities  of  America  in  all  forms  of  patriotic  service. 
The  most  admirable  type  of  co-operation  in  meeting  the  gigan- 
tic demands  of  war  has  been  shown,  and  fine  remedial  work  has 
been  accomplished  on  every  hand.  Latterly  the  constituted 
authorities  have  been  exercising  a  supervision  over  war  charity 
appeals,  which  was  notably  lacking  in  the  earlier  days,  when 
extraordinary  and  sudden  demands  were  made. 

The  Committee  on  Associated  War  Work  has  cognizance  of 
all  questions  relating  to  the  manifold  activities  undertaken  by 
the  citizens,  independent  of  governmental  activities.  It  is  rec- 
ognized that  immediately  following  any  great  disaster  or  other 
occurrence  which  excites  the  public  interest,  a  considerable 
number  of  people,  organizations  and  associations,  start  an  im- 
mediate drive  for  subscriptions,  with  the  ostensible  purpose  of 
using  these  subscriptions  to  afford  relief. 

It  has  been  shown  repeatedly  that  a  very  considerable  pro- 
portion of  the  subscriptions  thus  obtained  is  used  by  certain 
societies  for  paying  commissions,  office  expenses,  salaries  and 
the  like,  and  that  an  extremely  small  portion  ever  reaches  the 
object  for  which  the  subscriptions  were  given  by  a  generous,  but 
oftentimes  undiscriminating  public.  Since  the  beginning  of  the 
war  approximately  15,000  appeals  were  made  from  different 
sources  for  money  for  war  relief,  and  it  is  believed  that  in 
many  instances  the  money  obtained  has  never  been  used  in 

DO 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


war  relief.  This  criticism,  of  course,  does  not  apply  to  such 
recognized  societies  as  the  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
Knights  of  Columbus,  Salvation  Army,  Jewish  War  Relief, 
American  Library  Association,  and  other  societies  of  established 
standing. 

The  matter  has  received  the  attention  of  the  District  Attor- 
ney, and  prosecutions  have  been  undertaken  in  a  number  of 
instances  with  notably  salutary  effects.  It  is  proposed  that 
proper  ordinances  be  passed  by  the  Board  of  Aldermen  to  the 
effect  that  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  ordinances  no  new 
groups  of  individuals  or  societies  shall  solicit  money  for  any 
form  of  relief,  for  any  purpose,  without  first  obtaining  a  license 
to  do  so  from  properly  appointed  city  officials. 

In  order  to  obtain  such  license,  the  party  or  parties  making 
application  therefor  must  show  their  responsibility  and  provide 
ample  security;  and,  further,  must  make  monthly  statements  of 
money  received  and  disposition  of  money;  this  ordinance  to  be 
ex  post  facto  in  effect  so  as  to  include  all  existing  societies.  It 
is  proposed  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  that  these  ordinances 
shall  extend  not  only  to  work  in  connection  with  war  and 
special  crises,  but  that  they  shall  embrace  all  charitable  work 
of  whatever  description.  It  is  held  that  all  societies  should 
submit  to  the  authorities  any  and  all  literature  which  they  pro- 
pose to  send  through  the  mails  soliciting  subscriptions,  and 
obtain  the  necessary  official  approval  before  this  is  distributed. 
Violation  of  such  an  ordinance  would  be  punishable  as  a  misde- 
meanor by  imprisonment  and  fine,  depending  upon  the  circum- 
stances. 

APPREHENDING  THE  UNWORTHY 

The  public  is  invited  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  give  infor- 
mation of  any  attempts  to  collect  money  without  proper  author- 
ity. Such  cases  will  be  investigated  by  the  Intelligence  Depart- 
ment of  the  Committee,  resulting  evidence,  if  any,  being  placed 
before  the  District  Attorney  for  use  in  prosecution. 
The  District  Attorney's  office  has  been  engaged  in  this  useful 

1:323 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  WAR  WORK 


work  as  indicated.  The  Mayor's  Committee,  commanding  as  it 
does  the  volunteer  services  of  a  large  number  of  people,  has 
proved  of  material  aid  to  the  District  Attorney's  office  in  appre- 
hending unworthy  claimants  in  various  directions.  Further,  the 
Committee,  by  co-ordinating  all  charitable  work,  assists  in  pre- 
venting duplication,  unnecessary  expense  and  waste  of  money 
generally,  in  addition  to  the  various  other  duties  which  the 
Committee  can  profitably  undertake. 

Economy  in  collection,  reduction  in  overhead  charges,  effi- 
ciency in  administration,  and  the  maximum  of  results  represent 
in  brief  the  standards  set  up  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  deal- 
ing with  war  charities  and  other  activities  in  which  the  money 
of  the  public  is  invested.  The  cutting  down  of  the  heavy 
overhead  charges  which  ordinarily  absorb  so  much  of  the  money 
given  by  the  public  in  the  form  of  contributions  is  a  feature 
closely  scrutinized  as  a  matter  of  public  protection. 

While  the  Committee  has  every  desire  that  the  greatest 
amount  of  aid  shall  be  given,  and  given  quickly,  in  case  of  need, 
it  nevertheless  rigidly  exercised  its  duty  in  protecting  any  un- 
intelligent sections  of  the  community  which  might  respond  to 
cleverly  worded  but  unworthy  appeals.  The  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee acts,  in  fact,  as  a  clearing  house  of  philanthropy  for 
Greater  New  York.  The  value  of  its  services  is  recognized  by 
the  Police  Department  and  other  official  agencies  by  referring 
to  the  Committee  applications  for  the  inauguration  of  collec- 
tions and  other  funds;  and  in  consequence  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee exercises  a  sympathetic  but  wise  supervision  of  war  chari- 
ties and  other  activities  of  public  beneficence. 

By  reason  of  its  being  so  potent  a  force,  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee also  exercises  its  judgment  on  behalf  of  the  Federal 
Government  in  sundry  directions. 


AMALGAMATION  OF  EFFORTS 

Not  alone  does  the  Mayor's  Committee  encourage  the  getting 
together  of  charitable  and  similar  organizations,  but  it  stands 
for  the  amalgamation  of  every  type  of  civic  effort  so  far  as  is 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


possible.  In  past  years  there  were  many  small  organizations 
scattered  throughout  Greater  New  York,  which  happily  have 
united  their  forces  in  many  instances  to  the  great  benefit,  gen- 
erally, of  all  concerned;  but  the  Mayor's  Committee  feels  that 
a  still  further  amalgamation  of  forces  may  be  usefully  carried 
out  in  several  directions,  and  has  quietly  exerted  its  influence 
towards  this  end. 

Commanding,  as  the  Committee  does,  the  advice  of  some  of 
the  greatest  organization  experts  of  the  country,  the  effort  is 
for  simplification  at  every  point.  The  boards  of  many  organi- 
zations doing  constructive  work  to-day  include  committees  on 
civic  affairs,  public  safety,  traffic,  credit  bureaus,  and  various 
types  of  merchants'  associations.  It  is  recognized  that  such 
boards  should  generally  be  divided  into  two  classes  of  activity: 
Departments  and  Committees.  The  organization  of  a  com- 
mittee is  somewhat  less  rigid  than  a  department,  and  in  many 
cases  it  may  prove  wise  to  discontinue  a  committee  which  has 
outlived  its  usefulness.  Cognizance  is  had  of  the  tendency  to 
do  away  with  "standing  committees"  altogether,  with  the  idea 
that  committees  appointed  to  put  through  a  definite  task  are 
more  likely  to  do  good  and  continual  work.  The  permanent 
boards,  on  the  other  hand,  such  as  credit  and  traffic  bureaus 
and  realty  exchanges,  are  encouraged  to  organize  separate  de- 
partments with  definite  and  constructive  work  to  be  performed, 
and,  so  far  as  is  possible,  with  paid  executives  in  charge.  The 
Mayor's  Committee  is  frequently  consulted  by  associations 
which  desire  to  have  expert  and  entirely  disinterested  opinions 
as  to  the  best  way  of  organization  and  operation.  It  is  needless 
to  say  that  the  Committee  is  always  ready  to  supply  such  advice 
freely  and  gladly. 

UNIFICATION  OF  CHARITIES 

In  some  cities  there  have  been  formed  special  campaign  organi- 
zations to  deal  with  the  money-raising  work  brought  on  by 
war-time  and  reconstruction  appeals.  In  some  cases  the 
plan  has  been  extended  to  include  a  permanent  fund,  which  has 

l34l 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  WAR  WORK 


become  popularly  known  as  a  "War  Chest."  People  are  as- 
sessed in  proportion  to  their  income,  or  on  some  similar  basis, 
and  those  who  agree  to  this  assessment  make  their  payments 
upon  the  installment  plan. 

The  approved  plans  for  development  include :  ( i )  A  central 
committee  to  pass  upon  the  appeal  for  funds;  (2)  A  permanent 
campaign  fund  organization;  (3)  The  war  chest  plan,  and  a 
permanent  fund  with  installment  payment  features. 

It  is  estimated  that  more  than  one  hundred  cities  throughout 
the  country  are  now  working  on  the  war  chest  plan,  and  a  num- 
ber of  large  cities  are  considering  an  adaptation  of  the  plan  to 
their  special  requirements. 

In  Cleveland,  Ohio,  it  is  estimated  that  in  a  single  year  money 
which  would  otherwise  have  gone  to  ill-advised  or  fraudulent 
soliciting  for  alleged  charitable  purposes  has  been  saved  to  the 
extent  of  $90,000.  The  usual  plan  in  handling  this  matter  is 
for  such  a  body  as  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  have  a  special 
Endorsement  Committee  to  pass  upon  solicitations.  Cards  of 
authorization  are  issued  to  all  approved  solicitors,  and  these 
must  be  shown  upon  demand.  Signs  are  displayed  in  business 
offices,  factories,  etc.,  stating  that  contributions  will  not  be 
made  excepting  under  these  circumstances.  The  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee is  endeavoring  to  unify  the  most  approved  plans  in  deal- 
ing with  charitable  solicitations,  and  the  results  will  be  freely 
given  for  the  benefit  of  other  cities. 

The  first  instance  of  a  large  community  movement  of  this 
kind  appears  to  be  the  Baltimore  Fund — a  1 1,500,000  fund 
started  early  in  19 17 — to  finance  for  a  period  of  three  years  the 
Red  Cross  and  other  approved  charitable  and  social  agencies 
there.  The  City  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  adopted  a  similar  plan, 
when  the  Mayor  issued  a  proclamation  prohibiting  the  solicita- 
tion of  funds  without  a  license.  As  a  result  of  this  a  general 
censoring  committee  was  formed  in  Syracuse,  and  a  plan  was 
evolved  whereby  the  citizens  are  called  upon  for  given  monthly 
payments  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  to  make  up  a  yearly  total 
of  1 1, 200,000. 

In  Rome,  N.  Y.,  it  is  estimated  that  an  average  of  two  dollars 

1:353 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


was  subscribed  for  the  war  chest  fund  for  every  man,  woman 
and  child  in  the  community.  Subscribers  to  the  fund  amounted 
to  35%  of  the  total  population  and  the  employees  of  industrial 
establishments  of  Rome  showed  an  efficiency  average  of  95.77%. 


BOARDS  OF  INVESTIGATION 

A  LARGE  number  of  cities  have  made  some  provision  in  the  form 
of  a  citizens'  board  or  central  committee  to  investigate  and  pass 
upon  the  matter  of  all  local  appeals  for  financial  aid.  To 
unify  these  many  efforts,  the  Mayor's  Committee,  as  the  New 
York  City  unit  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  of  Washing- 
ton, has  moved  in  favor  of  a  National  Investigating  and  En- 
dorsing Commission  to  cover  not  alone  the  charitable  operations 
of  cities,  but  of  States  generally.  If  this  movement  reaches 
national  proportions,  it  is  believed  that  practically  every  great 
community  can  be  made  to  see  that  it  is  desirable  that  it  should 
have  its  central  committee  to  co-operate  with  the  general  central 
agencies  in  the  important  work  of  endorsement,  as  only  in  this 
way  can  adequate  supervision  be  obtained.  By  this  means  the 
day  of  the  fraudulent  collector  and  the  old-time  'Tifty-fifty 
charity"  will  be  a  thing  of  the  past. 

Federal  departments  at  Washington  for  the  first  time  in  their 
history  are  making  a  definite  effort  to  extend  their  activities  to 
the  great  masses  of  the  people  throughout  the  States  and  cities 
of  the  Union.  The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 
is  the  designated  unit  in  New  York  City  for  various  of  these 
departments,  and  the  results  of  mobilizing  the  civilian  popula- 
tion for  the  winning  of  the  war  were  early  in  evidence.  There 
are  many  ways  in  which  the  Federal  Government  at  Washing- 
ton can  be  brought  into  intimate  and  permanent  contact  with 
the  civic  life  of  New  York,  and  one  of  the  most  important  func- 
tions of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  to  centralize  these  activities 
and  act  as  a  clearing  house  between  the  General  Government 
and  the  individual  unit. 

1:363 


COMMITTEE  ON  ASSOCIATED  WAR  WORK 


WIDE  CO-ORDINATION 

A  FEW  only  of  the  ways  in  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  met 
these  needs  may  be  mentioned: 

Co-operation  and  support  were  given  by  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee to  all  the  various  war  organizations  and  societies  which 
were  interested,  especially  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  in  vari- 
ous ways  in  being  of  assistance  to  the  Federal  Government. 

Aid  was  given  through  the  influence  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee in  organizing  entertainments,  supplying  speakers, 
military  and  police  escorts  for  all  kinds  and  manners  of  public 
affairs. 

Co-ordination  was  given  through  the  Mayor's  Committee  to 
the  various  war  organizations  in  this  City  which  have  sprung  up 
through  the  patriotic  impulse  for  the  purpose  of  giving  vari- 
ous comforts  to  the  Army  and  Navy. 

Financial  assistance,  direct  or  indirect,  was  given  to  worthy 
organizations  in  arranging  bazaars,  fairs,  gymkhanas,  etc. 

Volunteer  service  was  rendered  through  the  Committee  to 
many  worthy  war  organizations  in  need  of  volunteer  workers 
to  carry  out  their  purposes. 

Expert  assistance  is  given  by  the  staff  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  to  war  organizations  seeking  guidance  and  infor- 
mation. A  large  and  unlimited  service  was  rendered  in  the 
way  of  advice  and  information  to  the  soldiers  and  sailors  within 
our  City,  assigning  them  to  the  various  clubs  and  organiza- 
tions established  for  their  benefit,  and  serving  their  interests 
in  a  multitude  of  ways.  Dissemination  of  information  pertain- 
ing to  the  various  war  organizations  of  New  York  City  was 
carried  out  on  a  large  scale. 


1:373 


I 


COMMITTEE  ON  BUILDING  AND 
CONSTRUCTION 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  the  construction  and  repairing  of  buildings  and  all 
work  usually  contemplated  under  the  terms  of  con- 
struction, repair  and  building  operations,  in  the 
City  of  New  York,  for  the  period  of  the  war 
and  such  time  thereafter  as  may  be 
necessary. 

George  MacDonald 
Chairman 

George  H.  Benjamin 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE 

Carl,  John  H. 
DoRDAN,  John  E. 
Foster,  Judge  Warren  W. 
Kelley,  Charles  J. 


C  0  M  iM  I  T  T  E  E 

Larkin,  Adrian 
Lewisohn,  Adolph 
McGuire,  Cornelius 
Thomas,  Charles  G.  M. 


MEMBERS 


Bergen,  William.  C. 
Braid,  John  W. 
Brown,  Rufus  H. 
Bruckner,  Henry 
Chambers,  Albert  N. 
Clarke,  Audley 
Clonin,  James  E. 
Connolly,  Maurice  E. 
Cooke,  Robert  Crier 
Cram,  J.  S. 
Cravath,  Paul  D. 
Croxton,  William  N. 
Curtis,  F.  Kingsbury 
DowLiNG,  Frank  B. 
escher,  g.  m. 
Ferguson,  Robert  B. 
Fish,  John  J. 
Fleischman,  Gustav  J. 
Gillies,  R.  C. 
Harding,  Lewis 
Hastings,  Thomas 


Kearns,  Philip  J. 
Marling,  Alfred  E. 
Meyers,  Charles  B. 
Morgan,  William  Fellowes 
Norman,  C.  G. 
O'Leary,  John 
Oliver,  W.  H. 
O'Rourke,  T.  a. 
Reid,  William  C. 
Riegelman,  Edward 
Roach,  Edward 
Ryan,  J.  P. 
Schwartz,  S.  I. 
Shevlin,  John  J. 
Stern,  Louis 
Taylor,  Ronald 
Van  Clief,  William  S. 
Van  Name,  Calvin  D. 
Westcren,  M.  F. 
Woodruff,  Walter  B. 
Young,  William 


COMMITTEE  ON  BUILDING  AND 
CONSTRUCTION 

SUPERVISORY  POWERS 

CONSERVATION  of  building  materials,  labor  and  other 
factors  in  construction  work  was  early  made  manifest 
as  a  part  of  the  war  program  of  the  United  States.  Demands 
made  by  the  ship-building  yards,  munition  plants  and  in  a 
thousand  other  directions  rendered  it  imperative  that  no  un- 
necessary erection  of  buildings  or  other  public  or  private  work 
should  be  permitted  to  lessen  by  any  means  the  full  striking 
power  of  America  against  its  enemies. 

As  a  logical  sequence,  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National 
Defense  was  indicated  by  the  War  Industries  Board  at  Wash- 
ington as  the  supervisory  power  for  New  York  City.  The 
building  censorship  thus  established  began  its  operations 
promptly  and  effectively  in  harmony  with  the  resolution  which 
had  been  unanimously  adopted  by  the  War  Industries  Board, 
as  follows: 

Whereas,  It  has  come  to  the  notice  of  this  Board  that  new  industrial 
corporations  are  being  organized  in  diflferent  sections  of  the  United 
States  for  the  erection  of  industrial  plants  which  cannot  be  utilized 
in  the  prosecution  of  the  war;  and 

Whereas,  Plans  are  being  considered  by  certain  States,  counties, 
cities,  and  towns  for  the  construction  of  public  buildings  and  other 
improvements  which  will  not  contribute  towards  winning  the  war; 
and 

Whereas,  The  carrying  forward  of  these  activities  will  involve  the 
utilization  of  labor,  materials,  and  capital  urgently  required  for  war 
purposes :  now,  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  by  the  War  Industries  Board,  That  in  the  public  interest 
all  new  undertakings  not  essential  to  and  not  contributing  either 
directly  or  indirectly  towards  winning  the  war,  which  involve  the 
utilization  of  labor,  material,  and  capital  required  in  the  production, 

14^ 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


supply,  or  distribution  of  direct  or  indirect  war  needs  will  be  dis- 
couraged, notwithstanding  they  may  be  of  local  importance  and  of  a 
character  which  should  in  normal  times  meet  with  every  encourage- 
ment; and  be  it  further 

Resolved.  That  in  fairness  to  those  interested  therein,  notice  is 
hereby  given  that  this  board  will  withhold  from  such  projects  priority 
assistance,  without  which  new  construction  of  the  character  men- 
tioned will  frequently  be  found  impracticable,  and  that  this  notice 
shall  be  given  wide  publicity,  that  all  parties  interested  in  such  un- 
dertakings may  be  fully  apprised  of  the  difficulties  and  delays  to 
which  they  will  be  subjected  and  embark  upon  them  at  their  peril. 

PLEDGES  OF  CO-OPERATION 

Since  that  time  the  manufacturers  of  the  principal  building  mate- 
rials, including  paving  brick,  face  brick,  common  brick,  hollow  tile, 
cement,  and  lime,  have  agreed  to  co-operate  with  the  War  Industries 
Board  in  carrying  into  effect  the  spirit  of  the  foregoing  resolution, 
and  the  individual  manufacturers  have  signed  and  filed  with  the 
Priorities  Division  pledges  in  writing  substantially  as  follows: 

The  undersigned  hereby  pledges  itself  not  to  use,  nor  as  far  as 
lies  within  its  power  permit  to  be  used,  any  products  of  its  manu- 
facture now  in,  or  which  may  hereafter  come  into,  its  possession  or 
control,  save  (a)  for  essential  uses,  as  that  term  has  been  or  may  be 
defined  or  applied  from  time  to  time  by  the  Priorities  Division  of 
the  War  Industries  Board,  or  (b)  under  permits  in  writing  signed 
by  or  under  authority  of  such  Priorities  Division;  that  it  will  make 
no  sale  or  delivery  of  such  products  to  any  customer  for  resale 
until  such  customer  has  filed  with  it  a  similar  pledge  in  writing, 
and  that  it  will  use  its  utmost  endeavor  to  insure  that  its  products 
shall  be  distributed  solely  for  essential  uses. 

Similar  pledges  are  exacted  by  manufacturers  from  their  customers 
who  purchase  for  resale. 

That  all  interested  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  building  mate- 
rials, as  well  as  those  interested  in  building  projects  of  every  char- 
acter, may  have  a  clear  definition  of  or  a  ready  means  of  ascertaining 
the  uses  to  which  such  materials  may  be  put,  and  be  advised  of  build- 
ing projects  which  may  be  prosecuted  during  the  war  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  War  Industries  Board,  this  circular  is  issued. 

Structures,  roads,  or  other  construction  projects  falling  within  the 
following  classifications  are  hereby  approved,  and  no  permits  or 
licenses  will  be  required  therefor: 

(i)  After  having  first  been  cleared  and  approved  by  the  War  In- 
dustries Board,  those  undertaken  directly  by  or  under  contract  with 
the  War  Department  or  the  Navy  Department  of  the  United  States 
or  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation, 
the  Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation  of  the  United 

142-2 


COMMITTEE  ON  BUILDING  AND  CONSTRUCTION 


States  Department  of  Labor,  or  the  United  States  Housing  Corpora- 
tion. 

(2)  Repairs  of  or  extensions  to  existing  buildings  involving  in  the 
aggregate  a  cost  not  exceeding  tvventy-five  hundred  dollars  ($2,500). 

(3)  Roadways,  buildings,  and  other  structures  undertaken  by  or 
under  contract  with  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration,  or  a 
railroad  operated  by  such  administration. 

(4)  Those  directly  connected  with  mines  producing  coal,  metals, 
and  ferro-alloy  minerals;  and 

(5)  Public  highway  improvements  and  street  pavements  when  ex- 
pressly approved  in  writing  by  the  United  States  Highways  Council. 

No  building  project  not  falling  within  one  of  the  foregoing  classes 
shall  be  undertaken  without  a  permit  in  writing  issued  by  or  under 
the  authority  of  the  Chief  of  the  Non-War  Construction  Section  of 
the  Priorities  Division  of  the  War  Industries  Board. 

Should  one  contemplating  building  conceive  his  proposed  project 
to  be  in  the  public  interest  or  of  such  essentiality  that  under  existing 
conditions  it  should  not  be  deferred,  then  he  will  make  a  full  state- 
ment of  the  facts  in  writing,  under  oath,  and  present  same  to  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense,  applying  for  their  approval 
of  the  proposed  construction.  Should  the  Committee  approve  the 
construction  project,  they  will  promptly  transmit  the  application, 
stating  clearly  and  fully  their  reason  for  approving  same,  and  will 
transmit  it  to  the  Chief  of  the  Non-War  Construction  Section  of  the 
Priorities  Division  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  Washington,  D.  C, 
for  consideration,  if  need  be,  further  investigation,  and  final  decision. 
Should  the  application  be  finally  approved  by  the  Priorities  Division 
a  construction  permit  will  issue  which  will  constitute  a  warrant  to 
manufacturers  and  dealers  who  have  taken  the  pledges  of  co-operation 
above  mentioned  to  sell  and  deliver  building  materials  required  in 
the  construction  of  the  licensed  building  project. 


WAR'S  IMPERATIVE  DEMANDS 

While  it  is  not  the  policy  of  the  Government  to  unnecessarily  inter- 
fere with  any  legitimate  business,  industry,  or  construction  project, 
it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  is  an  imperative  and  constantly 
increasing  demand  for  labor,  material,  and  capital  for  the  production 
and  distribution  of  direct  and  indirect  war  needs  to  satisfy  which 
much  non-war  construction  must  be  deferred.  A  full  realization  of 
this  fact  by  all  loyal  and  patriotic  citizens,  including  State  and 
municipal  authorities,  is  all  that  is  required  to  postpone  such  con- 
struction activities  as  interfere  with  the  war  program.  The  construc- 
tion projects  which  must  now  be  deferred  may  be  undertaken  when 
we  shall  have  won  the  war,  and  will  then  furnish  employment  to  the 
returning  artisan  now  on  the  battle-front  as  well  as  those  who  will 
then  be  released  by  strictly  war  industries. 

Us] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Circular  No.  21  issued  by  the  Priorities  Division  of  the  War  Indus- 
tries Board  under  date  of  September  3,  191 8,  dealing  with  non-war 
construction,  applies  only  to  projected  buildings  and  not  to  those 
already  begun.  Where  a  substantial  portion  of  a  building  has  already 
been  constructed,  manufacturers  and  distributors  of  and  dealers  in 
building  materials  may  continue  to  furnish  such  materials  for  the 
completion  of  such  building,  pending  further  action  by  the  War  In- 
dustries Board.  The  local  representatives  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense  are  requested  to  make  surveys  of  all  building  activities  in 
their  respective  territories  and  report  same  as  promptly  as  possible, 
together  with  their  recommendations  concerning  the  necessity  for  the 
continuance  of  such  construction  or  deferring  same  until  after  the  war. 

A  PATRIOTIC  RESPONSE 

Although  there  was  nearly  1 100,000,000  worth  of  building  con- 
struction in  contemplation  in  this  city,  and  ready  to  proceed 
upon  the  receipt  of  permits  from  proper  authorities,  the  ten- 
dency of  the  trade  was  expressed  as  being  ready  to  defer  all 
kinds  of  building  that  could  possibly  wait  until  the  opening  of 
the  building  season  in  the  spring  of  19 19.  The  trade  was  in- 
clined to  believe  that  the  near  future  would  develop  such  radical 
changes  for  the  better  in  relation  to  the  Government's  construc- 
tion program  that  it  would  be  possible  to  have  higher  expecta- 
tions in  the  matter  of  consideration  at  the  hands  of  the  building 
censors  after  the  turn  of  the  year. 

Architects  also  in  the  meantime  were  working  over  their 
plans  to  eliminate  steel  wherever  possible,  but  operations  that 
could  not  wait  were  to  be  placed  before  the  Committee  for  per- 
mits to  proceed  at  once.  There  was  reported  to  be  a  great 
quantity  of  this  kind  of  work  that  would  come  up  on  applica- 
tion before  the  Mayor's  Committee,  including  possible  work  of 
larger  caliber  than  had  prevailed  in  private  construction  reports 
for  some  time.  The  building  trades  of  this  city,  in  meeting  the 
requirements  of  the  Federal  war  program,  showed  at  once  a 
most  generous  spirit  of  individual  sacrifice  and  collective 
patriotism. 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  FINANCE 


This  Committee  is  empowered  to  deal  with  the  protec- 
tion of  New  York's  interests  in  finance,  equitable 
taxation,  and  the  stabilization  of  all  mat- 
ters affecting  the  City's  revenues. 

Louis  G.  Kaufman 
Chairman 

A.  Barton  Hepburn 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Baker,  Geo.  F. 
Demorest,  William  Curtis 
DuRANT,  William  C. 
Heinz,  Thomas  W. 


MiLBURN,  John  G. 
Sabin,  Charles  H. 
Seligman,  Henry 
Stetson,  Francis  Lynde 


MEMBERS 


Appleton,  Francis  R.,  Jr. 
Baldwin,  L.  E. 
Baylies,  Edmund  L. 
Bertron,  S.  Reading 
Black,  John  A. 
BoNBRiGHT,  William  P. 
Brown,  Willard  S. 
Butler,  William  Allen 
Carew,  Hon.  John  F. 
Cavanagh,  John  G. 
Clews,  Henry 
Cowles,  Russell  A. 
Cram,  J.  Sergeant 
Cullen,  Edgar  M. 
Daniels,  C.  C. 
Day,  Joseph  P. 
Degnon,  Michael 
DoNEGAN,  Nicolas  T. 
duPont,  Coleman 
Erlanger,  Abraham 
Fahnestock,  William 
Fletcher,  Andrew 
Francolini,  Joseph  N. 
Gillespie,  Lawrence  L. 
Gould,  Geo.  J. 


Griscom,  Clement  Acton 
Gwathmey,  J.  Temple 
Harriss,  Dr.  John  A. 
Hayden,  Charles 
Jennings,  Walter 
Jourdan,  Franklin  B. 
Kruttschnitt,  J. 
Lydecker,  Charles  E. 
McRoberts,  Samuel 
Marsden,  R.  L. 
MoRAWETz,  Victor 
O'Brien,  John  F. 
Oswald,  John  Clyde 
PuRDY,  Lawson 
Robinson,  Douglas 
Sachs,  Mayer 
Saxe,  John  G. 
ScHiFF,  Mortimer  L. 
Sinclair,  H.  F. 
Speyer,  James 
Straus,  Oscar  S. 
Sturcis,  Frank  K. 
Sullivan,  Florence  J. 
TiLFORD,  Frank 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  FINANCE 

3W 


PATRIOTISM  AND  SELF-PROTECTION 

THERE  exists  a  dual  question  in  the  relationship  of  muni- 
cipal to  Federal  finance.  This  question  the  Mayor's 
Committee  on  National  Defense  has  endeavored  to  meet  in  a 
broad  aspect  by  an  academic  but  practical  treatment  of  the 
subject  as  aflfecting  Greater  New  York.  At  the  same  time  con- 
sideration is  given  to  the  larger  question  of  supporting  ade- 
quately the  Federal  Government  in  connection  with  the  greater 
financial  burdens  thrust  upon  the  City  by  reason  of  the  war. 

The  whole  question  and  consideration  of  Federal  duties  and 
governmental  support,  in  so  far  as  the  City  is  concerned,  has 
been  given  unremitting  study  in  connection  with  the  various 
Liberty  Loans  and  other  demands  which  have  been  made  from 
the  superior  source.  There  is  no  doubt  that  New  York  has  the 
ability  and  willing  spirit  to  continue  to  make  its  proper  and 
proportionate  contribution  of  finances  for  the  successful  con- 
duct of  the  war  as  well  as  the  great  demands  for  readjustment 
in  our  country  and  the  reconstruction  abroad  which  inevitably 
will  follow  the  cessation  of  hostilities.  For  the  service  aim  of 
the  Committee  on  Civic  Finance  is  to  arrive  at  a  perhaps  more 
equitable  basis  of  support  in  connection  with  these  demands. 
X'aried  points  of  view  must  be  considered  and  the  widest  practi- 
cal vision  is  obviously  necessary  for  the  successful  continuance 
of  the  great  industries  upon  which  the  prosperity  of  New  York 
Cit\'  is  founded. 

Taxation — city.  State  and  national — is  now  so  burdensome 
that  the  whole  question  is  being  studied  by  this  section  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  to  arrive  at  a  more  scientific  basis,  if  pos- 
sible. In  many  cases  the  theory  of  taxation  as  affecting  the 
City's  interest  results  unintentionally  in  inequalities;  and  there- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


fore  the  object  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  to  determine 
whether  the  burden  of  taxation  cannot  be  more  equitably 
applied. 

EQUITABLE  IMPOSITIONS 

With  the  most  economical  administration.  New  York  City 
taxes  are  notably  high,  and  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  to  assist  in  arriving  at  a  more  equitable  scale  of 
imposition  to  relieve  the  conditions  which  at  the  present  time 
are  inevitably  burdensome.  The  general  question  of  taxation 
is  of  course  covered  by  the  official  Bureau  of  Taxation,  but  vari- 
ous questions  not  within  the  scope  of  such  a  bureau  arise  by 
reason  of  the  abnormal  demands  brought  about  by  the  war. 

It  has  been  observed  that  both  the  National  and  State  gov- 
ernments have  shown  a  disposition  to  cast  a  large  proportion 
of  the  burden  of  taxation  upon  the  cities.  This  is  done  on  the 
general  theory  that  the  major  portion  of  the  wealth  of  the 
country  is  centered  in  cities  and  that  it  is  proper  they  should 
bear  the  major  burdens  of  taxation. 

It  is  admitted  that  this  may  in  a  sense  be  proper,  so  far  as 
personal  taxation  is  concerned,  but  manifestly  unjust  as  affect- 
ing municipal  rights. 

The  Committee  on  Civic  Finance,  therefore,  takes  up  on  be- 
half of  the  people  of  the  City  of  New  York  all  questions  of 
taxation  as  affecting  the  city,  to  determine  whether  or  not 
the  burden  is  properly  applied,  and  to  resist  all  attempts  at 
improper  taxation. 

Taxation  is  always  a  complex  subject,  and  cannot  by  its 
nature  be  treated  as  an  exact  science.  It  is  a  confusing  matter 
to  the  best  experts,  and  of  late  it  has  taken  on  a  more  im- 
portant and  serious  aspect  by  reason  of  the  new  and  larger 
scope  of  taxation  imposed  by  the  Federal  Government  in  carry- 
ing out  its  war  program  and  post-war  plans. 

AN  "A,  B,  C  OF  TAXATION" 

An  "A,  B,  C  of  Taxation"  has  been  in  contemplation  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee  and  affiliated  organizations.   There  seems 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  FINANCE 


to  be  a  great  need  for  useful  information  in  small  pamphlets 
and  popular  presentation  of  the  tax  regulations  of  New  York 
City,  embodying  excerpts  from  the  laws  of  the  State  and 
Nation  affecting  the  citizens  of  New  York.  The  need  for  such 
a  pamphlet  in  popular  form  has  been  shown  recently  by  the 
abuses  which  have  been  brought  to  the  public  notice  in  con- 
nection with  tax  lien  matters,  whereby  even  those  who  are 
serving  under  the  colors  of  their  country  abroad  have  been  in 
danger  of  losing  their  property  by  reason  of  tax  sales.  In- 
vestigation by  prominent  authorities  is  under  way,  and  it  is 
anticipated  that  the  present  unsatisfactory  position  regarding 
tax  matters  will  be  taken  under  revision. 

Aside  from  a  popular  presentation,  the  present  tax  rate  and 
further  improvements  required  to  keep  pace  with  the  progress 
demanded  for  the  stabilization  of  property  interests  within  the 
City  involve  the  question  of  an  analysis  of  all  laws,  the  City 
Charter,  and  other  measures  as  affecting  City  finances,  so  that, 
if  necessary,  obsolete  laws  may  be  dealt  with  and  revoked. 

LABOR  AND  FINANCE 

New  sources  of  city  revenue  are  engaging  the  study  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  of  many  other  experts  in 
budget-making.  Practical  reports  on  the  requirements  of  re- 
construction finance,  and  what  must  be  done  to  meet  these 
enlarged  demands,  are  in  preparation  in  various  quarters,  and 
to  New  York  City  belongs  the  credit  of  having  first  issued  the 
findings  of  such  investigations. 

Two  theories  are  in  circulation  as  to  the  effect  which  the  close 
of  the  war  is  to  have.  In  America  there  is  a  considerable  body 
of  public  opinion  which  predicts  a  slump,  whereas  in  the  British 
Isles,  for  instance,  many  people  are  convinced  that  the  war  is 
to  be  succeeded  by  a  period  of  immensely  widened  industrial 
and  commercial  activity. 

It  is  believed  by  the  British  that  a  readjustment  of  labor 
conditions  will  be  necessary.  Previous  to  the  amazingly  patri- 
otic way  in  which  labor  has  responded  to  the  urgent  needs  of  the 

l49l 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


war,  production  in  the  British  Isles  had  been  cut  down,  because 
of  a  "ca'-canny" — a  Scottish  word  indicating  that  workers  ap- 
plied themselves  either  with  speed  or  with  slackness,  accord- 
ing to  the  amount  of  money  they  could  earn. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  financial  prosperity  of  New  York  must 
depend  in  large  part  upon  labor  conditions;  and  upon  this,  as 
upon  other  phases  of  the  City's  financial  stability,  the  Mayor's 
Committee  is  bestowing  great  care. 

SANE  FINANCE 

This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  the  questions  relating  to 
the  finances  of  the  City  which  are  administered  by  the  compe- 
tent authorities.  These  functionaries  generally  apply  existing 
laws  wisely;  but  the  pressure  of  their  duties  permits  them  no 
time  in  which  to  suggest  or  incorporate  new  ideas  or  to  apply 
the  principles  of  economic  finance  to  the  problems  which  arise. 
The  immense  growth  of  the  City  and  its  further  development 
make  it  necessary  that  the  questions  of  civic  finance  should  re- 
ceive consideration  so  that  the  principles  to  be  observed,  as 
well  as  the  application  of  those  principles,  may  be  determined. 

Sane  finance  in  coping  with  the  increased  municipal  require- 
ments brought  about  by  the  added  demands  from  the  war, 
is  an  additional  reason  why  these  matters  necessarily  are  placed 
in  the  special  care  of  a  Committee  whose  individual  members 
have  had  a  wide  experience  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  munici- 
pal finance,  industrial  banking,  the  labor  situation  and  other 
questions  which  apparently  are  to  be  acute  at  the  close  of 
hostilities. 

The  conversion  of  factories  for  doing  peace-time  work  in 
war  time,  and  of  war-time  work  when  peace  has  come,  is  a  factor 
in  the  situation  which  is  being  specially  studied.  Included  in 
this  subject  is  the  great  need  for  additional  facilities  for  bank- 
ing credits  for  established  industries.  In  other  words,  the 
Committee  on  Civic  Finance,  while  having  cognizance  of  all 
matters  and  elements  which  are  to  be  considered  for  the  continu- 
ation and  solidification  of  civic  finance  of  the  City,  has  neces- 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  FINANCE 


sarily  taken  note  of  the  transitions  brought  about  by  the  war. 
The  change  from  peace-time  finance  to  the  seemingly  inordinate 
demands  of  the  Federal  Government  upon  the  City's  tax  rais- 
ing abilities  is  a  question  of  most  serious  concern  for  the  City, 
and  consequently  is  a  concern  of  this  Committee.  Income  tax 
and  mounting  industrial  imposts  necessarily  have  a  bearing 
upon  the  protective  interests  exercised  by  the  Committee. 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  affect- 
ing New  York  City  relating  to  Civil  Govern- 
ment and  the  rights  and  privileges  of  citi- 
zens; and  as  regards  charitable  and 
reformatory  questions  arising 
out  of  the  present  war. 


Mortimer  L.  Schiff 
Chairman 

Charles  D.  Hilles 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Battle,  George  Gordon 
Chandler,  H.  A.  E. 
Dike,  Judge  Norman  S. 
Lindsay,  John  D. 


Lindsay,  Samuel  McCune 
O'Keefe,  John  G. 
Price,  W.  W. 
PuLLEYN,  John  J. 


MEMBERS 


Ball,. Alfred  J. 

Barbour,  W.  Warren 

Bernard,  The  Very  Rev.  Father 

Boyle,  James  F. 

Brent,  Henry  Kelly 

Carter,  R.  A. 

Clark,  Appleton  L. 

Cobb,  Judge  W.  Bruce 

Collins,  Judge  Cornelius  F. 

Dalton,  William  A. 

Enelow,  Rabbi  Hyman  G. 

Calvin,  John  F. 

Coddell,  Rev.  C.  L. 

Gould,  Edwin 

Griffin,  Daniel  J. 

Hadden,  George 

Hammer,  Ernest  E.  L. 

HiNES,  William  A. 

Hoyt,  Judge  Franklin  C. 

James,  Arthur  Curtiss 


Jasper,  William  H. 
juilliard,  a.  d. 
Kearns,  B.  T. 
Kennelly,  Bryan  L. 
Kephart,  Rev.  William  H. 
McAvoY,  Thomas  F. 
McGean,  Rt.  Rev.  James  H. 
MacLean,  Andrew 
Morris,  Dave  H. 
Morse,  Anthony  W. 
Myrick,  Julian  S. 

NiSSEN,  LUDWIG 

O'Brien,  John  H. 
Outerbridge,  E.  H. 
Rayens,  Michael  W. 
Reiss,  Morris  D. 
Riley,  Thomas  J. 
Ryan,  Judge  Morgan  M.  L. 
Van  de  Water,  Rev.  George  R. 
Weinstock,  Leon  C. 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 

IMPENDING  CIVIC  CHANGES 

THE  war  has  brought  about  immense  changes;  it  has  created 
new  conditions;  it  has  stirred  into  activity  many  ques- 
tions heretofore  dormant;  it  has  brought  out  the  good  and  like- 
wise the  bad  in  mankind.  It  has  excited  loyalty  and  patriot- 
ism, as  also  vicious  antagonism  and  all  the  destructive  elements 
found  in  humanity.  It  is  believed  by  those  who  have  consid- 
ered the  subject,  that  many  important  changes  will  take  place  in 
the  government  of  cities. 

The  problem  of  handling  the  seven  millions  of  people  of 
Greater  New  York  so  as  to  insure  order  and  conduce  to  their 
happiness,  is  one  that  immediately  appeals  for  serious  consider- 
ation and  wise  counsel. 

This  statement  is  made  only  as  a  suggestion  of  what  may  be 
looked  for  in  the  future,  with  the  hope  that  the  condition  will 
be  recognized  and  proper  measures  taken  to  insure  adequate 
government  and  relief.  The  subject  is  so  large  that  it  cannot 
be  here  outlined  and  must  be  developed  by  the  City  as  a  whole. 

COMMUNITY  COUNCILS  AND  WAR 

To  meet  the  immediate  need,  efforts  at  community  betterment 
on  a  scale  never  even  heretofore  planned  are  being  carried  on 
from  the  Hall  of  Records  as  the  centre  of  activities  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Civic  Problems.  Many  civic  interests  are  being 
served  through  this  section,  but,  by  the  limitations  of  space,  two 
major  operations  only  will  be  mentioned  in  any  detail  here. 

The  first  sizable  piece  of  constructive  work  which  was  un- 
dertaken by  the  Committee  was  in  connection  with  community 

n553 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


councils  as  a  means  whereby  the  work  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee can  be  carried  out  into  the  immediate  community.  This 
work  was  taken  up  in  April,  1918.  President  Wilson  on  March 
13th  had  issued  an  appeal  for  communal  service,  and  as  the 
recognized  New  York  unit  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense 
at  Washington,  the  Mayor's  Committee  promptly  entered  upon 
the  gigantic  task  of  carrying  out  the  Federal  program. 

In  the  words  of  the  Council  at  Washington:  "The  successful 
conduct  of  the  war  rests  entirely  upon  the  development  of  pub- 
lic opinion  in  the  spirit  of  the  war  to  the  highest  possible  degree, 
and  there  is  no  form  of  organization  which  can  reach  every 
member  of  the  community  as  can  the  community  councils. 
The  people  of  New  York  will  look  to  the  Mayor's  Committee 
as  to  no  other  body  for  direction  in  this  work.  They  are  the 
official  war  body  for  your  city  and  the  only  organization  around 
which  every  agency  can  be  gathered.  .  .  .  Prompt  action  is 
necessary  as  the  work  is  great  and  of  far  reaching  importance, 
and  unless  a  common  leadership  is  established  which  all  may 
follow  there  is  great  danger  that  many  agencies  will  proceed 
upon  their  own  initiative,  which  will  greatly  impair  the  effi- 
ciency and  intelligence  of  this  work." 

ADAPTING  JHE  FEDERAL  PROGRAM 

A  SERIES  of  conferences  with  practical  social  workers  and  prom- 
inent residents  of  the  City  interested  in  civic  betterment  was 
immediately  entered  upon  to  determine  what  could  be  done  to 
give  effect  to  the  Washington  program  for  civilian  war  serv- 
ice. A  special  committee  was  appointed  to  work  out  a  practical 
plan  for  the  co-ordination  of  war  work  and  the  development  of 
community  councils  in  New  York  City. 

The  results  of  the  preliminary  survey  were  presented  before  a 
largely  attended  conference  at  the  City  Hall  on  June  loth.  The 
findings  of  the  special  sub-committee  were  then  presented  in  the 
following  report: 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


A  PLAN  OF  CO-ORDINATING  WAR  WORK  AND 
DEVELOPING  COMMUNITY  COUNCILS 
IN  NEW  YORK  CITY 

I.  ORIGIN  OF  THE  FLAN 

Upon  the  basis  of  the  President's  letter  and  at  the  urgent  suggestion 
of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  the  Committee  on  Civic  Problems 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  called  a  meeting  on 
April  26  to  ascertain  whether  it  was  the  opinion  of  those  now  en- 
gaged in  war  work  in  New  York  City  that  the  Mayor's  Committee 
could  render  service  along  the  lines  indicated  in  President  Wilson's 
letter. 

At  this  meeting,  to  which  some  forty  representatives  from  various 
organizations  were  invited,  it  appeared  to  be  the  unanimous  opinion 
of  those  present  that  the  Mayor's  Committee  should  assume  leader- 
ship in  this  work.  A  committee  of  eight  was  appointed  to  consider 
what  should  be  the  scheme  of  organization  for  carrying  the  Govern- 
ment's war  program  into  every  community.  Furthermore,  this  Com- 
mittee was  instructed  to  draw  up  plans  for  a  larger  conference  to 
which  the  scheme  of  organization  should  be  presented.  The  com- 
mittee of  eight  presents  the  following  report: 

II.  BASIS  OF  THE  PLAN 

The  attention  of  the  Committee  was  at  once  directed  to  the  letter 
of  President  Wilson  and  to  the  memoranda  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense  laying  down  the  basis  of  the  work  and  the  general  plan  of 
procedure.  These  communications  strongly  urge  the  need  of  a 
"fusion  of  energies  now  too  much  scattered"  and  the  necessity  of  ex- 
tending present  activities  to  communities  not  yet  properly  organized. 
The  program  laid  down  calls  specifically  for: 

1.  The  organization  of  the  entire  community  in  support  of  the 
war  through  the  means  of  community  councils. 

2.  The  "centralization  and  correlation  of  the  war  work  of  all  or- 
ganizations." 

The  problem  is,  therefore,  clearly  one  of  co-ordination  of  existing 
efforts,  and  the  development  of  machinery  for  carrying  the  Govern- 
ment's program  into  every  community. 

111.  INVESTIGATION 

Before  the  plan  of  co-ordination  could  be  developed,  it  was 
obviously  necessary  to  know  what  was  to  be  co-ordinated.  The 
Committee,  therefore,  at  once  got  into  touch  with  the  principal  or- 

l57l 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ganizations  now  doing  war  work  in  New  York  City  and  made  an  in- 
vestigation as  to: 

1.  The  agencies  now  engaged  in  war  work,  the  types  and  scope  of 
work  now  being  carried  on  by  each,  and  the  plans  for  further 
extension. 

2.  The  possibility  of  co-ordinating  existing  efforts  in  New  York 
City  and  the  plans  that  could  be  most  easily  adjusted  to  the 
work  already  under  way. 


IV.  FINDINGS 

The  findings  of  the  Committee  are  of  the  most  complex  nature,  and 
are  very  difficult  to  summarize  in  a  few  words.  The  following,  how- 
ever, present  the  most  essential  facts: 

1.  There  is  already  under  way  an  amount  of  war  work  that  is  little 
short  of  amazing.  More  than  i,ooo  organizations  have  been  listed  as 
engaged  in  war  work  in  this  city.  Some  of  these  agencies  are  thor- 
oughly organized  and  have  under  way  extensive  programs  which  are 
being  carried  out  with  a  high  degree  of  efficiency.  Some  are  devoted 
to  a  single  line  of  endeavor,  while  others  are  attempting  to  carry  out 
from  two  to  ten  or  more  separate  programs. 

2.  While  in  numerous  cases  agencies  are  co-ordinating  in  special 
work,  no  general  plan  of  co-ordination  has  been  developed,  and  in 
fact  in  no  one  place  have  we  been  able  to  find  a  classified  statement 
of  the  activities  of  even  the  principal  organizations  along  functional 
lines. 

3.  From  the  territorial  point  of  view,  we  find  some  communities 
very  successfully  organized  for  carrying  out  various  types  of  work, 
while  other  communities  are  very  backward  and  have  responded  very 
faintly  to  some  of  the  more  important  sides  of  the  war  program. 

4.  Concerning  the  organization  plans  upon  which  the  various 
agencies  are  developing  their  work,  we  also  find  much  variety.  Some 
agencies  attempt  to  carry  out  a  single  program.  Other  agencies  are 
attempting  to  carry  out  within  a  restricted  area  several  types  of  work 
along  functional  lines,  and  still  others  are  endeavoring  to  efi^ect  an 
organization  based  upon  the  general  community  council  plan. 

5.  Concerning  the  attitude  of  the  agencies  now  engaged  in  war 
work  toward  the  suggestion  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  that 
the  Mayor's  Committee  should  assume  leadership  in  the  matter  of 
developing  community  councils  and  co-ordinating  existing  efforts, 
the  Committee  finds  a  most  promising  spirit.  It  appears  to  be  the 
strong  conviction  of  many  of  those  consulted  that  there  is  urgent 
need  for  co-ordination  and  that  the  lead  should  be  undertaken  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee. 

6.  The  Committee  also  finds  that  an  important  number  of  societies 
not  now  engaged  in  war  work  are  ready  to  co-operate,  not  to  mention 

n583 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


the  thousands  of  individuals  who  are  eager  to  join  an  organized  effort 
for  community  support  of  the  war. 

V.  DISTINCT  TYPES  OF  WORK  CONTEMPLATED 

Concerning  the  correct  plan  for  co-ordinating  the  work  in  each 
community,  however,  there  exists  a  wide  difference  of  opinion.  An 
examination  of  the  various  plans,  however,  in  the  light  of  the  facts 
presented  to  the  Committee  convinces  us  that  there  is  nothing  essen- 
tially contradictory  among  these  plans,  but  that  each  is  suggested 
with  a  view  to  placing  emphasis  upon  a  separate  phase  of  the  work. 
In  this  connection  the  information  presented  to  the  Committee  clearly 
indicates  that  there  are  tvvo  distinct  types  of  work  to  be  done  and 
that  each  type  calls  for  a  distinct  form  of  organization.  Further- 
more, a  re-examination  of  the  proposals  of  the  President  together 
with  the  memoranda  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  clearly  in- 
dicates that  each  has  in  mind  these  same  two  distinct  types  of  work. 

By  dealing  with  each  type  separately  it  is  believed  that  we  may 
remove  nearly  all  elements  of  confusion  and  conflict  and  in  a  large 
measure  accomplish  what  each  of  the  various  groups  has  in  mind. 

The  first  type  of  work  contemplates  the  organization  of  every 
locality  upon  the  community  council  plan,  the  special  function  being 
"to  enlist  and  maintain  the  enthusiasm  and  support  of  every  indi- 
vidual back  of  the  war." 

Such  community  organizations  would  handle  the  work  of  extending 
propaganda  through  mass  meetings,  patriotic  parades,  house-to-house 
canvasses,  etc.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  they  would  undertake 
any  particular  work  that  might  have  special  local  importance. 

For  the  development  of  this  community  council  work  there  is  a 
popular  demand  of  great  strength;  an  enthusiastic  group  is  ready  to 
support  it;  it  has  the  approval  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
and  the  urgent  backing  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  and,  in 
fact,  it  is  already  partly  organized  in  some  localities.  It  should  be 
pushed  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  every  aid  from  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee on  National  Defense  should  be  given  to  it. 

However,  community  councils  organized  on  the  democratic  basis 
cannot  be  expected  to  accomplish  all  that  is  necessary  to  carry  out 
the  entire  program  of  co-ordination  desired  by  the  President  and  the 
Council  of  National  Defense.  Democratic  organization  from  the 
ground  up  has  not  proved  the  most  efficient  method  of  obtaining 
quick  action  where  great  administrative  problems  must  be  summarily 
■  dealt  with.  The  whole  history  of  the  war  in  democratic  countries  has 
shown  conclusively  that  rapid  and  effective  administration  demands 
centralization  of  administrative  programs,  and  organization  from 
the  top  down.  Moreover,  it  is  the  belief  of  many  of  those  who  have 
had  the  longest  experience  in  social  work  and  community  organization 
in  New  York  City  that  effective  machinery  for  administration 


1:59: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


through  the  means  of  community  councils  cannot  be  developed 
with  sufficient  rapidity  to  carry  out  all  of  the  emergency  plans  of 
the  present  war  program. 

The  second  type  of  work  included  in  Washington's  programs  con- 
templates the  construction  of  a  co-ordinating  machinery  which  will 
not  only  harmonize  existing  efforts,  but  will  provide  the  means  for 
concerted  administrative  action  in  carrying  out  future  war  programs. 
It  is  essentially  executive  and  administrative  in  character.  It  has  to 
do  with  the  co-ordination  of  existing  work,  the  formulation  of  plans 
for  the  execution  of  definite  programs  involving  more  or  less  technical 
knowledge  and  the  carrying  out  of  these  plans  through  the  means  of 
trained  assistants. 

To  accomplish  this  second  type  of  work,  therefore,  the  community 
council  plan  should  be  supplemented  with  a  more  direct  plan  of  organ- 
ization that  can  be  immediately  established  at  the  head  of  the  work 
and  that  will  establish  immediate  contact  between  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  at  Washington  and  the  central  organizations  already 
at  work  in  the  various  fields  of  the  war  program. 

As  a  basis  upon  which  the  second  plan  should  be  carried  out,  the 
Committee  presents  the  following  conclusions: 

1.  Utilization  of  Existing  Organizations.  To  avoid  duplica- 
tion of  work  now  being  done  as  well  as  to  obtain  the  organization  and 
personnel  necessary  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  vast  program  pro- 
posed by  the  President  and  the  Council  of  National  Defense  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  that  the  work  planned  by  the  Mayor's  Commit- 
tee be  done  for  the  most  part  by  and  through  those  already  engaged 
in  war  work. 

2.  Small  Executive  Committee.  In  order  to  obtain  quick  ac- 
tion, it  is  necessary  to  have  a  small  executive  committee  which  can 
turn  the  Government's  plans  over  directly  to  those  who  must  carry 
them  out. 

3.  Functional  Organization.  The  program  of  work  is  too  vast 
and  the  kinds  of  work  too  numerous  to  be  dealt  with  quickly  and 
adequately  by  one  group.  This  statement  is  true  both  of  central 
organization  and  local  organization.  The  Executive  Committee  must, 
therefore,  work  through  independent  sections  organized  along  func- 
tional lines,  and  these  central  sections  must  be  able  to  deal  directly 
with  those  in  each  community  qualified  to  do  the  particular  type  of 
work  in  hand. 

4.  Representation  of  All  Interests.  All  those  now  engaged  in 
war  work,  regardless  of  creed,  politics,  or  other  differences,  should  be 
represented  in  the  central  body  that  undertakes  the  general  co-ordina- 
tion of  the  work.  But  as  this  body  would  be  too  large  for  executive 
work,  it  should  be  divided  into  sections,  each  of  which  would  include 
those  individuals  and  representatives  of  organizations  interested  in 
any  special  type  of  work. 


n6o3 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


VI.  PLAN  OF  ORGANIZATION 

It  is  the  belief  of  the  Committee  that  the  two  principal  programs 
above  outlined  can  be  put  into  immediate  operation  by  the  following 
two-fold  plan: 

A.  An  executive-administrative  organization  to  be  appointed  and 
to  act  as  the  central  co-ordinating  group. 

B.  A  democratically  elected  community  council  in  each  locality, 
which  would  send  delegates  to  the  central  co-ordinating  committee. 

A.  The  Central  Co-ordinating  Organization. 

(I)  Executive  Committee: 

To  consist  of  not  exceeding  fifteen  members  in  addition  to  the  fol- 
lowing, who  will  act  ex  officio:  The  President  of  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men, the  City  Chamberlain,  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
the  Chairman  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  the  Director-General,  the 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Civic  Problems. 

(II)  City  Committee  on  the  Co-ordination  of  War  Work. 

1.  To  include: 

(a)  Representatives  from  every  important  agency  now  doing 
war  work. 

(b)  Representatives  of  departments  of  the  City  Government 
concerned  in  war  work. 

(c)  Elected  representatives  from  community  councils,  as  fast 
as  they  may  be  organized,  as  explained  below. 

2.  This  Committee  to  be  divided  into  sections  upon  functional 
lines  as  indicated  immediately  below. 

(III)  Functional  Groups  within  City  Committee  on  Co-ordination. 

1.  Each  group  to  include  all  members  of  the  City  Committee 
representing  agencies  concerned  with  or  engaged  in  the  particular 
type  of  work  in  question. 

2.  Each  functional  group  to  organize  on  whatever  plan  can  be 
adjusted  to  the  work  already  under  way. 

3.  Each  functional  group  to  be  known  as  the  "Central  Co-ordi- 
nating Committee  on  Work." 

4.  Each  functional  group  to  carry  down  the  subdivision  of  its 
organization  to  the  smallest  community  organization  that  is  best 
adapted  to  its  particular  type  of  work  (in  some  cases  this  may  be 
the  school  district,  or  assembly  district,  or  police  precinct,  or  district 
of  the  local  exemption  board).  The  important  thing  is  not  that  all 
types  of  work  should  use  the  same  district  for  purposes  of  administra- 
tion and  co-ordination,  but  that  each  should  cover  the  entire  City  in 
the  way  best  adapted  to  its  particular  work  and  that  it  should  be 
enabled  to  utilize  the  districting  plan  already  effected  in  its  particular 
line  of  work. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


B.  Community  Council  Organization. 

(I)  Essential  Facts. 

The  vast  possibilities  of  this  movement  are  not  to  be  questioned, 
but  opinion  is  divided  as  to  the  proper  size  of  the  community  unit, 
and  as  to  the  best  method  of  organization.  No  less  than  eight  sepa- 
rate systems  of  districting  the  city  have  been  suggested. 

However,  it  does  not  appear  that  the  movement  should  be  held 
back  until  a  uniform  system  of  districting  can  be  agreed  upon.  Nor 
is  it  clear  that  a  uniform  district  is  essential  or  best  adapted  to  the 
closest  community  co-operation.  For  years  community  work  has 
been  done  in  districts  of  varying  sizes,  and  wherever  such  a  district  is 
well  defined  it  would  appear  to  be  the  normal  unit  for  the  community 
council.  At  this  time  the  all-important  consideration  is  that  the 
movement  should  be  given  the  active  backing  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee and  that  community  councils  now  organizing  should  be 
officially  recognized. 

(II)  Immediate  Program. 

1.  Community  councils  to  be  organized  in  each  locality  as  rapidly 
as  possible. 

2.  Each  community  to  determine  its  own  boundaries  and  in  case 
of  serious  overlapping  or  the  omission  of  sections  in  between  commu- 
nities, the  question  to  be  determined  by  conference  of  the  adjacent 
communities  with  the  Executive  Committee. 

3.  The  Executive  Committee  to  be  empowered  to  give  the  official 
recognition  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  to  com- 
munity councils  now  in  process  of  organization,  this  recognition  to 
depend  only  upon  the  two  following  provisions: 

(a)  That  the  community  council  shall  be  open  to  and  repre- 
sentative of  every  resident  and  every  social  activity  within 
the  community. 

(b)  That  it  shall  agree  to  co-operate  in  the  support  of  the 
general  war  program  to  be  carried  out  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee  on  National  Defense  in  conjunction  with  the 
Council  of  National  Defense  at  Washington. 

4.  Until  such  time  as  it  may  be  feasible  to  divide  the  city  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  borough  and  district  councils,  each  commu- 
nity council  shall  be  asked  to  send  delegates  to  the  City  Committee 
on  Co-ordination  of  War  Work,  such  delegations  to  be  apportioned 
roughly  according  to  population. 

5.  The  delegates  from  the  community  councils  serving  as  members 
of  the  City  Committee  on  Co-ordination  of  War  Work  to  act  with 
the  Executive  Committee  and  the  various  functional  groups  in  carry- 
ing out  any  particular  plan  to  be  decided  upon  by  the  City  Com- 
mittee. 

C.  The  Practical  Working  of  the  Two-fold  Plan  may  be  illus- 
trated as  follows: 

n623 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


1.  The  Executive  Committee  on  Co-ordination  will  receive  official 
notice  of  the  work  to  be  done. 

2.  The  Executive  Committee  will  then  call  a  meeting  of  the  par- 
ticular section  of  the  City  Committee  immediately  concerned  with 
this  work.  (As  explained  before,  this  functional  section  will  include 
all  those  members  of  the  City  Committee  that  are  now  engaged  in 
the  particular  tj'pe  of  work,  including  city  officials  and  representa- 
tives of  organizations.) 

3.  This  section,  which  then  constitutes  the  Central  Co-ordinating 

Committee  on  Work,*  will  then  formulate  the  plan  of 

administration  and  proceed  to  carry  out  the  program  through  its  own 
sub-agents  in  each  locality. 

4.  After  the  program  of  action  is  thus  decided  upon,  the  Executive 
Committee  will  call  into  conference  the  delegates  from  the  community 
councils  and  arrange  with  them  to  organize  the  community  in  each 
locality  to  back  up  the  program. 

5.  The  local  community  council  will  then  have  a  meeting  and 
transact  the  following  business: 

(a)  Public  demonstrations  will  be  planned  to  bring  to  the 
entire  community  the  special  work  in  hand. 

(b)  A  committee  of  those  interested  in  this  particular  type  of 
work  will  be  appointed  to  co-operate  directly  with  the 
representatives  of  the  Central  Co-ordinating  Committee 
having  charge  of  that  particular  work  in  that  locality. 

In  summary,  the  plan  of  co-ordination  is  as  follows: 

(a)  The  central  functional  group  composed  of  experts  already  en- 
gaged in  that  line  of  work  formulates  a  plan  of  action  and  proceeds 
to  carry  it  out  immediately  through  its  sub-agencies. 

(b)  The  representatives  of  the  community  councils  in  the  Central 
Committee  also  receive  the  plan  from  the  central  functional  group 
and  carry  it  to  the  local  community  councils. 

(c)  The  local  committees  of  the  community  councils  then  meet  the 
local  representatives  of  the  central  functional  group  and  co-operate 
in  carrying  out  the  details  of  the  plan  in  that  locality. 


VII.  PLAN  FOR  IMMEDIATE  ACTION 

1.  An  Executive  Committee  to  be  appointed. 

2.  This  Executive  Committee  to  proceed  at  once  to  organize  the 
Central  Co-ordinating  Committee  in  each  important  branch  of  war 
work  along  lines  similar  to  those  suggested  in  this  report. 

3.  The  Executive  Committee  at  once  to  recognize  the  community 
councils  which  meet  the  two  conditions  suggested  in  this  report. 

4.  Delegates  from  these  recognized  community  councils  to  take 
their  places  in  the  Central  Co-ordinating  Committee  as  fast  as  elected, 

*  Whatever  work  is  appropriate  to  the  Committee  in  question. 

1:63: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


and  to  be  asked  to  co-operate  in  the  extension  of  the  community  coun- 
cil plan  to  all  localities  not  so  organized. 

USING  EXISTING  AGENCIES 

At  the  City  Hall  conference  it  was  explained  that  to  avoid 
duplication  of  work  now  being  done,  as  well  as  to  obtain  the 
organization  and  personnel  necessary  to  the  vast  program  as 
proposed,  it  is  necessary  that  the  work  planned  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee  be  done  for  the  most  part  by  and  through  those 
already  engaged  in  community  war  work. 

The  conference  unanimously  endorsed  the  plan  of  co-ordina- 
tion as  presented.  A  chairman  and  other  officials  were 
appointed  with  an  executive  committee  of  fifteen  to  inaugurate 
the  plan  for  Greater  New  York.  Details  of  the  organization 
are  now  being  developed  along  independent  lines  by  desire  of 
the  Mayor's  Committee. 

JUVENILE  DELINQUENCY 

War  conditions  have  increased  juvenile  delinquency  to  an 
alarming  extent  in  Europe.  Germany  and  Austria  have  shown 
increases  up  to  370  per  cent.  America  fortunately  has  been 
slow  to  respond  to  the  removal  of  parental  restraints  resulting 
frequently  from  the  absence  on  war  service  of  the  father  and 
the  preoccupations  of  other  adult  members  of  the  family;  but 
the  Committee  on  Civic  Problems  moved  promptly  for  pre- 
ventive measures.  The  Big  Brothers,  Big  Sisters  and  other 
movements  were  co-operated  with  early  and  effectively.  A 
series  of  monthly  conferences  were  held  at  the  Children's  Court 
in  New  York  City,  where  the  testimony  of  magistrates  and 
other  social  workers  tended  to  confirm  the  fear  that  demoraliz- 
ing conditions  might  enter  American  life  if  precautions  were  not 
taken. 

The  last  ofllcial  report  from  Albany  is  that  delinquency 
among  young  girls  in  the  State  of  New  York  has  increased  by 
twenty  per  cent,  and  there  is  indication  from  other  sources  that 

n643 


COMMITTEE  ON  CIVIC  PROBLEMS 


a  generally  similar  condition  prevails  in  some  other  sections. 
The  Mayor  and  other  officials' were  approached  on  the  matter  of 
preventive  measures  being  taken  to  guard  the  moral  welfare  of 
the  young,  after  the  matter  had  been  considered  by  a  special 
committee.  At  the  instance  of  the  Committee  on  Civic  Prob- 
lems of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  special  legislation  was  intro- 
duced before  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 

To  bring  the  need  for  better  supervision  directly  before  the 
public,  the  Committee  was  instrumental  in  having  the  following 
manifesto  issued  from  the  Mayor's  office: 

PROCLAMATION ! 

To  the  Parents  and  Guardians  of  the  Children 
of  the  City  of  New  York: 

There  has  been  an  alarming  increase  in  juvenile  delinquency  in 
European  cities  and  there  is  danger  of  a  similar  increase  in  the  City 
of  New  York.  Conditions  brought  on  by  the  war  have  led  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  through  its  Sub-committee 
on  Civic  Problems  to  bring  to  my  attention  the  fact  that  with  the 
co-operation  of  parents  and  guardians,  danger  of  an  increase  in  juve- 
nile delinquency  may  be  removed. 

The  experience  of  those  dealing  with  juvenile  delinquency  in  this 
and  other  cities  shows  that  delinquency  is  more  largely  caused  by 
lack  of  care  in  planning  the  leisure  time  and  recreational  activities 
of  children  rather  than  being  due  to  any  inherent  desire  on  the  part 
of  the  child  to  be  bad.  This  applies  to  the  children  of  the  rich  as  well 
as  of  the  poor. 

Therefore,  as  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York,  I  appeal  to  all 
parents  and  guardians  of  children,  especially  now  that  our  schools 
are  closed  for  the  summer,  to  make  it  a  matter  of  special  concern  to 
see  that  every  child  in  the  City  of  New  York  has  the  benefit  of  a  care- 
fully thought  out  plan  for  all  of  his  or  her  leisure  time  and  recrea- 
tional activities. 

In  those  homes  from  which  men  have  been  called  for  active  service, 
it  is  especially  important  that  someone  be  found  as  a  counsellor  or 
aide  in  giving  leadership  to  the  boys  and  girls  who  might  otherwise 
suffer  for  the  lack  of  attention. 

The  regular  vacation  and  recreational  activities  of  children  should 
not  be  curtailed  because  of  the  war.  I  n  view  of  the  increasing  im- 
portance of  this  problem,  all  organizations  engaged  in  playground 
and  recreational  work  should  increase  their  facilities.  Parents  and 
guardians  should  plan  to  have  their  children  take  advantage  of  the 

1:65] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


facilities  furnished  by  the  city  authorities  and  other  organizations 
promoting  recreational  activities. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  invites  the  active  co-operation  of  the 
public  press  and  the  citizens  of  New  York  in  preventing  any  increase 
in  juvenile  delinquency  and  to  this  end  will  welcome  suggestions. 

AH  who  can  give  volunteer  service  are  urged  to  co-operate  with 
existing  organizations  which  are  promoting  playgrounds,  civic  cen- 
ters, social  settlements  and  the  various  movements  for  the  recreational 
activities  of  boys  and  girls. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused 
the  seal  of  the  City  of  New  York  to  be  affixed. 

Done  in  the  City  of  New  York,  this  twenty-sixth  day  of  July,  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen. 


The  need  for  prompt  action  on  the  matter  of  juvenile  de- 
linquency is  being  brought  to  the  attention  also  of  the  Mayors 
of  other  important  cities  throughout  the  country.  The  effort 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  to  exert  the  widest  influence 
through  the  recognized  leadership  which  is  exercised  by  New 
York  City  on  national  affairs. 


(Signed)    John  F.  Hylan. 


By  the  Mayor: 

Grover  a.  Whalen, 

Secretary  to  the  Mayor. 


A  NATIONAL  EFFORT 


n66: 


COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  all  foreign  and  domestic  commerce  as  affect- 
ing the  City  of  New  York  during  and 


following  the  war. 


Irving  T.  Bush 
Chairman 

Lewis  E.  Pierson 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE 

Delafield,  Richard 
Downey,  John  P. 
O'GoRMAN,  James  A. 
Strong,  Benjamin 


COMMITTEE 

TowNE,  H.  R. 
Twitchell,  H.  K. 
Van  Sinderin,  Howard 
Williams,  Arthur 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Adams,  James  Warren 
'Adrian,  Charles 
Ames,  Louis  Annin 
Appleton,  R.  Ross 
Arnstein,  Max 
Atkinson,  W.  F. 
Desmond,  Thomas  C. 
EiDLiTz,  Otto  M. 
Heide,  Henry 
Juilliard,  a.  D. 
Kunhardt,  Henry 
Marling,  Alfred  E. 
McAvoY,  Thos.  F. 
McCarter,  R.  D. 
Metz,  Herman  A. 
Montgomery,  R.  H. 
Olsen,  John  A. 
Paton,  Thomas  B. 
Patten,  Thomas  G. 
Phelan,  John  J. 
Flatten,  John  W. 
Plimpton,  G.  A. 
Reick,  William  C. 
Riehle,  John  M. 
Rockwell,  Joseph  H. 


RuNKEL,  Louis 
Sampers,  L  H. 
Solari,  Luigi 
Stanchfield,  John  B. 
Straus,  Jesse  I. 
TiLFORD,  Frank 
Tompkins,  Roswell  D. 
Vogel,  Edwin  C. 
Walker,  H.  B. 
Wallach,  Samuel 
Warburg,  Felix  M. 
Weil,  Jacob 
Wendt,  Alfred 
Wheeler,  Howard 
White,  John  J. 
Wilbur,  John  A. 
Wiley,  Louis 
Williams,  Talcott 
WiLSEY,  Frank  D. 
Wise,  Henry  A. 
Wright,  H.  J. 
Young,  John  R. 
Young,  Owen  D. 
Zucca,  Antonio 


COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE 


A  PRODIGAL  EXPENDITURE 
UESTIONS  of  commerce  can  no  longer  be  isolated  by  rea^ 


V<^_son  of  the  mere  geographical  location  of  people  in  the 
future  great  family  of  nations.  The  strength  of  New  York  has 
been  prodigally  expended  on  behalf  of  the  neutral  and  allied 
countries  during  the  war,  and  the  situation  arising  out  of  these 
conditions  must  have  early  and  expert  treatment.  Among  the 
new  conditions  to  be  met  is  that  of  the  gigantic  merchant  ma- 
rine and  its  wide  activity  which  remains  as  a  result  of  the 
prodigious  ship-building  program  so  effectively  initiated  and 
carried  through  by  the  governmental  authorities. 

If  New  York  is  to  retain  its  supremacy  in  commerce,  it  is 
inevitable  that  warehousing  and  dockage  facilities  should  be 
increased,  and  rearrangements  made  regarding  transportation, 
insurance  and  other  related  matters.  A  broad  and  sympathetic 
attitude  all  around  must  be  initiated  as  a  permanent  policy  in 
expanding  the  City's  commercial  relations  at  the  end  of  the  war. 

There  exists  a  great  water-front,  with  deep-water  facilities 
such  as  are  possessed  by  few  harbors  in  the  world,  and  co-opera- 
tion is  being  had  with  related  departments  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee relative  to  taking  full  advantage  of  the  notably  favorable 
situation  to  keep  New  York  in  the  front  rank  of  the  great 
centers  of  trade. 

The  Committee  on  Commerce  has  cognizance  of  all  questions 
relating  to  the  external  commerce  of  the  city;  that  is,  external 
commerce  as  differentiated  from  wholesale  industries.  This 
involves  important  problems  of  trade,  not  alone  with  foreign 
nations  and  national  dependencies,  but  even  between  the  States 
of  the  Union.  It  has  long  been  recognized  that  a  certain  pro- 
portion of  the  external  commerce  of  the  City  of  New  York  is 
done  at  a  loss,  owing  to  the  cost  of  rents,  lack  of  terminal  fa- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


cilities,  transportation,  high  insurance,  labor  conditions  and 
the  like. 

REARRANGING  HANDLING-WORK 

In  this  respect,  as  in  so  many  others,  America  can  take  a  les- 
son from  many  of  the  cities  of  Europe.  These  cities  have 
arranged  that  the  handling  of  external  commerce  takes  place 
outside  the  city  limits,  and  great  advantage  has  resulted.  In 
view,  however,  of  the  great  increase  in  warehousing  facilities 
within  the  limits  of  Greater  New  York,  brought  about  by  the 
war,  it  is  likely  that  better  opportunities  will  be  given  for 
handling  commerce  in  or  near  the  City.  It  is  believed  that  by 
taking  advantage  of  the  new  warehousing  and  other  accom- 
modations brought  about  by  the  war,  the  scattering  which 
otherwise  would  be  inevitable  may  be  avoided  to  a  large  extent. 
This  would  materially  aid  commerce  along  its  present  channels 
of  operation,  but  if  New  York  is  to  maintain  its  commercial 
supremacy  it  must  of  necessity  prepare  for  the  greatly  increased 
ebb  and  flow  of  trade  which  will  inevitably  enter  this  port. 

The  general  problems  connected  with  the  development  of  the 
port  of  New  York  have  increased  enormously  since  the  out- 
break of  war  by  reason  of  the  tremendous  amount  of  shipping 
which  has  been  passing  through  New  York  City  and  its  envi- 
rons. This  question  affects,  not  alone  Greater  New  York,  but 
the  Jersey  shore,  and  reaches  even  farther.  A  joint  commission 
has  been  formed  to  oversee  the  proportional  development  of  the 
portage  facilities  surrounding  the  City  as  a  whole,  as  it  is  rec- 
ognized that  the  commercial  possibilities  of  New  York  City 
after  the  war  are  almost  unlimited. 

A  survey  has  been  made  of  the  possibilities  of  a  form  of  free 
trade  in  connection  with  the  great  manufacturing  stimulus 
which  is  already  apparent  as  a  result  of  the  war.  Hamburg,  for 
instance,  took  its  premier  position  as  a  German  port  by  carry- 
ing out  such  an  idea.  Raw  materials  come  in  under  bond 
from  abroad  to  be  manufactured  at  Hamburg,  and  are  sent  out 
again — oftentimes  to  the  countries  whence  the  raw  ma- 
terials came.    It  is  believed  that  such  a  plan  can  be  put  into 


COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE 


effect,  not  alone  in  New  York,  but  in  certain  other  great  ports 
of  the  United  States. 

IMPORTATIONS  IN  BOND 

A  DEVELOPMENT  of  this  plan  has  been  proposed  as  regards  the 
importation  and  sale  of  goods  of  foreign  manufacture.  Recently 
there  has  been  put  into  effect  in  this  City  a  great  central  mart 
which  reproduces  in  a  way  the  idea  which  has  long  been  effec- 
tive at  Nijni  Novgorod,  Leipsic,  Birmingham,  and  other  Euro- 
pean cities  in  their  periodical  commercial  fairs. 

One  finds  it  almost  impossible  to  visualize  or  grasp  the  pos- 
sibilities of  New  York  as  the  world's  greatest  port.  The  ex- 
tended water-front,  represented  by  Manhattan,  the  Bronx, 
Long  Island,  Staten  Island,  and  the  Jersey  shore,  offers  simply 
tremendous  facilities  for  the  development  of  shipping;  but,  on 
the  other  hand.  New  York  has  let  its  shipping  go  to  a  large 
extent.  In  the  old  days,  the  seafaring  men  could  look  out  of 
their  windows  on  the  heights  in  Brooklyn,  to  their  three-masters 
and  other  shipping,  lying  almost  at  the  foot  of  their  gardens. 
The  City  then  had  a  sea-loving  population  which  has  almost  dis- 
appeared as  regards  the  old  type  that  loved  to  watch  the  boats 
come  and  go,  flying  the  American  flag  to  practically  every  port 
in  the  world.  They  were  part  of  the  City  and  its  maritime 
possibilities,  as  pictured  in  "The  Harbor,"  the  novel  in  which 
Ernest  Poole  gives  an  account  of  old  New  York  and  its  neigh- 
boring towns  in  the  days  of  the  City's  maritime  glory. 

LATIN-AMERICAN  TRADE 

The  attention  of  progressive  business  men  is  increasingly  turned 
to  the  countries  of  Central  and  South  America.  Now  that  the 
grip  of  Germany  has  been  removed  from  those  countries,  it  is 
anticipated  that  the  Allies,  and  .America  in  especial,  will  be 
paramount  in  those  great  fields. 

Members  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  who  have  resided  in 
those  countries  and  made  an  extended  study  of  their  conditions 
and  traditions,  have  outlined  plans  by  which  America  should 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


become  paramount  in  those  markets.  Co-operation  has  been 
had  with  several  large  official  and  semi-official  organizations 
working  towards  this  end;  and  important  developments  in  these 
directions  are  under  course  of  consummation. 

The  Committee  is  encouraging  the  learning  of  Spanish  by 
young  men  and  women  as  offering  one  of  the  best  fields  of  com- 
mercial advancement  at  present  existing.  Plans  have  been 
under  consideration  for  some  time  by  members  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  for  establishing  one  or  more  special  commissions 
to  proceed  to  Latin-America  for  an  extended  study  of  the  new 
conditions  arising  out  of  the  war.  It  is  recognized  that  a  gen- 
eral reorganization  is  needed  by  experts  in  the  way  of  wholesale 
and  other  trade  developments  to  form  plans  by  which  every 
advantage  may  be  taken  of  the  new  conditions  brought  about 
by  peace. 

JUNIOR  CHAMBERS  OF  COMMERCE 

Adapting  to  New  York  the  plan  which  has  been  made  effective 
in  other  cities,  attention  has  been  given  to  the  fostering  of 
Junior  Chambers  of  Commerce.  The  efforts  thus  far  made 
in  various  places  have  been  very  successful  in  the  interesting 
of  children  in  commercial  and  other  civic  activities.  In  some 
places,  the  sons  of  members  of  the  Chambers  of  Commerce  have 
been  conducted  on  visits  through  local  factories,  and  as  a  result 
a  Junior  Safety  Council  was  hit  upon.  In  one  place  more  than 
five  thousand  junior  members  have  been  enrolled,  and  these  boys 
have  made  a  study  in  their  own  original  ways  from  the  stand- 
points of  personal  health,  sanitation  and  civic  attractiveness. 
This  movement  has  even  grown  to  such  an  extent  as  the  starting 
of  a  "Dandelion  Day,"  to  keep  down  this  pest  from  lawns  as 
a  community  activity.  It  is  obvious  that  the  co-operation  of 
school  superintendents  and  others  interested  in  the  young  is 
a  great  advantage.  The  encouragement  which  the  Mayor's 
Committee  has  given  to  school  gardens  and  community  gardens 
is  in  line  with  this  general  development  for  encouraging  young 
people. 

1:72] 


COMMITTEE  ON  DOMESTIC  SUPPLIES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  matters  relating 
to  the  supply  and  distribution  of  all  character  of 
domestic  supplies,  including  food,  fuel,  etc., 
etc.,  throughout  New  York  City. 

James  H.  Post 
Chairman 

Lewis  E.  Pierson 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Burns,  M.  F. 
Butler,  James 
juhring,  j.  c. 
Luce,  Harry  J. 


RuNKEL,  Louis 
Ryan,  George  J. 
TiLFORD,  Frank 
Ward,  George  S. 


MEMBERS 


Ambler,  A.  S. 
Baird,  William  T. 
Barnicle,  John  J. 

BODEN,  P.  B. 

Buckle,  John 

Campbell,  William  Francis 
Cane,  George  W. 
Cantasano,  Vito  G. 
Cogswell,  George  E. 
Collins,  Barnett  C. 
Conron,  Joseph 
Cunningham,  Edgar  F. 
Day,  Jonathan  C. 
Donovan,  Jerome  F. 
Droste,  Charles  F. 
Egan,  Joseph  L. 
Ferguson,  James  R. 
GuLicK,  Archibald  A. 
Howard,  James  A. 
Hubbard,  S.  T. 


Judge,  John  C. 
Lies,  J.  W. 

LiPPMANN,  L.  J. 

Meehan,  Thomas  J. 
Merrall,  Walter  H. 
Miller,  Cyrus  C. 
Montgomery,  J.  M. 
MuNRO,  James  J. 
Nix,  John  W. 
O'Keeffe,  J.  J. 
RowE,  George  H. 
Steel,  George  E. 
Steinhardt,  Jos.  H. 
Storm,  Frederic 
Story,  Elmer  G. 
Tiernan,  Judge  J.  Harry 
Webber,  Richard 
Wiggin,  Albert  H. 
Williams,  Arthur 
Zahn,  Henry 


COMMITTEE  ON  DOMESTIC  SUPPLIES 

CITY  COMMISSIONS 

DOMESTIC  supplies  involve  food,  coal,  ice,  and  in  fact  all 
the  necessary  supplies.  In  a  great  city  like  New  York,  the 
question  of  maintaining  domestic  supplies,  in  order  that  there 
shall  not  be  very  considerable  variations  in  price,  is  one  of  ex- 
treme difficulty. 

Cities  very  much  smaller  in  size  in  Europe  have  had  com- 
missions that  worked  on  this  subject  for  the  past  twenty  years; 
much  has  been  done  and  much  remains  to  be  done. 

If  the  population  of  New  York  continues  to  increase  at  the 
rate  at  which  it  has  increased,  the  present  facilities  will  be  found 
to  be  entirely  inadequate,  and  great  changes  must  take  place. 
The  population  probably  will  increase  and  very  soon.  Last 
winter's  shortage  in  coal  is  a  warning  of  what  might  conceivably 
be  expected  in  all  classes  of  supplies  handled  in  large  quantities, 
and  the  matter  should  receive  attention. 


PROTECTING  THE  CONSUMER 

One  of  the  first  duties  this  Committee  was  called  upon  to  per- 
form came  through  a  letter  written  on  April  24,  19 18,  by  the 
Mayor  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National 
Defense  and  referred  by  him  to  the  Committee  on  Domestic 
Supplies.  The  text  of  the  letter  was  as  follows: 

The  Federal  Fuel  Administrators  have  warned  us  that  there  is  an- 
other fuel  shortage  awaiting  us,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  your  Com- 
mittee can  render  no  greater  patriotic  service  than  to  devote  itself  to 
preventing  distress  from  that  cause  to  the  direct  and  indirect  depend- 
ents of  those  who  will  be  under  arms  in  the  service  of  their  country. 

1:75: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


There  are  many  thousands  of  families  in  New  York  who  have  not 
and  who  will  not  have  the  money  or  storage  facilities  to  make  ad- 
vance provision  against  a  probable  coal  famine  next  winter.  Real- 
izing this,  it  is  our  duty  to  act  for  them  so  far  as  we  can.  I,  there- 
fore, designate  your  Committee  to  undertake,  in  co-operation  with  the 
Department  of  Markets,  this  humane  task,  i.e.,  the  purchase  and 
storage  of  coal  for  sale  to  the  poor  of  New  York  next  winter. 

Although  the  newly  created  Department  of  Markets  has  the  author- 
ity to  employ  the  city's  credit  for  such  a  purpose,  it  is  not  possible  for 
them  at  this  time  to  handle  the  matter  without  co-operation,  as,  in 
addition  to  other  duties,  they  are  concentrating  what  available  ma- 
chinery they  have  on  the  ice  question — the  supply  for  the  poor  this 
coming  summer. 

The  City  Chamberlain  will  be  my  representative  in  procuring  such 
co-operation  as  may  be  necessary  and  possible  on  the  part  of  the 
banking  interests  of  the  city  to  assist  in  financing  this  undertaking,  if 
city  funds  cannot  be  made  immediately  available  for  this  purpose. 

An  organization  known  as  the  Greater  New  York  Retail  Coal  Deal- 
ers Association,  claiming  a  membership  of  3000  coal  peddlers  and 
asserting  that  it  is  the  largest  medium  of  distribution  to  the  very  poor 
of  New  York,  has  also  pledged  its  co-operation. 

During  the  months  of  December,  January,  and  February  the  aver- 
age consumption  of  "peddler"  coal,  that  is,  coal  sold  in  very  small 
quantities,  i.e.,  up  to  100  lbs.,  is  about  25,000  tons  per  week.  Not  less 
than  300,000  tons  of  this  kind  of  coal  should  be  bought  and  stored 
this  summer,  beginning  at  once. 

Please,  therefore,  select  an  efficient  and  sympathetic  sub-committee, 
each  member  of  which  must  realize  the  serious  responsibility  resting 
upon  him,  to  take  complete  charge  of  this  matter. 


300,000  TONS  OF  COAL 

The  Executive  Committee  on  Domestic  Supplies  immediately 
took  up  this  suggestion  and  a  meeting  was  held,  at  which  it  was 
deemed  advisable  to  augment  the  deliberations  by  a  special 
committee  of  coal  dealers.  Three  were  appointed  from  each 
borough.  Details  were  carefully  arranged  and  a  full  meeting 
of  the  Committee  on  Domestic  Supplies  with  this  special  com- 
mittee on  the  coal  trade  of  the  various  boroughs  was  held  at  the 
City  Hall  on  May  28,  1918.  Co-operating  through  the  Com- 
missioner of  Markets,  negotiations  were  entered  into  imme- 
diately for  the  securing  of  300,000  tons  of  peddler  coal  direct 
from  the  mines.    Contracts  were  confirmed  at  a  subsequent 

1:76] 


COMMITTEE  ON  DOMESTIC  SUPPLIES 


meeting  held  at  the  City  Chamberlain's  office  at  which  arrange- 
ments were  made  with  the  coal  committee.  To  finance  this 
purchase,  the  delivery  of  the  coal  to  be  made  under  authority 
of  the  city's  Department  of  Markets  to  the  coal  dealers  was 
equitably  apportioned  as  to  the  different  boroughs.  Negotia- 
tions were  entered  upon  for  securing  300,000  tons  more  of  this 
kind  of  coal. 

Work  is  now  under  way  in  planning  a  special  campaign  for 
coal  conservation,  intended  to  bring  home  to  the  public  the 
necessity  as  well  as  the  means  of  fuel  conservation.  An  inter- 
esting program  is  being  worked  out  for  the  holding  of  a  public 
meeting  at  an  early  date,  with  prominent  speakers  and  mechani- 
cal engineers,  who  can  discuss  the  various  phases  of  fuel 
conservation  and  the  methods  advised  by  the  State  Fuel  Ad- 
ministrator. Particular  emphasis  is  being  placed  upon  the 
elimination  of  waste,  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  avoided  by  the 
issuance  of  restrictive  orders  as  to  the  use  and  consumption  of 
fuel. 

THE  ABSORBING  FOOD  PROBLEM 

Many  attempts  have  been  made  by  the  municipal  government 
to  determine  the  amount  or  regulate  the  supply  and  distribu- 
tion of  food  within  the  city  limits.  The  food  problem  is  now 
absorbing  a  large  part  of  the  attention  of  this  Committee.  Va- 
rious reports  and  the  result  of  investigations  that  have  been 
undertaken  concerning  food  supplies,  milk,  and  the  like,  are 
being  discussed  and  representatives  from  the  city  and  State 
Bureaus  of  Markets  have  attended  the  meetings  of  the  Com- 
mittee and  spoken  on  various  problems  confronting  their  de- 
partments. This  has  led  to  a  study  of  the  question  of  obtaining 
proper  supplies,  housing  and  distributing  them,  profiteering  in 
food,  its  sanitary  inspection,  etc.  Even  a  question  of  the  break- 
age of  eggs  in  shipping  and  the  methods  taken  to  remedy  this 
are  problems  now  under  consideration. 

One  interesting  suggestion  that  was  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mittee had  to  do  with  the  investigation  of  domestic  supplies  as 
extended  to  hospital  and  charitable  service,  as  well  as  such 

1:773 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


emergency  service  as  might  be  needed  in  case  of  disaster.  The 
calamity  that  recently  occurred  in  Halifax  has  brought  clearly 
to  the  foreground  the  fact  that  the  first  requirement  following 
disaster  of  that  kind  is  food.  It  has  been  said  that  many  of  the 
European  governments  provide  in  advance  for  such  contin- 
gencies and  are  always  ready  to  meet  unusual  demands  which 
might  be  made.  This  Committee  has  been  asked  to  take  into 
consideration  that  preparedness  along  the  lines  thus  indicated  is 
an  essential  growing  out  of  the  war  itself,  and  is  now  receiving 
careful  and  serious  attention. 

FOOD  ZONING 

Plans  were  under  way  and  are  now  being  carried  out  through 
another  department  for  the  compilation  of  maps  of  the  metro- 
politan food  distributing  zones  within  a  thirty-mile  radius,  in- 
dicating the  various  features  that  will  help  the  study  of  these 
particular  problems  and  take  care  of  the  plans  of  overcharging 
and  unequal  distribution  should  it  become  necessary  at  any 
time  to  ration  the  people  as  a  war  measure. 

Plans  are  under  way  also  for  the  formation  of  consumers' 
organizations,  which  might  assist  in  working  out  methods  of 
rationing  the  people  and  the  adoption  of  such  regulations  as 
would  be  needed  towards  its  proper  enforcement,  should  this 
become  necessary  at  any  time  in  helping  to  win  the  war. 


1:783 


COMMITTEE  ON  ENTERTAINMENT  AND 

RECEPTION 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  the  reception  of  all  public,  private  and  distin- 
guished guests  at  all  entertainments  given 
in  New  York  City  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on 
National  Defense. 


Rodman  Wanamaker 
Chairman 

Charles  B.  Alexander 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Benjamin,  George  H. 
Grey,  Henry  C. 
Johnson,  Alfred  J. 
KuNz,  George  F. 


MacDonald,  George 
Morgan,  William  Fellowes 
Whalen,  Grover 
WiNTHROP,  Henry  Rogers 


MEMBERS 


Amory,  Copley 
Atterbury,  Grosvenor 
Ball,  Ancel  H. 
Baker,  Geo.  F.,  Jr. 
Bartlett,  Paul  W. 
Beck,  James  M. 
Bell,  Gordon  Knox 
Berolsheimer,  Philip 
Bishop,  Dr.  Ernest  S. 
Boldt,  Geo.  C. 
Bowman,  John  McE. 
Butler,  Nicholas  Murray 
Clover,  Rev.  George  F. 

COTILLO,  SaLVATORE 

Crowninshield,  Frank 
Cutting,  R.  Fulton 
Demorest,  Wm.  Curtiss 
Dike,  Judge  Norman  S. 
Dillingham,  C.  B. 
duPont,  Coleman 
Erlanger,  Abraham 
Fairchild,  S.  W. 
Flagg,  Ernest 
Franklin,  P.  A.  S. 
Friedsam,  Michael 


Green,  Thos.  D. 
Gunnison,  Herbert  F. 
Harriss,  John  A. 
Harvey,  George 
Hayman,  Alf. 
Ingraham,  Phoenix 
Lavelle,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  J. 
McCarthy,  Thos.  D. 
McClure,  S.  S. 
Milburn,  John  G. 
Mitchell,  William 
Mokarzel,  N.  a. 
Murphy,  Ch.\rles  E. 
OcHS,  Adolph  S. 
O'Flaherty,  James 
Porter,  Gen.  Horace 
Satterlee,  Herbert  L. 
ScHOLZ,  Emil  M. 
Seligman,  Henry 
Sherrill,  Gen.  Charles  H. 
Sloane,  John 
SoMERs,  Arthur  S. 
Thorne,  John  G. 
Wise,  Rabbi  Stephen  S. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ENTERTAINMENT  AND 

RECEPTION 

THE  FREEDOM  OF  THE  CITY 

THE  City  of  New  York  as  such  does  not  have  the  funds  or 
facilities  for  rendering  civic  entertainment  which  its 
officials  oftentimes  would  wish  to  tender  to  distinguished  visi- 
tors. It  therefore  remained  for  such  a  body  as  the  Mayor's 
Committee  to  plan  for  and  carry  through  such  hospitable  ar- 
rangements as  the  needs  of  a  given  occasion  seem  to  require. 
Whether  it  be  a  royal  personage  landing  in  America;  a  dis- 
tinguished member  of  the  Diplomatic  Corps;  an  Army  or  Naval 
official  with  his  staff  coming  from  abroad  in  the  Allied  cause, 
or  an  unofficial  personage  of  repute,  the  Mayor's  Committee 
endeavors  to  meet  the  occasion  in  an  appropriate  manner. 
Sometimes  private  hospitalities  are  extended  by  individual 
members  of  the  Committee  at  leading  clubs  and  by  other  means; 
but  the  occasion  is  fairly  frequent  where  the  Committee  acts  as 
a  whole  in  extending  the  freedom  of  the  City  to  such  visitors. 

In  carrying  out  such  a  program  the  Mayor's  Committee  draws 
freely  upon  the  experience  of  its  members  and  entertainment 
experts,  who  have  traveled  widely  and  noted  the  best  forms  of 
civic  hospitality  as  dispensed  in  other  countries.  An  American 
City  naturally  lacks  the  historic  setting  and  impressive  pomp 
which  surround  a  luncheon  at  the  Guildhall  given  by  a 
British  Civic  Corporation,  or  a  banquet  given  by  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  London;  the  brilliant  spectacle  of  a  reception  at  the 
Hotel  de  Ville  in  Paris,  or  the  elaborate  entertainment  given  by 
the  civic  head  of  Rome,  Madrid,  or  other  European  cities.  But 
in  the  more  democratic  spirit  of  the  West,  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee endeavors  to  dispense  a  free-handed  hospitality  in  the 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


spirit  which  is  distinctive  in  this  newer  land,  making  up  in  a 
genuine  spirit  of  cordiality  what  might  be  lacking  from  the 
absence  of  historical  settings  coming  down  through  thousands 
of  years  of  human  history. 

That  success  comes  from  these  efforts  is  proved  repeatedly 
by  the  letters  and  other  forms  of  appreciation  which  reach  the 
Mayor's  Committee  from  those  who  have  enjoyed  its  hos- 
pitality. Not  alone  has  this  special  movement  of  civic  enter- 
tainment been  developed  along  the  lines  of  proved  success,  but 
a  tribute  has  been  paid  to  New  York  by  other  cities  in  their 
seeking  to  take  a  lesson  from  the  thing  which  New  York  has 
learned  to  do  so  well. 

ENTERTAINING  NAVAL  OFFICERS 

In  the  recent  past  there  were  put  into  action  plans  for  such  a 
series  of  entertainments  to  officers  and  crews  of  two  visiting 
foreign  battle-ships  as  never  before  had  been  given  under  like 
circumstances  in  the  City  of  New  York.  A  dinner  was  organ- 
ized at  one  of  the  leading  hotels,  which  was  attended  by  nearly 
one  thousand  of  the  leading  people  of  New  York  City.  Public 
officials  and  leading  professional  and  business  men  promptly 
entered  into  the  spirit  of  the  occasion,  and  a  notable  triumph  in 
international  courtesy  was  registered  under  the  difficult  circum- 
stances of  war  time  and  its  pressing  preoccupations. 

These  naval  officers  were  entertained  for  more  than  a  month 
with  an  almost  unceasing  round  of  private  dinners,  luncheons, 
theater  parties,  cruises  on  the  official  yacht  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee, week-end  and  other  visits  to  the  country  houses  of  the 
members  of  the  Committee,  visits  to  naval  training  stations 
and  other  centers  of  war  activity,  and  to  like  places  of  interest, 
for  which  in  the  ordinary  way  both  time  and  facilities  had  been 
lacking.  A  fleet  of  motor-cars  with  uniformed  drivers  was 
always  at  the  disposal  of  these  officers. 

In  like  manner,  large  numbers  of  the  crews  were  entertained 
by  special  parties  arranged  for  them  at  popular  places  of  resort. 

When  these  officers  and  men  came  to  leave  New  York  they 

1:823 


COMMITTEE  ON  ENTERTAINMENT  AND  RECEPTION 


apparently  carried  away  with  them  not  alone  cordial  impres- 
sions of  the  New  York  kind  of  hospitality,  but  they  gave  many 
evidences  of  taking  with  them  the  memories  of  enduring  per- 
sonal friendships.  It  is  in  this  spirit  that  the  Committee  on 
Entertainment  endeavors  to  work  out  its  generous  program  of 
social  activities. 

COUNTRY-WIDE  ACTIVITIES 

Madison  Square  Garden  was  engaged  by  the  Committee  on 
another  occasion,  and  an  elaborate  entertainment  was  carried 
through  for  a  unit  of  the  overseas  American  forces. 

Co-operation  has  been  had  with  the  observance  of  the  various 
Allies'  Days,  and  other  exceptional  features  affecting  foreign  so- 
cial interests  have  been  carried  through  with  marked  success. 

Courtesies  in  connection  with  the  inspection  of  the  industrial 
life  of  America  have  been  extended  to  various  foreign  visitors, 
whose  arrangements  have  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  and  successfully  executed. 

The  Committee  originates  plans  of  every  nature  for  adding 
to  the  pleasure  and  profit  of  visitors  to  the  City. 

Through  the  Committee  on  Associated  Cities  further  activi- 
ties are  spread  through  the  country  in  the  case  of  a  distinguished 
visitor  making  a  continental  tour.  The  Committee  on  Enter- 
tainment and  Reception  actively  supports  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment as  regards  any  expressed  desire  for  special  attentions  to 
be  shown  to  visiting  foreign  officials  or  others  coming  to  Amer- 
ica, as  this  is  the  only  body  which  possesses  the  requisite  facili- 
ties for  the  purpose. 

The  Bureau  of  Transportation  assists  the  other  departments 
of  the  Committee  by  the  use  of  motor-cars  placed  freely  at  the 
disposal  of  visitors.  Also,  the  hospitality  of  leading  clubs  is 
freely  extended  to  these  guests  of  the  New  York  public  during 
their  stay. 

Altogether,  the  effort  is  that  the  stranger  coming  to  these 
shores  shall  take  away  with  him  a  memory  that  he  was  cor- 
dially and  sincerely  welcomed  to  New  York  and  other  places. 

1:833 


I 

'i 


COMMITTEE  ON  LABOR 


This  Committee  has  supervision  of  all  questions  relating 
to  labor,  distribution  of  labor,  wages,  settlement  of 
strikes,  and  kindred  subjects. 

George  Gordon  Battle 
Chairman 

Charles  J.  Kelley 
V  ice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  committee 

Allen,  Ethan  Pagan,  Lawrence  J. 

Brady,  Peter  J.  Plynn,  William  J. 

CoRTELYOu,  George  B.  Foster,  Warren  W. 

Elkus,  Abraham  I.  Jasper,  William  H. 


MEMBERS 


Adams,  J.  Warren 
Albee,  E.  F. 
Apy,  Martin  B. 
AuDiTORE,  James 
Barber,  Donn 
Barnes,  Charles  B. 
Bassett,  Edward  M. 
Castagnetta,  Louis 
Chamberlin,  Egbert 
Clonin,  James  E. 
Coleman,  Judge  Chas.  W. 
Cooney,  John  J. 
Davidson,  W.  J. 
Delafield,  Col.  John  Ross 
Farrell,  Rev.  William  B. 
Gude,  O.  J. 
Healy,  Jerome  F. 
Kamaiky,  Leon  S. 
Kehaya,  Ery 
Larkin,  William  P. 
Lavelle,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  J. 
Leahy,  David  T. 
Levy,  Rev.  Clifton  H. 
Levy,  Hon.  Ferdinand 
Lewisohn,  Adolph 


Lindsay,  John  D. 
Longfellow,  Frederick  W. 
LOREE,  L.  F. 
McAdoo,  Judge  Wm. 
McCall,  Edward  E. 
McClement,  J.  H. 
McCombs,  W.  F. 
Pas  vols  KY,  Leo 
Rand,  R.  L. 
Regan,  Thomas 
Reisner,  Rev.  Christian  M. 
Riehle,  John  M. 
Riley,  John  F. 
Ritter,  E.  p.  V. 
Ryan,  Allan  A. 
Sampers,  I.  H. 
Snyder,  E.  L 
Searing,  F.  F. 
Seavey,  James  Arthur 
Shearn,  Judge  Clarence  J. 
Schieffelin,  John  Jay 
Shonts,  Theodore  P. 
Shuster,  W.  Morgan 
SiCEL,  Franz 


COMMITTEE  ON  LABOR 

READJUSTMENTS  FOR  PEACE  TIMES 

HIT  or  miss  methods  in  dealing  with  the  complex  problems 
of  capital  and  labor  must  be  replaced  with  a  scientific 
treatment  in  the  great  work  of  readjustment  soon  to  face  the 
country.  The  vital  question  of  the  readjustment  of  war-time 
labor  to  peace-time  conditions  is  engaging  the  attention  of  this 
Committee.  Included  with  this  general  subject  is  the  assurance 
of  sufficient  and  sanitary  housing  conditions  in  Greater  New 
York,  to  which  center  labor  will  naturally  gravitate  when  an 
overplus  is  apparent  in  the  industries  which  now  are  working 
under  such  great  pressure  elsewhere. 

The  equitable  distribution  of  labor  over  the  country  will, 
it  is  anticipated,  be  well  in  hand  shortly;  and  special  attention 
is  being  paid  to  the  necessity  of  stimulating  government  and 
municipal  work,  which  during  the  war  has  been  of  necessity 
largely  lying  dormant.  Readjustment  of  the  rates  of  labor,  set- 
tlement of  disputes  and  the  creation  of  labor  tribunals  of  ad- 
justment until  the  industrial  unit  is  settled  again  to  the  ordi- 
nary work  of  the  world,  are  things  which  are  being  intelligently 
anticipated  in  the  desire  to  insure  a  sincere  and  equitable  hand- 
ling of  these  vital  needs. 

It  is  realized  that  socialism  and  discontent  are  largely  the 
result  of  the  labor  unrest  arising  from  inexpert  treatment  of  the 
industrial  classes,  and  that  the  satisfactory  solution  of  the 
proper  dilution  and  distribution  of  labor  will  once  more  get 
the  wheels  of  industry  into  full  and  harmonious  motion. 

A  new  sentiment  of  industrial  peace  and  consequent  pros- 
perity represents  the  program  of  the  Committee  on  Labor,  which 
it  is  planned  shall  go  forward  in  the  winning  of  the  victories  of 
peace  by  the  co-operation  of  capital  and  labor,  which  has  worked 
in  so  notable  a  harmony  during  the  progress  of  the  war.  A 
scientific  study  is  being  made  of  living  and  wage  conditions 
so  that  labor  agitators  may  be  met  on  their  own  ground.  En- 

1:873 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


couragement  is  being  given  to  the  international  solidarity  of 
industry  as  a  matter  of  mutual  benefit  to  the  United  States  and 
its  Allies  in  the  interchange  of  the  industrial  forces  for  the 
gigantic  rehabilitation  necessary  to  undo  the  wreckage  of  war. 
Scientific  adjustment  of  national  and  international  questions 
affecting  the  labor  classes,  through  the  activities  of  the  labor 
unions  and  other  forces  directly  interested,  is  the  means  which 
is  being  taken  for  combating  the  outburst  of  socialism  which 
otherwise  might  arise. 

Cognizance  is  being  had  of  the  way  in  which  labor  has  gen- 
erally adjusted  itself  so  admirably  to  the  needs  and  call  of  the 
nation  during  the  war,  labor  being  sought  after  as  at  no  other 
time  since  the  foundation  of  the  republic. 

The  Mayor's  Committee,  being  a  quasi-governmental  bureau, 
has  greatly  assisted  in  fitting  the  individual  laborer  to  his  field, 
and  with  its  openly  expressed  sympathy  with  the  best  ideals  of 
labor,  this  department  of  the  Committee  has  been  privileged  to 
render  definite  service  towards  the  winning  of  the  war. 

LESSONS  FROM  EUROPE 

It  is  realized  that  at  the  close  of  the  war  this  Committee  has 
one  of  the  most  serious  of  economic  problems  to  face,  in  adjust- 
ing the  returned  soldiers  and  sailors  to  proper  conditions  in  the 
country  for  whose  sake  they  have  made  such  sacrifices.  This 
readjustment  has  been  carefully  studied  in  European  countries 
by  members  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  and  there  will  be  freely 
drawn  upon  the  experience  of  those  countries  which  have  so 
wisely  met  these  problems  during  the  progress  of  hostilities. 

It  has  been  noted  on  the  part  of  official  agencies  generally, 
that  conditions  have  been  created  where  one  industry  became 
so  much  more  attractive  to  labor  than  others  that  the  less  at- 
tractive industries  were  deserted  to  such  an  extent  that  their 
utter  destruction  was  threatened.  The  aim  is  to  establish  a 
plane  of  labor  prices  that  will  put  all  essential  industries  virtu- 
ally on  an  equal  basis,  thus  preventing  the  robbing  of  one  at 
the  expense  of  another. 

188-2 


COMMITTEE  ON  LABOR 


Inquiries  have  been  made  of  late  as  to  labor  policies  after 
the  war.  Capital  has  apparently  become  apprehensive  as  to 
its  ability  to  comply  with  some  of  the  awards  which  have  been 
made  in  industries  mainly  supported  by  government  war 
activity.  It  has  been  stated  privately  by  some  of  the  men  now 
most  powerful  in  determining  labor  policies  that  there  is  no 
likelihood  whatever  of  reduction  in  wages  following  recent 
awards  to  railroad  and  electric  car  employees,  and  the  same  pos- 
sibility holds  regarding  other  industries. 

UNIFIED  INDUSTRIAL  CONTROL 

The  consensus  of  opinion  on  the  part  of  national  labor-adjust- 
ing agencies  appears  to  be  unanimous  in  its  determination  that 
while  the  standards  governing  wage  decisions  in  individual  in- 
dustries cannot  be  accepted  as  controlling  factors  for  other 
industries,  still  "there  must  be  a  certain  unified  control  of  such 
decisions  in  the  interests  of  wise  national  policy." 

A  body  of  labor  law  is  steadily  being  built  up  which  is  cer- 
tain to  be  used  as  a  precedent  after  the  war.  For  instance, 
it  is  known  that  the  Government  is  seriously  considering  the 
question  of  wage  conditions  for  sailors,  since  it  is  imperative 
that  the  service  in  the  new  merchant  marine  be  made  as  attrac- 
tive as  possible  after  the  war. 

This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating  to 
labor  in  the  City  of  New  York,  and  as  far  as  may  be  by  agree- 
ment with  surrounding  cities  within  a  zone  of  two  hundred 
miles  of  New  York.  It  was  long  ago  recognized  that  after  the 
war  there  would  likely  be  an  immense  influx  of  labor,  not  alone 
by  reason  of  returning  members  of  the  army  and  navy,  but  by 
immigration  from  various  countries.  The  endeavor  is  to  pre- 
vent the  cause  of  labor  disturbances,  due  not  only  to  the  de- 
mands of  labor  unions,  but  by  reason  of  living  and  other  con- 
ditions experienced  by  non-union  labor. 

It  is  anticipated  that  the  population  of  the  City  will  be  con- 
siderably increased,  and  that  consequently  there  will  be  a  lack 
of  housing  and  other  facilities.    There  naturally  will,  in  the 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


course  of  time,  be  a  diminution  in  wages  without  a  correspond- 
ing lessening,  probably,  in  the  cost  of  living. 

PREVENTING  EXTORTION 

The  prevention  of  extortion  in  the  prices  charged  for  the  neces- 
saries of  life  is  therefore  a  subject  which  has  been  under  care- 
ful investigation  by  the  related  branches  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee, and  definite  steps  have  been  taken  to  assure  that  the 
industrial  classes  are  not  penalized  on  this  account. 

A  threefold  purpose  may  briefly  define  the  object  of  this 
Committee.  This  purpose  as  originally  stated  was: 

1.  To  co-ordinate  existing  employment  bureaus  so  that  they 

would  meet  more  perfectly  the  special  demands  in  the 
carrying  out  of  the  war. 

2.  To  assist  in  maintaining  standards  of  health  and  efficiency 
among  wage-earners. 

3.  To  aid  in  the  work  of  industrial  readjustment  after  the 
war,  the  conciliation  of  labor  and  its  employment  to  the 
best  advantage. 

Co-ordination  of  employment  agencies  in  New  York  City  was 
almost  immediately  successful,  and  the  advantages  of  such  a 
move  were  soon  evident  by  a  transfer  of  the  surplus  calls  on 
one  bureau  to  the  surplus  applicants  of  another.  The  clientele 
of  all  co-operating  agencies  were  made  available  at  once  both  to 
employers  and  applicants.  The  public  was  quick  to  recognize 
the  advantages  of  such  a  centralized  and  adequate  clearing 
house. 

With  the  abnormal  wage  conditions  brought  on  by  the  war, 
the  problem  of  the  maintenance  of  labor  is  assuming  an  im- 
portance of  first  magnitude  in  industrial  and  manufacturing 
circles.  Among  the  methods  for  increasing  the  efficiency  of 
employees  and  consequently  lessening  the  problem  of  industrial 
misfits  which  ordinarily  exists,  careful  study  is  being  given 
to  such  subjects  as  the  health  of  employees,  hygiene  and  sani- 
tary equipment,  the  movement  for  increased  safety,  financial 


COMMITTEE  ON  LABOR 


advice,  practical  assistance  for  employees,  athletics  and  recrea- 
tion, Americanization  and  citizenship,  etc. 

There  appears  to  be  a  definite  movement  towards  co-operation 
among  the  industrial  classes  of  America,  following  the  example 
of  the  great  industrial  organizations  in  Belgium,  France,  Ger- 
many and  the  British  Isles,  as  well  as  Japan  and  other  lands. 
The  most  highly  developed  movement  thus  far  is  operating  in 
Great  Britain,  and  it  is  estimated  that  about  one-third  of  the 
entire  population  of  England  is  supplied  from  the  co-operative 
stores,  which  do  a  business  computed  at  about  $600,000,000 
annually.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are  about  three  millions 
of  co-operators. 

The  co-operative  societies  have  heretofore  eschewed  political 
activities,  but  it  would  seem  that  British  co-operators  will  here- 
after be  a  definite  factor  in  politics  if  the  watchword  from  the 
last  British  Trade  Union  Congress  can  be  believed — "Every 
trade  unionist  a  co-operator,  and  every  co-operator  a  trade 
unionist." 

LABOR  IN  POLITICS 

Another  movement  of  even  greater  significance,  which  is  mani- 
fest among  industrial  classes  of  the  European  countries  engaged 
in  war,  is  the  self-determination  of  the  various  labor  parties. 
All  restrictions  are  being  let  down  and  the  doors  are  thrown 
open  virtually  to  all  comers.  The  revival  of  British  labor  in- 
terest now  aims  to  include  all  workers  with  hand  or  brain;  in 
other  words,  the  creators  as  opposed  to  non-producers.  It 
would  be  futile  at  present  to  attempt  even  a  prediction  of  what 
will  be  the  future  development  of  American  industry  in  this 
direction.  Reconstruction  at  the  close  of  the  war  is  already 
bringing  to  a  culmination  many  tendencies  as  yet  hardly  real- 
ized and  only  dimly  felt.  The  social  crises  which  inevitably 
will  develop  from  great  upheavals  are  still  prospective.  Students 
of  practical  sociology  are,  however,  looking  ahead,  and  further 
developments  abroad  will  be  watched  with  great  interest  for 
their  possible  effect  in  America. 
The  attitude  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  one  of  sympathy 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


towards  every  just  demand  of  labor,  and  consequently  its  aim 
is  to  foster  a  patriotic  attitude  of  labor  towards  the  true  in- 
terests of  capital.  In  approaching  this  involved  subject,  the 
Committee  has  a  practical  record  from  having  greatly  aided  in 
the  successful  placing  of  labor  in  ship-building,  munition  and 
other  industries,  to  the  mutual  satisfaction  of  employees  and 
employer  alike.  The  effort  will  be  to  carry  out  in  peace  times 
what  has  been  accomplished  with  such  conspicuous  success  dur- 
ing the  intricate  years  of  war. 

CONCILIATION  AND  ARBITRATION 

The  after-war  problems  of  labor  are  points  which  are  having 
close  attention  on  the  part  of  the  Mayor's  Committee.  It  is 
realized  that,  as  stated,  a  new  form  of  labor  question  will  arise 
from  the  number  of  maimed  coming  back  from  the  land 
and  sea  forces  to  take  up  again  the  means  of  livelihood  in 
America.  The  desire  is  to  stimulate  the  wounded  soldiers  and 
sailors  to  a  productivity  adapted  to  their  new  powers,  and  that 
there  shall  be  carried  through  a  scientific  assimilation  of  all 
such  labor  for  the  new  industries  which  inevitably  will  arise 
under  these  new  conditions. 

Additional  machinery  for  conciliation  and  arbitration  must 
inevitably  be  set  up.  The  Mayor's  Committee  has  long  planned 
for  rendering  useful  service  in  meeting  the  disputes  which  natu- 
rally will  arise  when  the  time  for  readjustment  of  industrial 
conditions  appears.  It  is  realized  that  conditions  of  peace  will 
produce  an  unavoidable  unrest  until  such  time  as  industry  in 
the  various  parts  of  the  country  has  settled  down  to  its  ordinary 
course.  The  avoidance  of  overcrowding  of  New  York  City 
and  the  absorption  by  other  parts  of  the  country  of  the  return- 
ing soldiers  and  sailors  is  a  matter  on  which  the  opinion  of  rec- 
ognized industrial  experts  has  been  sought,  so  that  the  man 
returning  from  the  excitement  of  foreign  warfare  may  as  soon 
as  possible  settle  down  to  the  ordinary  ways  of  peace.  The 
psychology  of  peace  adjustment  is  a  problem  which  the  Com- 
mittee has  anticipated  and  believes  it  can  successfully  meet. 


COMMITTEE  ON  LAW 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  involv- 
ing the  legal  rights  and  privileges  of  the  citizens 
or  residents  of  the  City  of  New  York,  both 
real  and  personal,  as  also  of  the  property 
of  the  City  of  New  York  as  affected 
by  and  growing  out  of  present 
and  future  war  conditions, 
and  which  may  properly 
be  referred  to  the 
Committee. 

Henry  R.  Hoyt 
Chairman 

Phoenix  Ingraham 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Battle,  George  Gordon  Leventritt,  David 

CouDERT,  Frederic  R.  Murray,  J.  Archibald 

Davis,  Gherardi  Pierce,  Henry  H. 

Dykman,  Col.  Wm.  N.  Smyth,  Herbert  C. 


MEMBERS 


Ballard,  Sumner 
Black,  William  Harman 
Blandy,  Charles 
Bryan,  Benj.  B. 
Burr,  William  P. 
Butler,  William  Allen 
Carpenter,  Charles  K. 
Cleary,  James  C. 
Cleland,  Henry 
Cohen,  William  N. 
Degnon,  Michael 

DiTTENHOEFER,  IrVING  M. 

Ernst,  Morris  L. 
Flagg,  Ernest 
Foster,  Roger 
Foster,  Judge  Warren  W. 
GiBBs,  Judge  Louis  D. 
Hall,  Ernest 
Hawkes,  McDougall 
HiNE,  Francis  L. 


HiRSCH,  Nathan 
Horowitz,  Louis  J. 
Hunt,  Leavitt  J. 
Martin,  Francis 
Minor,  Charles  F. 
Mitchell,  William 
Moran,  John  F. 
Murphy,  Judge  Daniel  F. 
O'Brien,  Morgan  J. 
Olyphant,  Robert 
O'Reilly,  Thomas  J. 
Satterlee,  Herbert  L. 
Shearn,  Judge  Clarence  J. 
Sheffield,  James  R. 
Sterling,  Louis  V. 
Stetson,  Francis  Lynde 
Triest,  W.  G. 
Untermyer,  Samuel 

WiNTHROP,  BrONSON 


COMMITTEE  ON  LAW 

CITY  AND  NATIONAL  INTERESTS 

INROADS  of  war  and  the  drastic  regulations  promulgated  by 
some  of  the  Federal  Government  Bureaus  have  given  this 
department  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  duties  of  especial  im- 
portance. There  are  so  many  large  legal  problems  affecting 
the  City  and  its  interests  by  reason  of  the  abnormal  state  of 
affairs  for  the  past  several  years  that  the  services  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Law  have  been  constantly  called  upon,  and  quite  as 
freely  given. 

The  attitude  of  the  Committee  has  been  one  of  friendly  con- 
tention for  upholding  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  City,  but 
at  the  same  time  giving  full  and  whole-hearted  support  to  the 
Federal  war  program,  while  endeavoring  always  to  protect  the 
legitimate  commercial  life  of  the  community. 

An  illustration  of  the  cordial  spirit  of  helpfulness  which  has 
been  shown  continually  is  indicated  by  the  relationship  which 
the  Mayor's  Committee,  as  a  whole,  working  through  its  com- 
ponent sections,  has  shown  towards  the  requirements  of  the 
War  Industries  Board  at  Washington.  A  number  of  proposals 
have  been  presented  from  that  source  which  called  to  their  full 
limit  for  exercise  of  the  sentiments  of  patriotism;  but  in  every 
case  it  has  been  possible  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  the  Federal 
authorities,  and  at  the  same  time  prove  to  the  interests  con- 
cerned in  New  York  City  that  great  vigilance  is  exercised  on 
their  behalf. 

The  large  official  legal  departments  of  the  City  have  done 
excellent  work  under  the  trying  circumstances  of  war;  but,  as  is 
natural,  there  were  a  number  of  features  of  war  work  for  which 
no  adequate  machinery  was  found  to  exist.   The  appeals  which 

[95: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


reached  the  Mayor's  Committee  for  additional  help  from  time 
to  time  never  were  made  in  vain.  If  facilities  did  not  exist, 
they  were  created  practically  over-night,  in  some  instances,  and 
there  was  continual  proof  of  the  capability  and  adaptiveness  of 
the  Mayor's  Committee  under  such  circumstances. 


PROTECTING  THE  FOREIGN-BORN 

A  WORK  of  personal,  as  well  as  professional,  interest  was  taken 
up  by  a  number  of  leading  attorneys  of  the  City,  who  responded 
promptly  to  the  appeal  made  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  to 
look  after  the  draftees  as  to  naturalization  laws,  etc.  A  study 
of  the  naturalization  laws  was  at  once  made  by  competent  legal 
authorities,  so  that  the  foreign-born  element  of  the  population 
particularly  could  be  promptly  informed  as  to  their  rights  as 
well  as  to  their  responsibilities.  This  useful  form  of  service 
worked  in  well  with  the  interests  of  the  Committees  on  Nation- 
alism, Loyalty,  Civic  Problems,  and  other  specialized  depart- 
ments of  the  general  committee  operating  from  the  Hall  of 
Records. 

The  problem  was  one  of  special  complexity,  by  reason  of  the 
Port  of  New  York  being  the  greatest  debarkation  point  in  the 
world  for  immigrants. 

In  hundreds,  if  not  indeed  thousands,  of  instances,  guidance 
has  been  given  to  patriotic  aliens  who  wished  to  have  a  part 
in  the  war,  by  suggesting  means  for  their  promptly  acquiring 
full  citizenship,  and  further  suggestions  to  the  authorities  for 
facilitating  the  issuance  of  the  necessary  naturalization  papers. 

At  the  same  time  care  was  exercised  that  undesirables  should 
be  kept  out  of  the  army  and  navy  by  the  application  of  the 
fundamental  and  basic  principles  of  exclusion  for  those  who 
were  considered  unready  or  unworthy  of  exercising  the  franchise 
of  American  citizenship.  The  whole  subject  was  scientifically 
treated,  with  the  double  thought  in  mind  of  winning  the  war 
and  of  building  up  a  discerning  American  citizenship. 

Commanding  as  it  does  the  voluntary  services  of  some  of  the 


COMMITTEE  ON  LAW 


leading  lawyers  of  New  York  City,  it  was  but  natural  that  sug- 
gested legislation  should  be  presented  by  members  of  this  Com- 
mittee from  time  to  time.  This  legislation  was  in  turn  put  into 
form  and  laid  before  the  proper  legislative  authorities  at  Al- 
bany. As  a  result,  during  the  present  session  of  the  Legislature 
some  useful  advancement  has  been  registered  for  the  benefit  of 
the  commonwealth. 

In  a  local  way  legislation  has  also  been  introduced  or  advised 
upon  by  the  Committee  on  Law,  either  acting  as  a  whole  or 
through  individual  members  of  the  legal  profession  from  among 
the  personnel  of  the  Mayor's  Committee.  A  useful  proposal 
affecting  the  civic  life  of  the  City  during  the  war  was  heard  by 
the  Committee  on  General  Welfare  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen 
in  connection  with  the  attention  which  had  been  brought  to 
the  matter  of  juvenile  delinquency.  After  a  number  of  con- 
ferences of  representative  workers  in  practical  sociology  had 
been  held  at  the  Children's  Court,  an  ordinance  was  drafted 
covering  the  matter  of  better  supervision  of  children  and  young 
people  by  their  parents  and  guardians,  which  ordinance  is  now 
pending  before  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 


HELPING  THE  FAMILIES 

A  NUMBER  of  Other  pieces  of  local.  State  or  Federal  legislation, 
as  affecting  the  welfare  of  the  City  as  a  whole,  have  been  given 
serious  consideration,  and  these  proposals  are  likely  to  take 
concrete  form  in  the  not  distant  future. 

Close  co-operation  has  been  had  with  the  Legal  Advisory 
Board.  Service  of  unusual  value  has  been  rendered  by  lawyers 
who  have  labored  as  volunteer  workers  in  passing  upon  and 
adjusting  the  many  legal  entanglements  which  naturally  have 
arisen  as  regards  property  rights  of  men  who  are  serving  on 
sea  or  on  land,  or  in  other  directions  through  circumstances 
arising  from  the  war.  A  similar,  and  not  less  humane,  work 
has  been  rendered  by  legal  advice  of  the  highest  order,  given 
freely  and  sympathetically,  to  the  families  of  those  who  are  serv- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ing  at  the  front.  In  the  case  of  the  Committee  on  Law,  as  in 
those  of  other  sections  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  acknowledg- 
ment is  hereby  made  of  the  sincere  and  generous  labors  which 
have  been  given  in  hundreds  of  instances  by  men  who  were 
already  overburdened  with  professional  and  personal  responsi- 
bilities. 

A  large  number  of  the  members  of  the  Mayor's  Committee 
have  worked  unremittingly  for  months  on  Local  Draft  Boards, 
coming  into  touch  with  the  most  intimate  life  of  the  people  in 
the  City;  and  the  discerning  advice  which  has  been  given  in 
multitudes  of  cases  was  such  that  in  the  ordinary  way  had  com- 
manded the  highest  legal  fees.  Many  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee has  gone  quite  outside  of  his  official  duties  by  rendering 
services  of  personal  kindness,  and  has  given  also  that  human 
and  sympathetic  touch  which  is  so  greatly  needed  in  times  of 
personal  stress  and  family  affliction. 

On  the  other  hand,  invaluable  work  has  been  rendered  in 
connection  with  the  Bureau  of  Investigation  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee.  As  is  natural,  there  has  always  been  a  proportion 
of  malingerers  and  others  who,  either  in  evading,  or  endeavoring 
to  elude  the  draft,  or  making  false  representations,  tried  to 
evade  duty  to  their  country  and  to  the  Allied  cause.  Such  cases 
were  dealt  wiih  promptly  and  effectively. 

It  is  obvious  that  in  the  period  of  rehabilitation  following 
the  war,  the  continued  services  of  the  Committee  on  Law  must 
be  freely  called  upon. 

AN  ADVISORY  BODY 

This  important  section  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  must  of  ne- 
cessity continue  to  operate,  mostly,  in  an  advisory  capacity. 
While  it  is  co-operating  with  the  other  committees  and  has 
served  in  an  important  capacity  to  many  of  them,  a  good  deal 
of  its  work  necessarily  is  of  a  confidential  nature. 

Many  legal  questions  have  arisen,  and  will  continue  to  arise, 
which  are  demanding  the  attention  of  this  Committee.  It  is 
hardly  possible  to  state  all  of  these  questions,  but  some  that 


COMMITTEE  ON  LAW 


have  arisen  up  to  the  present  time  relate  to  the  following 
matters: 

1 .  The  right  of  the  Federal  Government  to  condemn  property 
required  for  municipal  purposes. 

2.  The  right  of  the  Government  to  deprive  the  City  of  the 
tax  income  previously  derived  from  property  taken  over  by  the 
Government  for  war  purposes. 

3.  The  liability  of  insurance  companies  for  damages  result- 
ing from  fire  and  explosion  losses  due  to  acts  of  war  or  acts  of 
alien  enemies. 

4.  The  liability  of  insurance  companies  and  casualty  com- 
panies for  personal  injuries  and  damages  due  to  acts  of  war 
and  of  alien  enemies. 

5.  The  rights  and  liabilities  of  individuals  growing  out  of  the 
national  draft  and  military  service  laws. 

6.  The  rights  and  liabilities  growing  out  of  the  national. 
State,  and  municipal  taxation  laws  as  affected  by  war  condi- 
tions. 

7.  The  rights  and  liabilities  of  individuals,  firms,  and  corpo- 
rations as  affected  by  losses  due  to  enemy  war  measures,  acts  of 
aliens,  or  growing  out  of  riots  or  other  disturbances. 

8.  The  rights  and  liabilities  of  citizens  or  residents  growing 
out  of  so-called  espionage  laws. 

Q.  The  rights  and  liabilities  of  soldiers  or  families  of  soldiers 
in  the  military  service  of  the  national,  State,  or  municipal  gov- 
ernment, or  other  organizations  affiliated  as  a  guard  for  military 
purposes  and  growing  out  of  war  conditions. 

CIVIC  READJUSTMENT 

In  these  the  Committee  on  Law  is  actively  co-operating  with 
the  War  Committee  of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and 
many  of  its  lawyers  have  been  specifically  assigned  to  special 
matters  from  that  Committee.  Various  communications  have 
been  received  from  other  departments  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee regarding  the  legality  of  certain  matters  pertaining  to 

1:99: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


their  work.  These  are  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Law  for 
answer.  Special  investigations  have  been  held  by  some  of  the 
committees  to  which  the  Committee  on  Law  has  furnished  legal 
assistance. 

In  the  many  and  complex  questions  which  will  inevitably  fol- 
low upon  the  close  of  the  war,  the  Committee  on  Law  will  un- 
doubtedly continue  to  be  the  medium  where  the  questions  of 
civic  readjustment  will  receive  full  consideration. 


COMMITTEE  ON  LOYALTY 


This  Committee  has  general  supervision  of  efforts  to  arouse  a  deeper 
and  more  active  spirit  and  a  better  understanding  of  loyalty  in 
the  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  York,  native  and  foreign 
born,  as  a  spiritual,  moral  and  material  defense  of 
the  City  and  Nation  and  an  inspiration  to  the 
people  of  the  United  States. 


Rodman  Wanamaker 
Chairman 

A.  D.  JUILLIARD 
Vice-Chairman 

Joseph  H.  Appel 
Executive  Chairman 

0 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Alexander,  Charles  B. 


Hedges,  Job  E. 
MacDonald,  George 
Morgan,  Wm.  Fellowes 


Babcock,  Woodward 
Baker,  George  F.,  Jr, 
Delafield,  Richard 
Dodge,  Cleveland  H. 


Peabody,  Charles  A. 
Taft,  Henry  W. 


Foster,  Frederic  de  Peyster 


Jams,  J.  Frederick 


MEMBERS 


Abbott,  Lawrence  F. 
Adamson,  Robert 
Anderson,  Ellery  O. 
Barsotti,  Carlo 
Barton,  Bruce 
Beard,  Daniel  C. 
Beck,  James  M. 
Boomer,  L.  M. 
Brainard,  Clinton  T. 
Buckley,  George  D. 
Butler,  Edmond  J. 
Cadman,  Rev.  S.  Parkes 
CoE,  Franklin 
Collier,  Robert  J. 
Collins,  Frederick  L. 
Cook,  George  E. 
Cook,  John  W. 
Cortelyou,  George  B. 
Crowninshield,  Frank 
Damon,  Col.  Alexander  M. 
Day,  William  A. 
Dillingham,  C.  B. 
Dingwall,  Adam 
Dryden,  Forrest  F. 
Duffield,  Rev.  Howard 
Dunn,  Robert  R. 
Ely,  Robert  Erskine 
Farrell,  Rev.  William  b. 
Flaherty,  Frank  B. 
Franklin,  P.  A.  S. 
Friedkin,  Israel 
Frost,  John  F. 
Frugone,  Frank  L. 
Gannon,  Thomas  F. 
Gibson,  Harvey  D. 
Gunnison,  Herbert  F. 
Harman,  John  N. 
Harriss,  Dr.  John  A. 
Harvey,  George 
Hawley,  Alan  R. 
Hogan,  Edward  J. 
Houston,  Herbert  S. 
Howland,  Karl  V.  S. 
HoYT,  Justice  F.  Chase 
Huntsman,  R.  F.  R. 
Johansen,  Charles  K. 
Johnson,  Alvin 
Johnston,  William 
Kamaiky,  Leon  S. 
Kernochan,  Justice  Frederick 
Kingsley,  Darwin  P. 
Krech,  Alvin  W. 
Lanier,  Charles  D. 
Larkin,  William  P. 
Lavelle.  Rt.  Rev.  M.  J. 
Lewis,  William  E. 


Manning,  Walter  W. 

Marston,  Edwin  S. 

McAdoo,  Chief  Magistrate  William 

McCarthy,  Thomas  D. 

McKay,  J.  A. 

Merrill,  Bradford 

Metcalfe,  James  S. 

Meyer,  Paul 

MiLBURN,  John  G. 

Miles,  William  A. 

Mitchell,  Charles  E. 

Mokarzel,  N.  a. 

Moore,  Joseph  A. 

Moore,  Thomas  H. 

Mullan,  Justice  George  V. 

MuNN,  Charles  Allen 

MuNSEY,  Frank  A. 

Na WENCH,  Albert  M. 

Ochs,  Adolph  S. 

O'CoNNELL,  David  J. 

O'Flaherty,  James 

Opffer,  Emil 

Outerbridge,  E.  H. 

Paley,  Herman 

Pasvolsky,  Leo 

Perkins,  George  W. 

Reid,  Ogden 

Reisner,  Rev.  Christian  F. 

Richardson,  Allan  H. 

Robbins,  Very  Rev.  H.  C. 

Rogers,  Jason 

Rutland,  C. 

Ryan,  Allan  A. 

Sampers,  I.  H. 

Scholz,  Emil  M. 

Scott,  Robert 

Scribner,  Charles 

Sherrill,  Bric.-Gen.  Charles  H. 

Shonts,  Theodore  P. 

Shuster,  W.  Morgan 

Sleicher,  John  A. 

Sloane,  John 

Somers,  Arthur  S. 

Talbot,  Richmond 

TwiTCHELL,  H.  K. 

Vail,  Theodore  N. 

Vance,  Arthur  T. 

Vlasto,  Solon  S.  \. 

Weinberg,  Morris 

West,  Ja.mes  E. 

Whigham,  H.  J. 

Wiggin,  Albert  H. 

Wilder,  George  W. 

Williams,  Talcott 

Wise,  Rabbi  Stephen  S. 

Woods,  Wm.  Seaver 


COMMITTEE  ON  LOYALTY 


LOYALTY  WEEK 

OUR  effort  is  to  bring  to  every  resident  of  Greater  New 
York,  and  especially  to  our  great  foreign-born  popula- 
tion, the  immediate  realization  that  each  one  must  exert  some 
influence  to  show  the  full  meaning  of  patriotism  towards  Amer- 
ica at  this  special  time  in  our  national  history."  Thus  read  the 
message  sent  out  by  this  Committee  as  a  prelude  to  Loyalty 
Week  in  1918.  The  programme  reached  in  reality  up  to  and 
including  the  great  Independence  Day  celebration.  From  the 
Mayor's  office  there  was  issued  the  following: 

PROCLAMATION! 

To  all  Citizens  of  the  City  of  New  York: 

In  response  to  the  petition  of  a  million  foreign  born  citizens  of  the 
United  States  the  President  has  given  his  approval  to  their  plan  to 
show  their  loyalty  to  the  country  by  celebrations  on  Independence 
Day,  and  calls  upon  his  fellow  citizens  to  make  this  day  "in  the  year 
when  all  the  principles  to  which  we  stand  pledged  are  on  trial,  the 
most  significant  in  our  national  history,  celebrating  the  birth  of  a 
new  and  greater  spirit  of  democracy." 

In  New  York  City  the  Special  Committee  on  Loyalty  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  has  suggested  that  leading 
up  to  this  celebration  on  Independence  Day  our  entire  citizenship, 
both  native  and  foreign  born,  dedicate  itself  in  advance  to  the  sacred 
cause  of  welding  together  our  mixed  population  into  a  unified  Ameri- 
can citizenship  so  that  all  of  us  may  have  a  better  understanding  of 
what  constitutes  loyalty  in  these  times  of  confused  thought,  misunder- 
stood rights  and  duties,  and  new  obligations  and  responsibilities  im- 
posed by  the  war  on  all  citizens  of  the  republic. 

Now,  therefore,  I,  John  F.  Hylan,  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
do  request  that  beginning  on  Flag  Day,  June  14,  the  citizens  of  this 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


city  solemnly  pledge  themselves  anew  in  loyalty  to  their  homes,  their 
churches,  their  work,  their  city,  and  their  country,  and  dedicate  them- 
selves to  winning  the  victory  that  must  come  to  America  and  her 
Allies  by  the  clear  understanding  of  principles  our  forefathers  fought 
for  and  laid  down  through  their  blood  to  give  us  democracy  and 
liberty. 

One  flag,  one  people,  one  country,  must  be  our  slogan.  I  therefore 
direct  that  the  Stars  and  Stripes  be  displayed  everywhere  in  our  city 
beginning  June  14,  and  I  ask  that  our  citizens  give  their  hearty,  ac- 
tive co-operation  to  the  programme  of  the  Loyalty  Committee  which 
is  as  follows: 

June  14:  Flag  Day — Special  observance  in  the  schools. 

June  1 5 :  Community  meetings  in  the  parks  with  a  festival  of  flowers 
signifying  sacrifice  and  loyalty. 

June  16:  Loyalty  sermons  to  be  preached  in  all  the  churches. 

June  17:  Five-minute  Loyalty  meetings  to  be  held  in  all  places  of 
business  with  speeches  or  readings  from  patriotic  utterances 
of  our  Presidents. 

June  18:  Newspaper  Day,  Loyalty  editorials  in  all  newspapers. 

June  19:  Theatre  and  Motion  Picture  Loyalty  Day,  with  loyalty  talks 
by  the  Four-Minute  Men. 

June  20:  Gatherings  and  parades  in  the  evening  (taking  advantage 
of  the  extra  daylight)  for  drill  of  the  foreign  born  who  ex- 
pect to  take  part  in  the  celebration  on  Independence  Day. 

June  2 1 :  Pledge  Day — Beginning  the  enrollment  of  Loyalty  Guards. 

June  22  to  July  4:  Continuing  the  Loyalty  propaganda,  enrollment  of 
Loyalty  Guards,  and  preparations  for  the  special  celebra- 
tion on  Independence  Day. 

July  4:  Parade  of  the  foreign  born  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  York 
as  a  public  pledge  to  their  loyalty  to  the  United  States. 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused 
the  seal  of  the  City  of  New  York  to  be  affixed. 

Done  in  the  City  of  New  York,  this  seventh  day  of  June,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen. 

(Signed)      John  F.  Hylan. 

By  the  Mayor: 

Grover  a.  Whalen, 

Secretary  to  the  Mayor. 

ni04ll 


COMMITTEE  ON  LOYALTY 


PULPIT  AND  PRESS 

Many  thousands  of  copies  of  this  Proclamation,  measuring 
22"  X  14",  were  distributed  throughout  Greater  New  York  by 
the  Police  Department,  and  12,000  copies  of  the  admirable 
pamphlet  issued  by  the  Chairman  and  Executive  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Loyalty  were  likewise  ofTicially  circulated. 
The  features  of  the  programme  for  the  week  and  the  period  fol- 
lowing were  carried  through  with  conspicuous  success. 

Every  section  of  the  press,  both  in  English  and  foreign  lan- 
guages, gave  the  campaign  for  Loyalty  such  hearty  co-opera- 
tion that  many  columns  of  free  reading  matter  were  given  by 
editors  of  scores  of  newspapers  whose  pages  already  were  over- 
crowded with  war  matter.  Never  before  has  the  press  of  the 
metropolis  made  so  generous  a  contribution  to  the  cause  of  civic 
betterment.  The  journalistic  influence  extended,  in  fact,  far 
beyond  the  borders  of  the  city,  as  the  leading  press  associations 
spread  news  of  New  York's  doings  throughout  this  country  and 
to  other  nations. 

Hundreds  of  sermons  were  preached  on  Loyalty  as  the  result 
of  sermonic  outlines  and  other  homiletic  material  which  was 
supplied  to  the  clergy  of  all  denominations.  This  material  in- 
cluded "The  Creed  of  an  American,"  whose  key-note  was  that 
"America's  true  greatness  is  greatness  of  brotherly  services  to 
all  nations." 

A  great  number  of  public  meetings  was  held  throughout  the 
metropolis.  One  of  these  on  the  East  Side  was  attended  by 
twenty  thousand  persons.  Large  and  enthusiastic  gatherings 
were  the  general  rule. 

LOYALTY  WEEK  LUNCHEON 

Launching  Loyalty  Week,  the  Chairman  gave  a  luncheon  at 
Sherry's  to  the  full  Committee  and  to  Mayor  Hylan  and  Rich- 
ard E.  Enright,  Police  Commissioner,  and  representatives  of 
foreign  governments  in  New  York  City. 

In  his  brief  speech  Mr.  Rodman  Wanamaker  said  it  would 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


not  be  necessary  for  him  to  tell  the  men  present  what  loyalty 
means,  for  they  all  knew,  and  they  knew,  too,  that  America  is 
in  the  war  to  battle  for  the  freedom  of  the  whole  world.  Speak- 
ing of  the  Kaiser,  he  said: 

"So  long  as  there  is  a  stripe  or  a  star  on  the  American  flag 
we  will  strive  to  push  him  off  the  earth." 

Later  on  a  burst  of  applause  came  when  he  said: 

"We've  got  to  find  a  way  into  Russia.  And  when  our  good 
President  finds  the  way  you  will  see  it  will  be  done." 

He  spoke  of  the  work  ahead  for  the  Committee  in  arousing  the 
loyalty  of  Americans  of  foreign  birth  here,  and  said: 

"We'll  go  through  as  a  flying  wedge,  and  we'll  find  all  these 
people  of  foreign  birth  and  foreign  parentage,  no  matter  what 
their  hyphenated  names  may  be,  and  we'll  make  Americans  of 
them.  Thank  God,  I  have  a  boy  over  there  fighting  for  a 
French  grandfather  and  an  American  father." 

A  MESSAGE  FROM  RUSSIA 

Mr.  Wanamaker's  assertion  that  the  United  States  must  find  a 
way  into  Russia  was  not  only  received  with  the  hearty  approval 
of  all  at  the  luncheon,  but  it  evoked  a  reply  later  on  from  Mr. 
Leo  Pasvolsky,  editor  of  the  Russkoye  Slovo,  the  only  member 
of  the  Loyalty  Committee  who  is  of  Russian  birth.  Mr.  Pas- 
volsky in  his  speech  said: 

America  is  the  decisive  factor  in  the  war  for  two  reasons:  First, 
because  her  prowess  of  arms  insures  victory  for  the  Allied  cause,  and, 
second,  because  her  spirit  of  democracy  insures  the  establishment  of 
justice  after  the  war. 

And  the  whole  democratic  world  looks  to  America  for  leadership, 
stands  in  undivided  loyalty  to  the  cause  for  which  America  is  fight- 
ing, and,  therefore,  to  America  herself.  This  is  particularly  true  of 
those  countries  which  have  already  been  crushed  by  the  heel  of  Prus- 
sianism,  and  especially  of  Russia. 

MIND  AGAINST  MIND 
In  outlining  the  purpose  of  Loyalty  Week,  Mr.  Joseph  H. 
Appel,  Executive  Chairman,  said  in  part: 

Your  Loyalty  Committee,  Mr.  Mayor,  is  appealing  both  to  the 
head  and  the  heart  of  our  citizenship. 


COMMITTEE  ON  LOYALTY 


There  is  but  one  source  of  righteous  power  in  the  world — Infinite 
Mind,  whose  attributes  are  truth,  love  and  harmony.  This  divine 
Mind  functions  through  the  human  mind.  Mind  functions  through 
Thought.  Thought  is  like  electricity,  the  most  constructive  and  use- 
ful of  all  forces  when  rightly  directed,  the  most  destructive  and  deadly 
when  it  runs  amuck  or  is  turned  into  wrong  channels. 

The  world  war  to-day  is  the  conflict  between  the  erring,  inverted, 
distorted,  powerful  mind  of  the  Prussian  military  autocracy,  run 
amuck  from  God,  and  the  true,  real,  loyal  and  even  more  powerful 
mind  of  the  free  people  of  the  Allies  seeking  to  carry  out  to  the  best 
of  their  ability  the  principles,  laws  and  ideals  of  God  Himself. 

Prussia,  by  means  of  its  highly  developed  science,  philosophy, 
efficiency  and  military  rule,  damnable  all  in  their  prostituted  uses,  has 
built  up  so  powerful  a  mind  and  will  to  conquer  the  world  and  impose 
its  forms  of  slavery  on  other  people  that  it  will  require  the  utmost 
resources  of  the  free,  true  and  loyal  mind  of  the  world,  with  the  help 
of  God,  to  stop  its  onward  march  and  destroy  forever  its  sinister 
menace. 

Make  no  mistake  about  the  issue.  On  the  battle-field  the  clash  is 
between  fire  and  fire,  between  metal  and  metal,  between  man  and 
man.  In  the  war  councils  the  contest  is  one  of  men,  money,  guns, 
ships  and  food.  But  back  of  this  physical  side  of  war  is  mind, 
thought.  And  back  of  thought  is  the  Spirit  of  the  people.  Thought 
conceives.  Mind  plans.  The  body  executes.  But  only  the  Spirit 
sustains. 


THE  REAL  ISSUE 

The  issue  is  man's  distorted  mind  against  the  real  Mind  and  Spirit 
of  God.  We  are  fighting  against  the  menace  of  slavery.  Yes,  against 
slavery  more  brutal  and  degrading  than  any  the  world  has  ever 
known:  slavery  of  the  body,  slavery  of  the  mind,  slavery  of  the  heart, 
slavery  even  of  the  soul.  We  are  fighting  against  the  blasphemous 
claim  of  divine  right  of  any  man  or  clique  to  rule,  by  birth  or  by 
sword,  over  any  people  with  or  without  their  consent. 

We  are  fighting  against  the  domination  and  enslavement  of  small 
nations,  seeking  to  live  their  lives  as  autonomous  free  peoples;  against 
the  violation  of  contract  and  treaty;  against  dishonor,  injustice,  in- 
tolerance, atrocity,  cruelty  and  frightfulness. 

We  are  fighting  against  the  Prince  of  Error  and  Evil  himself,  per- 
sonified in  the  Prussian  Kaiser,  the  Crown  Prince  and  their  military 
caste. 

We  are  fighting  for  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness 
through  loyal  labor,  which  our  immortal  Declaration  of  Independence 
affirmed  to  be  the  inalienable  right  of  free  people.  "The  man  who 
says  we  are  fighting  only  for  democracy,"  said  Henry  P.  Davison, 
executive  head  of  the  American  Red  Cross,  upon  his  return  from  the 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


battle-ground,  "does  not  know  what  he  is  talking  about.  We  are 
fighting  for  our  very  lives."  Yet  never  shall  we  save  the  physical 
lives  of  ourselves  and  of  our  children  by  selling  our  mental  lives  and 
spiritual  lives  into  bondage. 

We  are  fighting  for  the  freedom  of  our  whole  lives — physical,  men- 
tal and  spiritual. 

We  are  fighting  for  the  right  to  live  our  lives  as  the  Creator  and 
not  the  Kaiser  intended  they  should  be  lived. 

We  are  fighting  for  the  right  to  work  and  achieve  in  the  comrade- 
ship of  loyal  co-operative  association. 

To-day  the  world  needs  above  all  else  the  absolute  loyalty  of  every 
man  and  woman.  Industry  needs  the  loyal  worker.  And  stricken 
civilization  prays  that  loyalty  to  the  Great  Cause  will  soon  bring 
lasting  peace  on  earth  and  good  will  among  men. 

100,000  IN  PARADE 

Loyalty  Week  culminated  in  the  Independence  Day  pageant 
in  which  more  than  one  hundred  thousand  people  took  part, 
representing  every  race  and  nationality  now  resident  in  New 
York  City,  a  parade  that  took  more  than  ten  hours  in  the  pass- 
ing. 

For  the  guidance  of  other  communities  and  as  a  matter  of 
record  there  is  reproduced  the  Permanent  Plan  for  Loyalty 
Week  as  adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee  for  the  New  York 
observance,  as  follows: 

PURPOSE 

The  Committee  on  Loyalty  shall  have  general  supervision  of 
all  efforts  to  arouse  a  deeper,  finer,  sturdier  and  more  active 
spirit  and  a  better  understanding  of  Loyalty  in  the  citizens  and 
residents  of  the  City  of  New  York,  native  and  foreign  born,  as 
a  spiritual,  moral  and  material  defense  of  the  city  and  nation 
and  an  inspiration  to  all  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

NEED 

The  war  is  awakening  a  new  and  broader  conception  of  Loy- 
alty. It  is  uniting  peoples  of  many  lands  in  a  unity  of  Loyalty 
for  a  Cause — a  righteous  Cause.   In  the  City  of  New  York  are 

CloSn 


THE 

MAYOR  S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


HAS  CONFE8KED  LPON  THE 
 A  \i  EKICA  NS_0  F  


OHIGIN 
THIS 


DIPLOMA 

GIVEN  H\  THE  JOAN  OF  ARC  STATU  E  COMMITTEE 
AND  AWaPDED  fop  THEIP  NATIONAL  DISPLAV 


THE  FOREIGN  BORN  PAGEANT  PARADE 

INDEPENDENCE  DAY 


COMMITTEE  ON  PAGEANTCY  AND 
HISTORY 


Ch\iPMAN  COMMITTEE  ON  ARTS 
AND  DEC'lHATION 


CHAlBLHAS 

THE  iTtviMirTEE  ON  NAT^A*!  tiEVTSi-E 


'the  M-AVOR'S  COVl%trTT£f  ON  NATIOVAL  P^^H 


SPECIMEN  DIPLOMA  AWARDED  TO 
PARTICIPATING  NATIONAL  GROUPS 


COMMITTEE  ON  LOYALTY 


people  who  were  born  in  a  large  number  of  foreign  countries, 
forming  more  than  one-third  of  the  city's  population.  An  ad- 
ditional large  percentage  are  of  immediate  foreign  ancestry.  To 
weld  our  mixed  population  into  a  unified  American  citizenship, 
the  principles  of  American  Loyalty  must  be  explained,  taught 
and  assimilated  through  propaganda  and  education.  Even  the 
American  born,  including  women  voters  now  added  to  our  citi- 
zenship through  suffrage,  desire  a  better  understanding  of  what 
constitutes  Loyalty  in  these  times  of  confused  thought,  misun- 
derstood rights  and  duties,  and  new  obligations  and  responsibil- 
ities imposed  by  the  war  on  all  citizens  of  the  republic. 

PLAN 

Inaugurate  unceasing  propaganda  throughout  the  city  to  es- 
tablish the  fundamental  principles  and  elements  of  Loyalty: 

1.  Loyalty  to  city,  State  and  country,  to  inspire  patriotism 
and  preserve  the  free  institutions  of  democracy. 

2.  Loyalty  in  personal  and  family  life — to  safeguard  the 
sacredness  of  the  home. 

3.  Loyalty  in  work — to  prevent  misunderstandings  and  pre- 
serve a  just  balance  between  capital  and  labor. 

4.  Loyalty  of  individuals  to  each  other  and  to  society  in  gen- 
eral. 

CHANNELS 

Loyalty  propaganda  to  proceed  through  these  channels: 

1.  Through  the  churches,  embracing  all,  without  regard  to 
creed,  sect  or  form:  Jewish  and  Gentile,  Catholic  and 
Protestant,  Christian  Science,  Ethical  Culture,  religious 
organizations  of  all  kinds. 

2.  Through  the  schools,  public  and  private,  including  col- 
leges and  universities. 

3.  Through  business  houses  and  organizations  and  manu- 
facturing bodies. 

4.  Through  fraternal,  social  and  other  organizations  estab- 
lished for  the  common  good. 

C  109] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


5.  Through  associations  representing  the  law,  banking, 
brokerage,  real  estate,  transportation,  engineering,  medi- 
cine, art,  science  and  all  branches  of  human  advance  and 
activity. 

6.  Through  organizations  devoted  to  charity,  settlement 
work,  research  and  public  welfare  in  general. 

7.  Through  the  public  prints — newspapers,  magazines,  pe- 
riodicals— in  all  languages  represented  by  publications  in 
New  York  City. 

8.  Through  the  theatres,  motion  picture  houses,  halls  of 
music  and  all  places  of  amusement. 

g.  Through  lectures  and  talks  in  public  halls. 

10.  Through  posters  and  other  forms  of  publicity. 

1 1.  Through  personal  contact,  citizen  with  citizen. 
Propaganda  work  to  begin  with  a  week  set  aside  by  procla- 
mation of  the  Mayor  as  » 


LOYALTY  WEEK 

To  be  celebrated  in  churches  with  Loyalty  sermons. 

In  schools  with  Loyalty  talks  by  teachers  and  addresses  by 
superintendents  and  other  educators. 

In  places  of  amusement  with  five-minute  Loyalty  talks  by 
prominent  men  and  women. 

In  the  newspapers  and  periodicals  with  Loyalty  editorials 
and  features. 

In  places  of  business  with  Loyalty  meetings  between  em- 
ployer and  employees. 

In  the  city  generally  with  Loyalty  posters,  cartoons  and 
patriotic  pictures. 

Loyalty  Week  to  be  followed  with  a  general  distribution  of 
pamphlets  and  printed  propaganda  in  various  languages,  ex- 
plaining the  basis  of  American  Loyalty  and  the  present  need  of 
a  better  understanding  of  Loyalty  in  all  its  phases  and  relations. 


COMMITTEE  ON  MEDICAL  AND 
SURGICAL  RELIEF 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  questions  relating  to 
emergency  medical  and  surgical  relief  in  the 
City  of  New  York. 

Dr.  Francis  C.  Edgerton 
Chairman 

Dr.  John  Dorning 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Abbe,  Dr.  Robert  Delavan,  Dr.  D.  Bryson 

Allen,  Ethan  Fitzsimmons,  William  F. 

Bangs,  F.  S.  Goetze,  Frederick  A. 

Cutting,  R.  Fulton  Penfield,  Frederic  C. 


MEMBERS 


Abbott,  William  H. 
Agar,  John  G. 
Alexander,  Dr.  A. 
Allen,  Dr.  Herbert  C. 
Atkinson,  William  F. 
Atterbury,  Rev.  Anson  P. 
Barsotti,  Carlo 
Bassler,  Dr.  Anthony 
BiCKFORD,  Herbert  J. 
Clarke,  Audley 
Clover,  Rev.  Geo.  F. 
Coleman,  Judge  Charles  W. 
Davis,  John 

Dearden,  Dr.  John  Edwin 
DeBragga,  Joseph  H. 
Dench,  Dr.  Edward  B. 
Doran,  George  H. 
Drummond,  Walter  J. 
Dunnigan,  John  J. 
Egbert,  Rev.  Geo.  Drew 
Elsberg,  Nathaniel  A. 
Evans,  Hartman  K. 
EviNS,  Hon.  Samuel  H. 
Farrelly,  Stephen 
Fisher,  Dr.  Ernest  S. 
Goldwater,  Dr.  S.  S. 


Hammond,  Dr.  Graeme  M. 
Jacobi,  Dr.  a. 

Klein,  Dr.  Simon  Robert 
Klepper,  Dr.  Julius  I. 
Levi,  Nathaniel  H. 
Lichenstein,  Bernard 
LoTz,  Dr.  G.  C. 
Lydon,  Richard  P. 
Martin,  Frederick 
McGean,  Rt.  Rev.  James  H. 
Meding,  Dr.  C.  B. 
Park,  Dr.  William  H. 
Perilli,  Dr.  John  W. 
Peters,  Curtis  A. 
PuRDY,  Dr.  Harry  R. 
RoBisoN,  Rabbi  A.  G. 
Sayre,  Dr.  Reginald  H. 
Smith,  Very  Rev.  Ignatius 
Smith,  Dr.  J.  Gardner 
Stella,  Dr.  Antonio 
Van  deWater,  Rev.  Geo.  R, 
Werner,  Dr.  Louis  H. 
Whalen,  Robt.  T. 
Wiernik,  Peter 
WoLFSoN,  Leo 


COMMITTEE  ON  MEDICAL  AND 
SURGICAL  RELIEF 

ZONING  FOR  HEALTH 

THIS  Committee  in  general  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  of 
medical  and  surgical  relief  of  practically  every  description. 
Normally  the  city  is  excellently  served  through  the  Board  of 
Health  and  the  Medical  Relief  Service  Bureau  of  the  Police 
Department.  But  war  conditions  have  shown  the  need  for  sup- 
plemental aid  by  civilian  agencies.  One  of  the  proposals  of  the 
Committee  is  that  the  City  be  divided  into  zones,  and  to  these 
zones  should  be  assigned  physicians  and  surgeons  who  work  in 
co-operation  with  patriotic  citizens  likewise  assigned  to  zones, 
which  citizens  report  health  conditions  within  their  zones  to  the 
Committee. 

Not  alone  does  the  Committee  operate  along  strictly  rec- 
ognized lines  of  medical  and  surgical  relief.  Its  duties  involve 
also  a  very  large  amount  of  what  may  be  termed  protective 
work — protective  in  the  sense  of  safeguarding  the  community 
against  disease  and  injury,  not  only  by  instructing  the  public 
as  to  health  requirements,  but  also  protecting  as  against  the 
cold,  lack  of  clothing,  under-nutrition,  and  the  like. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  is  treating  the  matter  of  medical 
and  surgical  relief,  on  a  scientific  as  well  as  a  practical  basis, 
to  supplement  the  regular  bureaus  of  the  City.  The  aim  is  to 
make  effective  preventive  measures  for  the  removal  of  the 
tendency  of  diseases  to  become  acute.  It  is  considered  that  this 
is  specially  necessary  nowadays  by  reason  of  the  sudden  con- 
centration of  large  numbers  of  people  which  had  not  been 
anticipated  previous  to  the  war. 

The  wonderful  sanitary  arrangements  of  the  Army  and  Navy 

nii3:] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


for  dealing  with  these  abnormal  conditions  have  made  it  felt 
that  with  the  proper  co-operation  of  the  civilian  population,  the 
arrangements  inaugurated  through  the  regular  bureaus  may  be 
greatly  strengthened  and  extended.  The  Mayor's  Committee 
is  giving  specialized  attention  to  the  housing  of  the  industrial 
classes  accordingly. 

SPANISH  INFLUENZA 

War's  demands  stripped  many  localities  in  Greater  New  York 
of  a  large  portion  of  their  normal  supply  of  medical  atten- 
dants. In  addition  to  this  extraordinary  strain  there  came 
the  abnormal  conditions  brought  about  by  the  epidemic  of 
Spanish  influenza  in  the  autumn  of  1 918,  so  that  the  sanitation 
of  New  York  became  one  of  the  most  serious  problems  which 
ever  has  confronted  the  City. 

This  Committee  acted  at  once  in  co-operation  with  the  Com- 
mittee on  Sanitation  in  putting  into  effect  remedial  measures 
which  resulted  finally  in  bringing  the  epidemic  under  control; 
as  well  as  assisting  in  carrying  through  the  general  health  pro- 
gram of  the  City.  Effective  efforts  have  been  made  as  a  matter 
of  patriotic  service  to  get  medical  relief  to  the  families  of  those 
who  were  called  to  the  colors,  so  that  social  and  moral  condi- 
tions alike  might  be  kept  in  control. 

It  was  realized  that  the  taking  over  for  war  purposes  by  the 
Government  of  hospitals  and  relief  facilities  greatly  affected 
the  ability  of  the  ordinary  civilian  to  obtain  the  same  sort  of 
medical  and  surgical  relief  to  which  he  was  accustomed  in  peace 
times.  It  was  in  this  connection  that  physicians  and  citizens 
alike  were  able  to  render  immense  help  in  maintaining  the 
average  standards  of  health  in  the  community,  when  so  many 
doctors  and  nurses  had  responded  to  the  calls  for  service  at 
home  and  abroad,  leaving  their  districts  with  indifferent  relief 
facilities. 

The  Committee  on  Medical  and  Surgical  Relief  was  organized 
to  act  in  close  co-operation  with  the  Department  of  Sanitation 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  the  Health  Department  of  the 


COMMITTEE  ON  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  RELIEF 


City,  the  strain  upon  the  regular  departments  being  greatly  en- 
larged by  the  increased  strenuousness  brought  about  by  the 
pressure  of  industries  and  other  efforts  of  the  people  of  New 
York  City  towards  the  winning  of  the  war. 

The  maintenance  of  emergency  and  relief  stations  has  been 
a  powerful  and  potent  factor  in  keeping  up  the  strength  and 
morale  of  the  citizens.  The  community  as  a  whole  is  in  conse- 
quence better  equipped  than  otherwise  would  be  the  case  in 
maintaining  emergency  and  relief  stations  for  the  conditions 
arising  at  the  close  of  the  war,  with  return  of  the  enlisted  men 
from  the  fields  of  battle  abroad. 

DRUG  ADDICTION  AND  EFFICIENCY 

A  MATTER  of  vital  importance  which  is  having  the  attention  of 
this  Committee  is  that  of  drug  addiction.  Very  useful  work  has 
been  done  by  the  consolidated  committees,  as  newly  organized, 
of  the  State  Legislative  Association  of  the  New  York  City 
Committee  on  Drug  Evil,  whose  membership  includes  a  num- 
ber of  those  most  active  in  social  problems  on  the  Mayor's 
Committee.  A  movement  with  which  the  Mayor's  Committee 
operates  against  this  growing  menace  represents  Federal,  State 
and  municipal  interests,  both  the  State  and  New  York  City 
Departments  of  Health  having  representatives;  the  State  Asso- 
ciation of  Magistrates,  the  New  York  City  Courts,  the  District 
Attorneys  of  New  York,  Kings  and  Bronx  Counties,  the  United 
States  Internal  Revenue,  the  Customs  Service  and  the  United 
States  Army,  together  with  civic  organizations  in  the  City  of 
New  York  devoted  to  social  service. 

In  these  matters  the  Mayor's  Committee  works  with  the 
Police  Department  of  New  York,  through  its  specialized 
branches  dealing  with  the  matter.  Special  attention  is  being 
paid  to  strengthening  the  amendment  to  the  Public  Health  Law, 
providing  for  the  regulation  and  control  of  the  sale,  prescribing, 
dispensing,  dealing  in  and  distribution  of  cocaine  and  opium 
and  their  derivatives,  as  presented  before  the  Legislative  Nar- 
cotic Drug  Committee  in  March,  1918. 

1:115: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


This  matter  vitally  affects  the  efficiency  of  the  armed  forces 
of  America,  although  the  number  of  addicts  is  fortunately 
small.  Drug  addiction  is  forbidden  by  regulation  both  in  the 
Army  and  Navy;  and  in  the  Navy  at  least  any  disability  arising 
from  such  addiction  is  considered  "not  in  line  of  duty"  and  the 
subject  thereof  forfeits  pay  while  on  the  sick  list,  the  disability 
being  described  as  "due  to  his  own  misconduct." 

Conference  is  being  had  with  the  Federal  Government  re- 
garding the  strengthening  of  the  national  anti-narcotic  legis- 
lation now  effective.  Judged  by  a  report  of  the  special  investi- 
gating committee  of  the  Treasury  Department,  the  present 
legislation  leaves  much  to  be  desired.  The  number  of  drug 
addicts  in  the  United  States  is  increasing  instead  of  decreasing, 
and  consequently  the  sale  of  listed  drugs  such  as  morphine, 
cocaine,  heroin  and  codeine  is  on  the  ascending  scale. 

NEW  YORK'S  TEN  THOUSAND  ADDICTS 

Peddlers  are  plying  their  trade,  preying  upon  the  unfortunates 
who  have  contracted  the  drug-using  habit.  In  New  York  City 
alone  eight  thousand  addicts  have  been  reported  as  under 
treatment  by  physicians,  and  it  is  estimated  on  a  conservative 
official  basis  that  there  are  at  least  ten  thousand  drug  addicts 
in  Greater  New  York.  With  the  usual  inclination  towards  ex- 
aggeration, it  has  been  stated  that  there  are  200,000  drug 
addicts  in  Greater  New  York,  and  2,500,000  in  the  United 
States;  but  these  are  obviously  gross  exaggerations. 

It  is  authoritatively  estimated,  however,  that  1,500,000  per- 
sons in  this  country  are  drug  users,  one  million  of  them  being 
known  as  such  in  their  communities.  It  is  with  this  national 
menace  that  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  endeavoring  to  cope, 
and  the  utilitarian  point  of  view  is  emphasized  by  the  fact  that 
thousands  of  men  in  the  military  and  naval  service  have  been 
dismissed  on  account  of  such  addiction. 

The  Treasury  Department  investigators  have  called  for  a 
drastic  anti-narcotic  act  at  this  session  of  Congress,  and  the 
Mayor's  Committee  is  endeavoring  to  strengthen  the  demand 


COMMITTEE  ON  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  RELIEF 


for  such  a  reform.  Loopholes  in  the  old  law  must  be  stopped 
and  the  peddlers  of  drugs  must  be  cut  off  from  their  bases  of 
supplies,  which  are  largely  smuggled  into  the  country.  The 
reclamation  of  the  victims  is  a  question  of  serious  thought  and 
investigation  by  the  Committee  on  Medical  and  Surgical  Relief, 
as  it  is  realized  that  the  paths  of  the  unfortunate  addicts  are 
leading  inexorably  to  sorrow,  degradation  and  death. 

ZONES  OF  QUIET 

"Zones  of  Quiet"  are  being  made  more  and  more  effective  in 
New  York  City.  The  abatement  of  noise  has  been  definitely 
taken  up  by  about  two  score  of  leading  American  cities,  and  a 
country-wide  effort  is  planned  for  the  suppression  of  useless 
and  avoidable  noises,  both  by  day  and  by  night.  A  useful  type- 
written list,  comprising  a  bibliography  of  the  various  publica- 
tions on  noise  prevention,  has  been  issued  by  the  Library  of 
Congress  at  Washington.  Similar  data  may  be  obtained  by 
application  to  the  public  libraries  of  Greater  New  York. 

Chicago  has  an  ordinance  making  provision  for  zones  of 
quiet  in  cases  of  severe  illness,  as  noted  in  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Reports,  dated  February  12,  191 3;  Baltimore 
has  appointed  a  policeman  whose  sole  duty  it  is  to  suppress 
unnecessary  noise.  He  gives  his  personal  attention  to  enforcing 
the  statute,  and  has  succeeded  in  interesting  people  throughout 
the  city  in  his  work. 

Kansas  City,  Missouri,  has  amended  its  ordinance,  prohibit- 
ing the  blowing  of  locomotive  whistles,  or  signal  blasts  within 
one  hundred  feet  of  any  highway,  etc. ;  also  providing  that  "no 
signal  blast  shall  exceed  two  seconds  in  length,  and  not  more 
than  five,  and  such  signal  blasts  shall  be  blown  in  immediate 
succession." 

HEALTH  LITERATURE  NEEDED 

The  Mayor's  Committee  has  encouraged  the  issue  of  some 
urgently  needed  literature  in  the  form  of  small  manuals  or 
pamphlets.    It  is  recognized  that  there  should  be  for  every 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


disease  a  separate  pamphlet,  even  if  of  but  two  or  three  pages, 
descriptive  of  the  symptoms,  the  development  and  handling, 
not  only  of  the  disease,  but  also  for  the  more  important  subject 
of  its  prevention.  In  times  of  malarial  increase,  for  instance, 
pamphlets  on  that  subject  would  be  distributed  freely  through 
milk  stations,  doctors,  police,  civic  organizations,  social  settle- 
ments, department  stores,  etc.,  as  well  as  being  published  by  the 
newspapers. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  existence  of  such  pamphlets  has  been 
of  the  greatest  value  in  the  recent  attacks  of  infantile  paralysis, 
Spanish  influenza,  etc.,  and  also,  of  course,  in  such  scourges  as 
typhus  and  a  score  of  other  diseases  which  might  as  readily  be 
mentioned.  Encouragement  is  being  given  to  a  more  elaborate 
and  rapid  survey  of  the  health  of  the  City  day  by  day,  on  some 
such  system  as  that  adopted  by  the  medical  authorities,  who 
each  day  have  statistical  descriptions  of  the  condition  of  each 
district. 

While  scores  of  languages  and  dialects  are  spoken  and  written 
in  New  York  City,  it  is  felt  that  ten  or  a  dozen  languages  for 
such  health  literature  would  adequately  cover  the  main  neces- 
sities of  the  City's  polyglot  population;  and  assurances  of  co- 
operation have  been  received  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  from 
numbers  of  the  aliens  of  the  foreign-language  communities,  as 
regards  co-operation  in  this  and  other  lines  for  public  better- 
ment. 

It  is  conceded  that,  aside  from  pamphlets  dealing  with  specific 
diseases,  there  should  be  a  large  distribution  on  such  subjects 
as  "How  to  Attain  Health";  "How  to  Live  a  Healthy  Life"; 
"How  to  Live  to  an  Old  Age,"  etc.;  all  these  to  be  written  in 
concise  and  easily  understood  language,  with  an  avoidance  of 
such  terms  as  "hygiene,"  "prophylaxis"  and  other  terms  which 
are  so  freely  used  but  inadequately  understood  by  a  large  sec- 
tion of  the  people. 

The  organization  of  Health  Leagues  among  the  people  of  the 
City  is  a  matter  having  attention  by  the  Committee.  These 
Health  Leagues  would  be  operated  largely  by  the  people  of  a 
given  racial  group,  with  the  oversight  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 


COMMITTEE  ON  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  RELIEF 


mittee,  and  by  this  means  the  only  form  of  help  worth  having — 
self-help — would  be  applied  by  each  community.  Thus  the 
varied  standards  of  personal  hygiene,  the  preparation  of  food, 
etc.,  would  be  carried  out  by  the  people  of  a  given  racial  group. 
Adaptation  would  be  made  to  American  standards  wherever 
these  were  shown  to  be  the  better  ones. 

Greater  encouragement  among  the  schools  would  be  desirable 
in  the  work  of  educating  children  along  health  lines,  not  alone 
by  means  of  lectures,  charts  and  moving  pictures,  but  by  litera- 
ture for  the  children  to  take  home  to  their  parents. 

Preventive  medicine  is  recognized  as  being  still  in  its  infancy. 
Instead  of  paying  a  doctor's  bill  after  one  is  ill,  the  wise  man 
goes  to  him  before  anything  happens.  The  Municipal  Refer- 
ence Library  of  New  York  City  at  the  present  time  is  making 
a  study  of  health  education;  and  general  co-operation  along  this 
line  is  being  had  from  the  Mayor's  Committee  for  the  benefit 
of  the  public  as  a  whole.  Disease  prevention  and  health  con- 
servation, it  is  recognized,  depend  upon  an  enlightened  citi- 
zenship. The  very  effective  municipal  medical  organizations 
keep  in  touch  with  the  people  as  a  whole,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
the  appropriation  for  health  purposes  in  New  York  City  may 
be  an  annually  ascending  one. 


C  119] 


I 

I 


I 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  ACTIVITIES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  in  which 
the  National  Government  and  the  City  of  New 
York  as  a  municipality  are  interested,  includ- 
ing special  arbitrations  as  to  the  disposal 
of  lands,  properties,  buildings,  etc., 
for  war  and  other  purposes. 


James  A.  O'Gorman 
Chairman 


Joseph  P.  Day 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Beck,  James  M.  Durant,  William  C 

Billings,  Charles  M.  Milburn,  John  G. 

Bush,  Irving  T.  Munsey,  Frank  A. 

Coudert,  Frederic  R.  Taft,  Henry  W. 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Adamson,  Robert 

Fitzpatrick  Richard 

Armory,  Copley 

Flynn  Thomas  F. 

Arnold,  Edward  A. 

Foley,  James  A. 

Bangs,  F.  S. 

Foster,  Roger 

Beha,  James  A. 

Freel,  James  J. 

Bedford,  A.  C. 

Giegerich  Leonard  A, 

Bernard,  Rt.  Rev. 

Goldman,  Samuel  P. 

Burns,  Walter  F. 

Hallock  a.  H. 

Carew,  John  F. 

Hardin,  A.  T. 

Carmody,  Frank  X. 

Herman,  Sydney  H. 

Cram,  J.  Sergeant 

Hynes,  John  J. 

Crompton,  Willlam 

Hynes  Thomas  W. 

Daly,  C.  J. 

Jackson,  William  Schuyler 

Davies,  Julien  T. 

Jones,  W.  A. 

Deutsch,  Bernard  S. 

Joyce,  Henry  L. 

Doherty,  Leo  V. 

Knox,  Herbert  A. 

Douglas,  Archibald 

Kracke,  F.  J.  H. 

Drake,  Newman  E. 

Lane,  Theodore  T. 

Duncan,  Stuart 

Luce,  Robert  L. 

Dunn,  Gano 

Mordecai,  Benjamin 

Earley,  Cornelius  J. 

McClure,  S.  S. 

Eiseman,  Stephen  F. 

NUNAN,  J.  D. 

Elson,  Edwin  B. 

Pounds,  Lewis  H. 

Farley,  Thos.  M. 

Remick,  W.  H. 

Feiner,  Benjamin  F. 

Sullivan,  Andrew  T. 

COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  ACTIVITIES 

UNITY  AND  EFFICIENCY 

USURPATION  of  State  and  municipal  rights  and  control 
by  the  Federal  Government  is  necessarily  a  question  which 
must  be  treated  on  a  broad  basis  and  from  a  reasonable  point  of 
view.  This  possibility  has  loomed  large  at  various  stages  of 
the  war,  when  it  was  absolutely  necessary  that  there  should  be 
a  unified  and  efficient  organization  of  the  entire  civilian  and  in- 
dustrial resources  for  the  common  safety. 

Similarly  to  the  functions  of  the  Committee  on  Army  and 
Navy  Forces,  the  group  charged  with  National  Activities  has 
cognizance  of  many  matters  jointly  affecting  the  interests  of 
the  Federal  and  City  governments.  War  tends  to  break  down 
such  provisions  and  shows  a  large  lack  of  discrimination  in  sat- 
isfying its  claims,  whether  the  matter  concerns  the  national. 
State  or  municipal  interest.  The  Government  claims  the  right, 
and  rightly  so,  to  subordinate  the  interests  of  a  State  or  muni- 
cipality. 

It  is  obvious  that  this  is  entirely  proper  where  the  good  of 
the  whole  country  is  involved,  but  in  the  high  pressure  under 
which  war  operations  are  necessarily  conducted  this  principle 
has  led  in  some  cases  to  discrimination  and  detriment  to  a  city. 
Thus  the  interests  of  citizens  are  sometimes  unwittingly  trav- 
ersed as  to  their  rights  regarding  personal  liberty  and  property; 
but  such  cases  are  fortunately  rare. 

The  duty  of  this  Committee  therefore  is  to  observe  all  na- 
tional activities  as  they  ma}^  affect  the  City  of  New  York  and 
its  people.  It  is  alert  at  one  and  the  same  time  to  combat  any 
undue  encroachment  on  the  interests  of  the  City,  as  well  as  to 
suggest  methods  to  the  superior  powers  by  which  the  same 
results  might  be  obtained  without  damage  to  local  interests. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


The  means  and  procedure  by  which  this  can  be  temporarily 
accomplished  with  justice  to  the  Federal  Government  and  with 
due  consideration  of  municipal  rights,  is  one  that  requires  deep 
and  sane  consideration  so  that  both  ends  may  be  achieved. 
Embodied  in  this  complex  problem  are  many  questions  of  con- 
stitutional law  as  well  as  the  broad  industrial  and  political 
points  of  contact.  In  the  establishment  of  reasonable  work- 
ing bases  by  the  Federal  and  municipal  authorities,  New  York 
City  has  been  singularly  fortunate  in  having  established  through 
this  Committee  on  National  Activities  a  happy  working  ar- 
rangement. By  this  means  the  Federal  Government  is  pro- 
vided with  an  adequate  support  for  its  war  program  and  at  the 
same  time  the  City  maintains  its  municipal  autonomy. 

LOOKING  BACKWARD 

A  QUARTER  of  a  century  hence.  New  Yorkers  will  look  back 
and  with  a  greater  appreciation  will  realize  that  New  York 
City  stood  forth  as  a  notable  example  of  municipal  adaptation 
to  national  requirements;  and  the  same  enviable  record  will  be 
borne  by  the  majority  of  other  municipalities  throughout  the 
country.  In  keeping  with  the  admirable  spirit  which  generally 
prevailed,  little  protest  was  made  over  the  condemnation  of 
property  by  the  Federal  Government  for  war  purposes.  The 
Government  commandeered  what  it  needed  and  its  demands 
were  freely  acknowledged  in  such  cases  as  dockage  require- 
ments, etc.  The  subcommittees  on  Shipping  and  Harbor 
Defense,  Law,  etc.,  worked  upon  these  questions  when  they 
were  dealt  with  by  the  Mayor's  Committee;  and  despite  the 
rigid  curtailment  of  industries,  cordial  relationship  was  kept 
with  the  Federal  Government  at  all  times. 

On  various  occasions  municipal  branches  vital  to  the  welfare 
of  the  City  voluntarily  conceded  precedence  to  the  requirements 
of  the  Federal  Government  in  the  furtherance  of  its  war  pro- 
gram. A  concrete  example  is  shown  in  the  narrative  in  this 
volume  concerning  the  cessation  of  practically  every  building 
activity  in  the  City  of  New  York  in  connection  with  the  opera- 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  ACTIVITIES 


tions  of  the  Committee  on  Building  and  Construction.  New 
York  City  was  badly  in  need  of  increased  buildings  for  its 
schools  and  other  constructive  purposes,  but  in  every  case  the 
Board  of  Education  or  other  authority  concerned  stepped  aside 
with  a  willing  spirit,  and  with  alacrity,  to  give  free  course  to 
the  needs  of  the  superior  power  as  its  desires  were  expressed 
from  Washington  through  the  War  Industries  Board  and  by 
other  war  agencies. 

Many  buildings  partially  constructed  were  voluntarily  stopped 
for  the  purpose  of  saving  in  building  materials  and  labor.  Many 
instances  came  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Mayor's  Committee 
where  bankruptcy  temporarily  faced  those  who  patriotically 
waived  their  personal  interests  for  the  public  gain.  There  was 
hardly  a  case  where  the  major  necessities  of  the  Nation  as  a 
whole  were  permitted  to  even  temporarily  blind  an  individual 
builder  or  property-owner  to  his  duty  as  a  real  patriot  in  the 
time  of  the  country's  needs. 

LOSSES  IN  MILLIONS 

Docks  were  given  up  for  war-time  shipping,  and  many  opera- 
tions vitally  necessary  were  at  once  voluntarily  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  National  Government.  In  Brooklyn  the  Federal 
authorities  took  over  buildings  which  stood  in  the  way  of  in- 
creased dockage  facilities,  and  the  City  gave  over  its  land  and 
other  municipal  property  for  the  shipment  and  storage  of  war 
goods  without  a  protest.  Great  business  enterprises  calmly 
looked  at  the  loss  of  millions  of  dollars  as  they  sacrificed  them- 
selves in  order  that  fuel  and  food  conservation  and  other  forms 
of  saving  should  be  carried  out  fully  and  cheerfully  in  line  with 
the  needs  of  the  hour.  As  an  example  of  concrete  patriotism 
New  York  must  long  be  recognized  as  a  conspicuous  example  of 
unselfish  service  to  the  country  as  a  whole  and  to  the  Allied 
cause  in  general.  It  will  be  a  matter  of  pride  for  future  genera- 
tions to  know  that  at  this  source  and  center  of  influence  there 
was  never  a  question  of  halting;  but  that  in  more  than  one  in- 
stance more  was  given  than  had  been  asked  for. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


The  multitudinous  requirements  of  the  Nation  and  its  Allies 
when  presented  were  carefully  studied  and  successfully  carried 
out  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  other  bodies,  in  order  that 
nothing  should  impede  the  Federal  program  and  that  by  its 
example  New  York  City  might  prove  to  be  a  powerful  factor 
in  bringing  up  every  portion  of  the  country  for  meeting  the 
supreme  sacrifices  of  property  and  life  which  were  required.  Many 
tributes  have  been  paid  to  the  City  as  a  whole,  to  the  Mayor's 
Committee,  and  other  elements  which  entered  into  this  prompt 
and  cheerful  compliance  by  which  the  arms  of  the  Allies  were 
strengthened  in  some  of  their  darkest  hours. 

All  this  was  done  by  close  co-operation  with  the  many  De- 
partments in  Washington  which  were  charged  with  the  varied 
war  activities.  The  Mayor's  Committee  was  enabled  by  means 
of  its  efficient  organization  to  save  the  Government  from  setting 
up  in  New  York  City  several  forms  of  organization  which 
otherwise  had  been  absolutely  necessary  for  translating  the 
Federal  program  into  the  required  local  activities.  Vast  sums 
were  thus  saved  to  the  Federal  authorities  and  consequently  to 
the  Nation  as  a  whole;  and  City  and  Nation  were  brought  into 
a  more  intimate  and  cordial  relationship  than  ever  before  had 
been  the  case. 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  American  nationalism,  developing  the  spirit  of 
nationalism  not  only  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
but  indirectly  in  a  much  wider  sense 
throughout  the  United  States 


FiNLEY  J.  ShEPARD 

Chairman 


W.  S.  KiES 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Bertron,  S.  Reading 
Black,  Wm.  Harman 
Collier,  Robert  J. 
Hepburn,  A.  Barton 


HiGGINS,  C.  M. 
Marling,  Alfred 
SuTRO,  Lionel 
WiLLCox,  William  R. 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Abbott,  Lawrence  F. 
Barsotti,  Carlo 
Brady,  James  C. 
Clark,  Judge  Lester 
CoTTiLO,  Salvatore  A. 
Crane,  C.  A. 
Daniels,  C.  C. 
Delahanty,  Thomas  L. 
DoMMERiCH,  Otto  L. 
Duport,  Octave 
EcKLEY,  Ernest  R. 
Francolini,  Jos.  N. 
Frankel,  Lee  K. 
Fuller,  Seymour  K. 
Gilroy,  John  J. 
Green,  Warren  L. 
Harley,  Cornelius  J. 
Hester,  Rev.  St.  Clair 
Landon,  Major  Francis  G. 
Levy,  Jefferson  M. 


Lord,  Chester  S. 
Loud,  General  George  B. 
MiLBURN,  John  G. 
Morrison,  A.  B. 
Moss,  Frank 
RoBisoN,  Rabbi  A.  G. 
Rockwell,  Rev.  Joseph  H. 
RoRKE,  Alexander  L 
Somers,  Arthur 
Stevenson,  Archibald  Ewing 
Stroock,  Moses  J. 
Tanner,  Frederick  C. 
Thomas,  Charles  G.  M. 
Thorne,  John  G. 
VoGEL,  Edwin  C. 
Wall,  Very  Rev.  F.  H. 
Willis,  Walter  L 
Woodhouse,  Henry 
Young,  John  R. 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 

ERASING  THE  HYPHEN 

"Mighty  Multitudes  Cheer  100,000  Loyalty  Parade  Marchers; 
Greatest  and  Most  Significant  Spectacle  in  City's  History 
Thrills  Its  Millions." 

ANEW  YORK  newspaper  thus  epitomized  a  movement 
which  was  fostered  by  the  Committee  on  Nationalism  by 
carrying  through  the  19 18  Independence  Day  Pageant-Parade 
in  New  York  City.  Floats  and  other  scenic  features,  depicting 
the  struggles  for  liberty  in  their  home  lands,  were  prepared  by 
many  of  the  national  groups  taking  part  in  the  cavalcade.  Such 
committees  expended  large  sums,  which  were  contributed  by  the 
foreign  colonies  in  a  splendid  spirit  of  co-operative  patriotism. 
In  addition  to  floats,  there  were  in  evidence  native  costumes 
and  many  other  distinctive  marks  of  the  bizarre  and  varie- 
gated life  of  the  widely  scattered  foreign  communities.  Famous 
native  artists  contributed  their  services  freely  to  gain  the  finest 
effects,  and  medals  and  diplomas  have  been  awarded  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee  as  a  slight  recognition  of  the  almost  uni- 
formly high  excellence  thus  achieved. 

The  awards  were  made  at  the  City  Hall  by  his  Honor  the 
Mayor,  and  the  responses  made  by  the  representatives  of  the 
various  national  groups  in  turn  voiced  the  highest  type  of 
patriotism.  The  first  prize,  a  gold  medal,  was  awarded  to 
Poland;  the  second  prize,  a  silver  medal,  to  Syria;  the  third,  a 
bronze  medal,  to  Portugal,  on  the  occasion  referred  to. 

One  of  the. greatest  problems  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  was 
in  limiting  the  numbers  of  those  taking  part  on  Independence 
Day  so  that  the  parade  would  not  extend  to  undue  length. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Offers  were  made  aggregating  243,000  in  the  total  number  of 
marchers;  but,  by  the  rigid  rules  of  limitation  as  to  the  size  of 
the  marching  contingents,  the  Mayor's  Committee  succeeded  in 
reducing  the  actual  number  of  participants  to  103,000.  Even 
as  it  was,  the  parade  lasted  from  8:30  in  the  morning  until  8:30 
at  night — a  full  twelve  hours  of  such  a  kaleidoscopic  represen- 
tation of  the  world's  life  as  never  before  has  been  shown. 

The  objects  of  such  demonstrations,  organized  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee,  are  not  merely  for  the  passing  and  scenic  effect,  but 
they  include  a  definite  educational  purpose  in  giving  all  of  the 
foreign  elements  of  the  heterogeneous  life  in  New  York  City  an 
opportunity  to  express  themselves  in  their  own  distinctive  way, 
to  fraternize  one  with  the  other  and  to  commingle  with  the 
broad  streams  of  American  citizenship.  The  outcome  of  the 
Independence  Day  efforts  is  known  to  all  who  saw  the  spec- 
tacle in  all  of  its  dazzling  magnitude. 

NEW  YORK'S  "WAR  FOURTH" 

FoRTY-Two  national  groups  marched  up  Fifth  Avenue  on  that 
day  in  such  a  spirit  as  never  before  had  been  shown  in  this 
country.  The  enterprise  upon  which  the  Mayor's  Committee 
had  embarked,  primarily  through  its  Committee  on  National- 
ism, was  bold  and  revolutionary  in  its  character.  Predictions 
were  freely  made  that  failure  was  inevitable — that  disloyal 
elements  in  America,  moving  at  the  behest  of  Teutonic  in- 
triguers, never  would  permit  such  a  gigantic  protest  against 
autocracy  to  be  prepared  and  carried  through. 

The  event  was  anticipated  with  forebodings  from  quarters 
much  wider  than  the  confines  of  Greater  New  York.  The  suc- 
cessful outcome  is  to-day  being  heralded  by  moving  pictures 
and  a  propaganda  campaign  throughout  neutral  countries,  and 
to  a  limited  extent  in  the  enemy  lands  themselves.  The  hyphen 
has  been  struck  out  of  American  citizenship  and  the  people  of 
Germany  itself  can  see,  if  they  will,  the  moving  representation 
of  their  own  flesh  and  blood  marching  to  victory  for  the  cause 
of  America  and  its  Allies  in  the  war. 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 


PROOFS  OF  LOYALTY 

For  months  the  Committee  on  Nationalism  and  its  related  in- 
terests in  the  Mayor's  Committee  had  been  quietly  preparing 
for  such  an  arresting  event.  The  leaders  of  more  than  thirty 
national  groups  in  the  metropolis  had  been  personally  inter- 
viewed and  their  opinions  taken  as  to  the  advantage  to  be 
gained  from  a  great  forward  movement  in  constructive  Amer- 
ican citizenship  for  1918-19.  The  response  on  the  part  of  these 
foreign-born  leaders  was  distinctly  encouraging,  but  the  final 
result  on  July  Fourth  was  simply  astounding  to  all  concerned  in 
its  success.  When  matters  had  sufficiently  progressed,  a  con- 
ference was  called  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  meet  at  the 
City  Hall  on  June  fourth.  This  was  attended  by  delegates  from 
nearly  thirty  nationalities;  group  committees  were  formed  and 
daily  consultations  were  thereafter  held  at  the  Hall  of  Records, 
as  the  headquarters  of  the  Committee,  with  the  sections  dealing 
with  the  impending  spectacle  of  patriotism.  Each  group 
financed  its  own  activities,  in  proof  of  its  loyal  earnestness. 

A  century  hence  New  York  City's  "War  Fourth"  probably 
will  still  be  spoken  of  as  a  spontaneous  and  unparalleled  out- 
pouring of  the  soul  of  a  united  community  at  a  time  of  peril  for 
the  free  peoples  of  the  world. 

NATIONAL  ANTHEM  DAY 

Another  indication  of  the  work  of  citizen-making  was  shown  in 
the  splendid  support  given  to  the  celebration  of  National  An- 
them Day  on  September  14,  1918,  as  projected  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee.  Introductory  to  that  occasion,  a  proclamation  was 
issued  from  the  Mayor's  office  as  follows: 

PROCLAMATION ! 

To  the  People  of  the  City  of  New  York  : 

Announcement  is  hereby  made  that  Saturday,  September  14,  19 18, 
will  be  observed  in  New  York  City  as  the  anniversary  of  the  writing 
of  'The  Star-Spangled  Banner." 

The  circumstances  surrounding  the  composition  of  our  National 

ni30 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Anthem  by  Francis  Scott  Key  during  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Mc- 
Henry  at  Baltimore  make  the  celebration  of  this  anniversary  on  our 
part,  under  the  present  conditions  of  war,  one  of  special  significance. 

It  is  requested  that  on  Friday,  September  13,  "The  Star-Spangled 
Banner"  shall  be  sung  with  special  patriotic  exercises  in  the  schools 
throughout  Greater  New  York;  that  on  Saturday,  September  14,  at 
twelve  o'clock,  the  people  of  New  York  shall  gather,  so  far  as  is  pos- 
sible, about  the  City  Hall  to  join  in  special  exercises  commemorative 
of  the  anniversary  of  the  composition  of  the  song. 

Now,  Therefore,  I,  John  F.  Hylan,  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
ask  that  the  people  of  the  city  give  their  hearty  and  active  co-opera- 
tion to  the  exercises  in  commemoration  of  the  writing  of  "The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner." 

In  Witness  Whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the 
official  seal  of  the  City  of  New  York  to  be  affixed. 

Done  in  the  City  of  New  York  this  eleventh  day  of  September,  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord,  One  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen. 

(Signed)    John  F.  Hylan. 

By  the  Mayor: 

Grover  a.  Whalen, 

Secretary  to  the  Mayor. 


A  MILLION  MESSAGES  OF  SONG 

Extensive  observances  were  held  in  the  churches,  public 
schools,  parks,  theatres,  moving-picture  houses,  etc.,  throughout 
Greater  New  York.  A  gathering  estimated  at  20,000  people 
listened  to  patriotic  addresses,  community  singing,  band  con- 
certs, etc.,  in  front  of  the  City  Hall  on  Saturday,  September  14. 
Equally  large  gatherings  assembled  at  Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn, 
and  Central  Park,  New  York;  and  there  were  smaller  gatherings 
at  the  Battery  and  other  parks  in  connection  with  the  band  con- 
certs and  community  singing.  At  all  of  these  places  leaflets 
bearing  the  text  of  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner"  were  distrib- 
uted; and,  by  arrangement  through  the  Committee  on  Retail 
Industries  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  large  numbers  of  the  leaf- 
lets were  supplied  to  the  leading  department  stores  for  inclusion 
in  their  parcels.  In  total,  about  a  million  leaflets  were  distrib- 
uted, bearing  the  imprint  of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 


Slides  giving  the  words  of  the  National  Anthem  were  supplied 
to  five  hundred  of  the  moving-picture  houses  throughout 
Greater  New  York,  and  four  hundred  leading  singers,  supplied 
through  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  by  the  co-operation  of 
others,  led  the  audiences  in  rendering  the  National  Anthem. 

NATIONALIZING  A  HYMN 

By  arrangement  with  the  Hotel  Association  of  New  York  City, 
the  menu  cards  of  the  leading  New  York  hostels  and  restau- 
rants bore  the  text  of  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner"  in  full  on 
National  Anthem  Day;  the  same  text  was  printed  in  the  theatre 
programs  by  the  co-operation  of  the  leading  theatrical  interests; 
and  by  other  means  the  widest  circulation  was  given  to  this 
movement  for  the  further  popularization  of  this  song.  There 
are  many  evidences  that  the  words  and  sentiment  of  the  Na- 
tional Anthem  are  being  familiarized  with  the  great  mass  of  the 
population  by  means  of  such  widely  spread  propaganda.  These 
inspiring  words  and  their  music  are  now  being  rendered  by  the 
people  of  Greater  New  York  and  of  the  Nation  as  never  before, 
resulting  in  a  better  understanding  of  the  spirit  of  democracy 
and  all  that  it  stands  for. 

A  movement  is  being  fostered  by  the  Mayor's  Committee 
having  as  its  purpose  the  adoption  by  Congress  of  "The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner"  as  the  ofTicially  recognized  National  Anthem 
of  America.  This  hymn  is  already  so  recognized  by  the  Ameri- 
can Army  and  Navy. 

So  successful  was  the  three-day  celebration,  centering  about 
National  Anthem  Day,  that  an  extension  was  made  to  the  time 
originally  fixed  for  the  commemoration. 


THE  PROMISE  OF  THE  PRESENT 

Full  of  meaning  as  they  are.  Independence  Day  and  National 
Anthem  Day  of  191 8  are  but  incidents  in  the  work  of  American- 
ization which  is  the  regular  program  of  the  Committee  on 
Nationalism.    For  many  months  this  work  has  been  steadily 

ni33  3 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


pushed  through  the  Mayor's  Committee,  but  never  has  there 
been  so  wide  an  opening  for  a  definite  campaign  as  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  Many  personal  appeals  are  reaching  the  Committee 
from  leaders  of  foreign  groups  asking  that  speakers  be  sent  to 
them,  that  literature  be  supplied  in  their  own  tongue  for  use 
among  those  who  cannot  read  the  English  language,  and  that 
the  notably  favorable  situation  now  existing  be  met  promptly 
and  effectively. 

Recognizing  that  Americanization  is  a  subtle  process,  pene- 
trating every  relation  of  social  and  business  life,  the  Committee 
on  Nationalism  believes  that  any  program  of  Americanization 
must  necessarily  be  many-sided.  And  yet  such  a  program,  no 
matter  how  diverse  its  various  expressions,  can — and,  for  the 
purpose  of  organized  effort,  must — be  exceedingly  definite  and 
practical. 

CONSTRUCTIVE  CITIZENSHIP 

The  Committee  on  Nationalism  has  therefore  adopted  the  fol- 
lowing general  lines  of  work  and  policy: 

I.  Organized  co-operation  with  the  public  school  system  for  the 
promotion  of  English  language  and  citizenship.  These  are  not  the 
whole  of  Americanization,  but  they  are  fundamental  in  it.  One  of 
our  greatest  national  tasks  at  this  time  is  so  to  extend  our  public  edu- 
cational system  that  it  shall  become  a  general  and  powerful  factor 
for  the  Americanization  of  adults  as  well  as  minors  among  the  for- 
eign-born. This  end  can  never  be  attained  by  the  schools  without 
organized  public  sentiment,  public  support.  It  is  the  business  of 
such  a  group  as  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  Nationalism  to  furnish 
that  community  sentiment  and  support  and  thus  stand  behind  the 
public  school  system  in  its  efforts  to  make  the  public  school  the  train- 
ing school,  the  vestibule  to  citizenship,  and,  lastly,  the  club  of  the 
adult  foreign-born  in  every  neighborhood. 

FAVORABLE  LEGISLATION 

Legislation  has  been  enacted  at  Albany  for  the  compulsory  study 
of  the  English  language  by  foreigners  under  the  age  of  twenty-one. 
Hundreds  of  teachers  are  in  training  for  taking  the  lead  in  this  sig- 
nificant advance.  The  Committee  on  Nationalism  plans  to  give 
badges  to  children  who  teach  their  parents  English,  with  cards  for 
display  in  the  windows  of  homes  where  the  English  language  and 
other  advancement  in  citizenship  are  adopted. 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 


2.  Organized  co-operation  with  industry  both  in  relation  to  Amer- 
icanization work  inside  the  individual  plant  and  in  relation  to  co- 
operation between  public  schools  and  employers.  The  Mayor's 
Committee  is  assisting  the  employers  of  New  York  City  to  promote 
Americanization,  not  as  a  "welfare"  matter  outside  of  industry,  but 
as  a  part  of  industrial  organization.  The  citizenship,  loyalty  and 
Americanization  of  foreign-born  employees  are  essential  considera- 
tions in  labor  and  production.  They  mean  stability  in  the  labor 
force;  they  mean  reduction  in  the  turnover  of  labor;  they  mean  bet- 
ter industrial  relations,  better  industrial  organization.  Above  all,  they 
mean  not  only  Americanized  workmen,  but  Americanized  industry. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  is  placing  leaflets  in  four  languages  in  the 
pay  envelopes  among  factory  workers  through  the  generous  co-opera- 
tion of  the  General  Contractors  Association  of  New  York  City. 
Posters  to  the  same  effect  are  placed  in  industrial  establishments. 
Close  co-operation  is  had  with  the  Board  of  Education.  The  pay 
envelope  slips  read:  "You  Can't  Get  to  the  Top  in  this  country 
unless  you  speak  the  language  of  the  United  States.  Give  your  chil- 
dren a  chance — Learn  English  and  Get  Better  Pay.  There  are 
classes  for  you  and  All  Your  Fa.mily  at  the  Free  Evening  Schools. 
Dancing,  Singing  and  Club  Privileges.  Apply  to  the  Principal  of 
the  School  nearest  your  address. 

"You  .^re  Losing  Money  by  not  knowing  the  language  of  the 
country  in  which  you  are  living.  Go  to  one  of  the  Free  Evening 
Schools  and  learn  English.  A  list  is  given  herewith.  Apply  to  the 
Principal  of  the  school  nearest  your  home.  Better  English,  Better 
Job,  Better  Pay." 

3.  A  sympathetic  and  practical  relation  with  the  various  foreign- 
born  groups  through  the  representation  of  their  leaders.  It  was  this 
understanding  and  co-operation  that  made  the  Committee's  Fourth 
of  July  celebration  of  1918  possible.  The  same  co-operation  and 
advice  from  the  foreign-born  groups  is  to  be  secured  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee  in  every  part  of  its  practical  .Americanization  program. 

4.  Promotion  of  participation  of  the  foreign-born  in  war  work. 
There  is  no  greater  agency  for  Americanization  at  the  present  time 
than  the  war  work  designed  by  the  Federal  Government  to  be  fur- 
thered by  every  city.  Nothing  will  more  effectively  further  the  solidi- 
fying of  our  citizenship  than  the  general  participation  of  native  and 
foreign-born  together  in  work  to  win  the  war. 

An  intensive  campaign  is  going  forward.  Past  activities  and  future 
plans  of  the  Committee  on  Nationalism  include  the  following: 

A  WIDE  PROPAGANDA 

Public  meetings  addressed  by  native  and  foreign  speakers  on  the 
winning  of  the  war  by  the  help  of  lectures  in  foreign  lodges  and  other 
gatherings  on  travels  and  life  in  America  to  acquaint  the  newcomer 
with  the  land  of  his  adoption;  organized  visits  to  historic  places  with 


1:1353 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


talks  on  the  spot;  explanation  of  the  operations  of  the  American 
Government,  who  its  officials  are  and  what  they  stand  for;  moving 
pictures  showing  by  a  scenario  the  arrival,  the  progress  and  the  ulti- 
mate success  of  the  immigrant  in  America;  luncheon-conferences  and 
other  private  meetings  with  foreign-language  leaders,  editors,  etc.,  to 
further  develop  plans  for  work  among  their  own  people,  with  an 
effective  working  committee  representing  each  nationality;  a  regular 
press  service  both  to  foreign-language  and  native  papers  on  news  and 
ideals  for  Americanism;  community  singing,  folk  dances  and  other 
entertainments  arranged  with  foreign  groups  as  a  get-together  plan 
for  all  Americans. 

5.  Celebrations  of  Washington's  Birthday  and  other  patriotic  oc- 
casions by  addresses  from  prominent  native  and  foreign  speakers, 
with  music,  etc.;  similar  celebrations  of  notable  anniversaries  in  the 
life  of  other  nations;  an  Exposition  to  last  a  full  month  for  the  pur- 
pose of  demonstrating  by  great  spectacles  staged  by  their  own  people 
what  the  composite  groups  making  up  American  life  stand  for;  con- 
tinuation of  the  campaign  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  teach  the 
National  Anthem  and  other  patriotic  songs  to  all  the  people,  this 
campaign  to  be  continued  by  means  of  the  theatres,  moving-picture 
places,  churches,  schools,  etc.;  posters  of  patriotism  in  foreign  lan- 
guages; a  bibliography  of  patriotism  in  connection  with  the  public 
libraries. 

NO  "PAPER  PROGRAM" 

The  foregoing  is  not  a  "paper  program."  Every  item — 
and  these  are  but  a  few  of  them — represents  definite  construc- 
tive work  which  has  been  started  and  is  now  in  the  way  of  being 
carried  on  by  practical  workers  of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

Through  the  energetic  and  practical  program  which  the  Com- 
mittee now  has  under  way,  the  promise  is  that  New  York  City 
will  add  to  its  forces  of  citizenship  and  loyalty  multitudes  of 
those  whose  influence  will  be  felt  throughout  the  country.  As 
an  incentive  to  useful  citizenship,  the  activities  of  this  branch 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  cannot  be  measured. 

Special  acknowledgment  is  due  to  Dr.  George  F.  Kunz,  Chair- 
man of  the  Independence  Day  Committee  on  Pageantry  and 
History,  and  his  colleagues.  Expert  judgment  was  rendered  on 
the  artistic  excellence  and  historical  accuracy  of  the  beautiful 
floats  and  tableaux  taking  part  in  the  parade,  this  Committee 
having  previously  censored  these  exhibits  by  the  exercise  of  a 
broad  and  sympathetic  spirit.  The  unselfish  contribution  which 


COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONALISM 


was  thus  made  to  the  success  of  the  day  was  the  subject  of  much 
favorable  comment  on  the  part  of  the  multitude  of  participants. 
An  illustration  of  the  diplomas  awarded  by  this  Committee,  in 
connection  with  the  Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration,  is  given 
in  this  volume.  Dr.  Kunz  was  also  instrumental  in  the  generous 
presentation  of  the  gold,  silver  and  bronze  medals  to  the  Polish, 
Syrian  and  Portuguese  parade  committees.  These  represented 
the  first,  second  and  third  prize  awards  respectively. 


[•3?: 


COMMITTEE  ON  ORGANIZED  GUARD 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating  to 
the  militia  or  other  bodies,  military  or  semi-military 
in  character,  as  differentiated  from  the  army  and 


navy  forces  of  the  United  States. 


Henry  Rogers  Winthrop 
Chairman 

Charles  J.  Ahern 
Vice-Chairman 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


Dunne,  Finley  Peter 
Dyer,  Brig.-Gen.  George  R. 
Foley,  Frank  F. 
Fox,  William 


Gerard,  Julian  M. 
Iselin,  Ernest 
Kahn,  Otto  H. 
RoBB,  Brig.-Gen.  James 


MEMBERS 


Alexander,  Charles  B. 

Gibson,  Charles  Dana 

Anderson,  Ellery  0. 

Goodhue,  Charles  E. 

Beck,  Martin 

Guggenheimer,  Charles  S. 

Bridgman,  Herbert  L. 

Halligan,  H.  a. 

Burke,  John  S. 

Harawitz,  Abraham 

Burleigh,  Col.  George  William 

Hawes,  James  Anderson 

Carlton,  Newcomb 

James,  Arthur  E. 

Carroll,  John  M. 

JuiLLiARD,  Frederic 

Cooper,  George  L. 

Kip,  Henry  Spies 

Crimmins,  Thomas 

Klein,  Milton  M. 

Crowell,  Major  Wm.  B. 

Lunger,  John  B. 

Crowninshield,  Edward  A. 

Mabon,  James  B. 

Dalton,  W.  a. 

Nast,  Conde 

Dean,  Bashford 

Ferilli,  John  W. 

De  Forest,  Robert  W. 

Piva,  Celestine 

Donovan,  Michael  J. 

PURVIN,  MyLES 

Ehret,  George,  Jr. 

Ryle,  Arthur 

Flaherty,  Frank  B. 

Shubert,  Lee 

Fowler,  Stanley  C. 

Simmons,  Maurice 

Gaillard,  William  E.  G. 

Woodward,  William 

COMMITTEE  ON  ORGANIZED  GUARD 

THE  NEED  FOR  ORGANIZATION 

HUNDREDS  of  organizations  of  a  military  or  semi-military 
nature  have  operated  in  Greater  New  York  for  many  years 
with  but  little  real  co-ordination.  They  generally  have  done 
useful  work  in  a  local  sense,  and  many  a  present-day  hero  of  the 
Marne,  the  Piave  or  the  Jordan  has  acquired  tactics  for  the 
Great  War  by  his  conscientious  work  in  Manhattan,  the  Bronx 
or  Queens. 

For  the  first  time  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  De- 
fense is  giving  a  cohesion  to  the  large  number  of  units  which 
hitherto  usually  have  been  out  of  touch  with  others  of  like  aims 
and  interests.  In  accepting  this  leadership  the  Committee  on 
Organized  Guard  is  simply  making  effective  a  need  which  has 
been  dimly  felt  but  never  met.  Fugitive  newspaper  paragraphs 
have  referred  in  the  past  to  many  meritorious  bodies  doing 
patriotic  service,  but  any  effort  towards  united  action  has  hith- 
erto been  impossible  from  the  absence  of  any  comprehensive 
knowledge  of  such  bodies  within  the  city's  confines. 

MEETING  THE  DEMAND 

Immediately  upon  its  formation  the  Committee  on  Organized 
Guard  began  the  work  of  co-ordinating  these  numerous  units 
into  an  effective  and  united  force.  It  was  realized  what  an  ef- 
ficient adjunct  to  the  Federal  and  State  forces  such  an  aggrega- 
tion would  be  in  case  of  catastrophe  or  other  crisis  arising. 
Greatly  increased  protection  to  the  lives  and  property  of  the 
people  of  New  York  is  already  the  result  of  these  efforts. 

It  is  felt  that  in  case  of  an  attack  being  made  by  air  or  water 
a  readily  mobilized  defensive  force  should  be  available  to  re- 


V 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


spond  at  once  through  this  section  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  to 
the  demands  of  the  competent  military  or  naval  authorities. 
The  Committee's  work  is  of  a  serious  administrative  nature. 
Both  military  and  civilian  members  of  the  Committee  on 
Organized  Guard  keep  closely  in  touch  with  the  needs  of  the 
day. 

Scrupulous  care  is  exercised  that  the  proper  province  of  the 
Committee  shall  not  be  exceeded  and  that  a  correct  attitude 
shall  always  be  observed  towards  the  existing  military  authori- 
ties. The  Committee  is  always  prepared  to  co-operate  closely 
and  harmoniously  with  the  Federal  and  State  forces  in  case  of 
a  disaster  like  that  at  Halifax  last  winter.  The  value  of  such  an 
adjunct  at  such  a  time  can  hardly  be  estimated. 

METHODS  OF  WORK 

The  Mayor's  Committee  occupies  a  unique  position  as  re- 
gards its  facilities  for  work  not  only  among  the  native  popula- 
tion but  with  foreigners  as  well.  Forty-two  national  or  racial 
groups  are  in  close  relationship  with  the  Hall  of  Records  as  the 
headquarters  of  the  Committee.  Many  of  these  groups — mak- 
ing up  four-fifths  of  the  population  of  the  City — have  well 
equipped  and  well  drilled  societies.  Their  patriotism  and  loy- 
alty to  American  ideals  have  been  repeatedly  proved.  On  last 
Independence  Day  they  marched  up  Fifth  Avenue  more  than 
one  hundred  thousand  strong  under  the  banners  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee.  As  an  outgrowth  of  this  unexampled  demonstra- 
tion of  united  Americanism  for  the  winning  of  the  war,  definite 
plans  are  being  laid  for  multiplying  the  efi'ectiveness  of  these 
Foreign  Legions  of  America,  as  they  might  be  termed. 

Some  New  York  City  units  are  composed  of  and  controlled 
by  women.  They  vie  with  the  men  in  a  common  desire  to  up- 
build New  York  into  a  unified  community  with  power  to 
quickly  mobilize  when  the  occasion  arises.  Practical  work  and 
results  are  the  acid  test  which  the  Committee  applies.  Worthy 
organizations  are  encouraged  by  the  presence  on  drill  nights  of 
experienced  military  ofllcers  detailed  from  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee, and  are  helped  in  other  ways. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ORGANIZED  GUARD 


SUPERVISORY  POWERS 

The  general  idea  is  to  bring  all  organizations  under  the  cogni- 
zance of  the  Committee  so  that  the  public  may  be  informed 
exactly  as  to  the  activities  of  a  given  unit,  both  as  regards  the 
collection  of  money,  the  utilization  of  the  money  collected  and 
the  general  administration  of  a  society.  As  matters  have  long 
stood,  many  organizations  collect  funds  but  in  no  sense  are  their 
services  proportionately  useful  for  the  purpose  of  defense  of  the 
City  and  its  interests. 

Members  of  the  Committee  on  Organized  Guard  are  always 
working  in  conjunction  with  the  special  needs  of  the  moment, 
and  they  have  contributed  useful  and  valuable  ideas  to  the 
Allied  cause.  One  development  of  particular  value  is  in  the  way 
of  employing  the  new  steel  alloy  in  better  protective  armor  for 
the  use  of  American  troops  on  the  battle-fields.  This  should 
result  in  the  saving  of  thousands  of  lives. 

The  object  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  therefore,  is  that 
through  its  department  of  Organized  Guard  there  shall  be  sus- 
tained a  responsible  adjunct  many  thousand  strong  and  imme- 
diately available  for  assisting  the  Federal  and  State  forces  in 
case  of  necessity,  while  under  ordinary  circumstances  serving 
adequately  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  the  people  of 
New  York  City. 


« 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 

This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relat- 
ing to  the  instruction  of  the  public  generally  on 
matters  concerning  the  war  and  economic  ques- 
tions and  matters  affecting  the  public 
welfare  during  the  war  and  subse- 
quent to  the  termination  of  the  war. 


Very  Rev.  Dean  Robbins,  D.D. 
Chairman 

Henry  W.  Taft 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Black,  Wm.  Harman  Patten,  Thomas  G. 

Butler,  Nicholas  Murray  Somers,  Arthur 

Holt,  Hamilton  Williams,  Arthur 

Kamaiky,  Leon  S.  Wise,  Edward 


MEMBERS 


Atkins,  Charles  D. 
Ball,  Alfred  J. 
Barton,  Bruce 
Eeals,  John  D. 
Beck,  Martin 
Bloch,  Henry 
Bloomer,  Millard  J. 
Blum,  Edward  C. 
Bolden,  Rev.  Richard  M. 
Bouton,  Archibald  L. 
Boyle,  James  F. 
Brady,  Peter  J. 
Brainard,  Clinton  T. 
Bridgman,  H.  L. 
Burke,  James  I. 
CoE,  Franklin 
Cohen,  Maurice  S. 
comstock,  l.  k. 
Cooper,  Geo.  L. 
Davis,  Robert  H. 
Dingwall,  Adam 
Doty,  Douglas  Z. 
Earley,  Cornelius  J. 
Fleishman,  Henry 
Friedkin,  Israel 


Frugone,  Frank  L. 
Huntsman,  R.  F.  R. 
Kahn,  Max 
Koch,  Edward  R. 
Lewis,  William  A. 
Markowitz,  Michael  N. 
Mokarzel,  N.  a. 
Nix,  John  W. 
O'Brien,  John  H. 
O'Brien,  Morgan  J. 
Oehler,  Alfred  J. 
Olcott,  E.  E. 
Park,  Dr.  William  H. 
Pasvolsky,  Leo 
Pendleton,  Hon.  Francis  K. 
Ramsay,  Clarence  J. 
Rockwell,  Joseph  H. 
Sachs,  Mayer 
Sampers,  L  H. 
TiLFORD,  Frank 
Towne,  Charles  H. 
Warburg,  Felix  M. 
Ward,  Theodore  H. 
West,  Henry  L. 
Wheeler,  Howard 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 

INTENSIFYING  THE  WAR 

IT  obviously  is  not  the  intention  of  this  branch  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  to  attempt  to  instruct  the  intelligent  citizens  of 
New  York,  as  they  generally  are  well  informed  on  practically 
every  phase  of  the  war.  The  object  rather  is  to  intensify  the 
salient  features  of  the  war,  practically  bringing  it  into  touch 
with  the  millions  of  the  city's  population  so  that  the  Federal 
program  can  be  translated  into  action  by  bringing  practically 
every  citizen  within  its  sphere. 

In  these  efforts  it  is  obvious  that  the  work  early  exceeded 
the  bounds  of  the  City  and  expanded  into  the  nation  and  the 
world  by  reason  of  the  interest  which  was  almost  immediately 
aroused  by  the  hitherto  unprecedented  effort  of  New  York  City. 

Public  instruction,  as  initiated  and  developed  through  the 
Mayor's  Committee,  rests  upon  two  basic  ideas.  The  first 
stands  for  a  more  intensive  and  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
fundamental  questions  concerning  the  why  and  wherefore  of 
our  entry  into  the  war.  In  this  propaganda  the  Committee  was 
able  to  give  a  great  extension  of  influence  in  New  York  City 
to  the  official  bulletins  and  messages  in  general  of  the  Federal 
authorities  in  command  of  war  activities  at  the  Capital  City, 
by  bringing  these  messages  in  a  better  understandable  form  to 
the  great  mass  of  the  people  in  the  City  of  New  York.  That 
this  service  was  necessary  it  is  only  needful  to  mention  that 
more  than  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  population  of  Gotham  either 
is  foreign-born  or  directly  descended  from  foreign-born  par- 
entage. 

ATMOSPHERE  AND  MORALE 

The  second  idea  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  has  endeavored 
to  develop  and  carry  through  has  to  do  with  the  maintenance 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


of  that  patriotic  feeling  and  atmosphere  which  is  so  necessary 
for  sustaining  the  morale  of  the  citizenry  of  the  great  metrop- 
olis. This  was  done  by  the  supply  of  patriotic  speakers  for 
public  meetings,  the  encouragement  of  song  festivals,  parades 
and  other  great  gatherings  where  the  spirit  of  the  people  would 
be  stirred  to  self-expression;  posters  were  issued  of  an  artistic 
nature  and  in  lavish  quantities,  and  every  known  agency  was 
employed  locally  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  people  fully 
alive  to  the  inceptive  idea,  development  and  consummation  of 
the  war  program. 

This  Committee  works,  as  its  name  suggests,  in  close  harmony 
with  the  Speakers'  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  which 
medium  has  arranged  for  many  of  the  large  meetings  held  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Committee. 

It  also  has  been  actively  employed  with  the  preparation  and 
distribution  of  the  literature  issued  by  the  Committee  and  the 
dissemination  of  the  official  governmental  bulletins  and  other 
informative  matter  concerning  the  war  and  the  war  program  in 
general.  Useful  co-operation  has  been  rendered  in  this  general 
effort  by  the  Committee  on  Arts  and  Decorations,  whose  mem- 
bers have  prepared  some  of  the  most  notable  artistic  produc- 
tions which  have  appeared  upon  the  display  boards  of  the 
country. 

Among  the  great  song  festivals,  which  have  been  inaugu- 
rated and  carried  through  by  the  Mayor's  Committee,  may  be 
especially  mentioned  that  for  the  popularization  of  "The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner."  This  was  marked  by  a  gathering  estimated 
at  20,000  people  which  listened  to  a  spirited  rendition  of  this 
and  other  patriotic  music  from  the  steps  of  the  City  Hall.  The 
program  of  popularization  was  further  carried  on  by  great 
gatherings  in  the  parks  throughout  Greater  New  York,  and  by 
means  of  the  words  being  shown  upon  the  screens  of  hundreds 
of  moving-picture  houses,  some  of  whose  audiences  were  led  in 
the  singing  of  the  National  Anthem  by  famous  vocalists.  Nearly 
two  millions  of  copies  of  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner"  were  dis- 
tributed at  these  meetings  or  dropped  from  air-craft  flying  above 
the  city  on  several  occasions.   It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 


millions  of  people  were  given  a  fresh  impulse  towards  not 
alone  learning  the  National  Anthem  but  for  living  its  senti- 
ments as  the  result  of  these  unexampled  efforts. 

SERVICE  BY  WAR  CHORUSES 

Encouragement  has  been  given  steadily  by  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee to  Community  Music,  which  has  been  described  as  being 
an  effort  to  measure  all  musical  endeavor  by  the  standards  of 
usefulness  to  the  great  social  body.  This  movement  has  been 
immensely  developed  throughout  the  country  by  the  War 
Choruses  which  are  held  in  many  places,  and  it  is  giving  a  new 
opportunity  to  every  person  for  free  and  frequent  participa- 
tion in  music,  especially  in  chorus  singing  with  great  groups 
of  people.  Noted  leaders  of  New  York  City  and  elsewhere 
have  freely  given  their  services  in  the  spirit  by  which  the 
Mayor's  Committee  has  endeavored  to  foster  this  promising 
development. 

Inspired  by  the  great  success  gained  in  New  York  and  other 
cities,  community  singing  is  now  becoming  a  feature  in  many 
municipalities  throughout  the  United  States  of  America. 
Phonographs  supplied  with  records  are  in  some  cases  shipped 
from  place  to  place  for  small  communities;  some  universities 
supply  musical  entertainment  free  or  at  low  cost  to  the  sur- 
rounding districts;  municipal  organ  recitals  are  held  in  public 
halls,  etc.;  municipal  or  civic  song  contests  are  inaugurated,  and 
folk  songs  are  encouraged  on  the  part  of  foreign-language  com- 
munities. A  number  of  elaborate  demonstrations  were  held  at 
Central  Park,  Prospect  Park,  and  other  places  about  New  York 
City  in  connection  with  Flag  Day,  igi8,  and  on  other  patriotic 
occasions.  Where  such  success  is  attained,  it  suggests  that 
there  are  immense  possibilities  along  these  lines  of  civic  en- 
deavor. 

The  spirit  of  the  civic  revival  of  music  is  reflected  by  definite 
progress  in  seasonal  work  in  many  cities.  Atlanta,  Pittsburgh, 
and  Portland,  Maine,  provide  public  organs  and  organists.  In 
the  latter  place  concerts  are  given  daily  in  the  summer  at  the 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


new  Portland  Auditorium.  On  Sunday  in  winter  the  Music 
Commission  also  plans  programs  including  congregational  sing- 
ing and  addresses.  To  Pittsburgh  belongs  the  credit  of  being 
the  pioneer  city  to  provide  public  organ  recitals,  and  the  muni- 
cipality of  Boston  gives  the  people  worthy  orchestral  concerts, 
supported  out  of  public  funds,  to  supplement  the  privately 
sustained  Symphony  Orchestra. 


MAYOR'S  CONCERTS  AND  OTHERS 

Cleveland,  Denver,  and  Houston,  Texas,  all  realize  the  im- 
portance of  giving  the  people  high-class  musical  fare,  after  the 
fashion  which  has  been  in  practice  so  long  and  so  successfully 
in  foreign  cities. 

It  is  the  constant  effort  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  per- 
manentize  this  movement  for  Greater  New  York  by  adapting 
it  to  the  varied  social  conditions  which  prevail  in  the  City.  The 
Mayor's  Concerts  in  the  public  parks  are  notable  examples  of 
what  is  being  accomplished  through  municipal  encouragement. 
It  is  hoped,  however,  that  much  more  can  be  accomplished  by 
wise  encouragement,  and  that  the  already  liberal  budget  for 
music  may  be  expanded  for  the  future.  The  small  city  of 
Hutchinson,  Kansas,  spends  about  $6000  yearly  on  music,  and 
on  this  basis  Greater  New  York  should  in  the  course  of  time  be 
able  to  considerably  extend  its  present  appropriation. 

In  connection  with  these  endeavors  in  New  York  City,  the 
Mayor's  Committee  desires  to  give  special  mention  to  the  very 
kind  co-operation  rendered  by  the  Department  of  Parks  of  the 
City  of  New  York;  to  his  Honor  the  Mayor  for  his  personal 
participation  in  the  various  exercises;  to  several  firms  of  music 
publishers  and  printers  who  generously  donated  the  supplies  of 
words  and  music  in  the  face  of  great  mechanical  difficulties  and 
shortage  of  help;  to  the  moving-picture  houses  and  theaters  for 
their  always  patriotic  co-operation;  to  the  hotels  of  the  City 
for  printing  the  complete  text  of  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner" 
upon  their  menus  on  the  special  day  of  this  celebration;  to  the 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 


churches  and  schools,  and  to  hundreds  of  volunteer  workers 
whose  self-sacrificing  efforts  were  simply  beyond  praise. 

"SELLING  THE  WAR" 

Reinforcing  all  of  these  efforts  there  were  great  public  rallies 
and  mass  meetings  whose  object  was  to  present  the  war  in  all 
of  its  aspects  and  to  explain  lucidly  the  various  questions  which 
were  continually  arising,  especially  among  the  great  foreign- 
born  population.  The  coexistent  work  which  was  carried  on 
for  these  general  problems  was  of  such  a  nature  that  the  com- 
plete orbit  of  human  understanding  was  embraced  in  these 
various  activities.  In  short,  the  public  was  "sold  to  the  war," 
to  use  a  popular  commercial  phrase. 

So  important  did  the  Mayor's  Committee  consider  the  de- 
velopment of  this  program  of  public  instruction  to  be,  that  it 
was  counted  as  being  only  secondary  in  importance  to  parti- 
cipation in  actual  warfare.  Explanation  of  what  the  opportu- 
nity for  home  service  actually  meant,  and  the  necessity  for 
reciprocal  feeling  on  the  part  of  the  people  towards  the  patriotic 
efforts  made  by  the  American  Government  and  its  Allies,  were 
put  forward  as  vital  facts  in  the  ultimate  success  of  the  nation's 
arms,  and  secondary  only  to  the  sacrifice  of  life  itself. 

Full  co-operation  was  had  with  other  related  divisions  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee,  such  as  the  Committees  on  Organized 
Guard,  Army  and  Navy  Forces,  Entertainment  and  Reception, 
etc.,  etc. 

These  divisions  of  the  many-sided  work  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee rendered  most  useful  service  in  the  arrangement  of  public 
meetings,  receptions  and  other  special  activities  on  the  part  of 
the  leaders  of  the  foreign-born  groups  of  the  City.  Oftentimes 
these  movements  developed  spontaneously  and  were  brought  by 
their  able  racial  committees  to  the  Hall  of  Records  in  a  highly 
developed  state  of  preparation  and  practically  ready  for  being 
carried  through  under  the  patronage  of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 
The  development  of  a  sympathetic  attitude  towards  their  own 
national  desires  and  the  national  welfare  was  a  feature  of  the 


D5a 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


work  to  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  gave  unremitting  at- 
tention; and  among  the  glorious  records  of  the  war  there  will 
be  none  of  a  domestic  nature  which  will  stand  forth  more  credi- 
tably than  those  of  America's  newly  found  sons  and  daughters 
who  met  a  crisis  in  such  a  spirit  as  probably  never  before  was 
shown  in  any  time  or  any  country  by  an  alien  and  heterogene- 
ous population. 


CHURCH,  SCHOOL  AND  PRESS 

Effective  factors  towards  this  happy  end  were  found  in  the 
churches  of  all  denominations  and  creeds.  The  appeals  made 
by  the  Mayor's  Committee  for  the  co-operation  of  the  clergy 
and  workers  met  universally  with  a  ready  and  hearty  response. 
Thousands  of  sermons  or  pulpit  references  were  made  on  the 
various  features  of  the  work  as  suggested  to  these  religious 
organizations  on  the  part  of  the  Mayor's  Committee;  and  the 
influence  for  a  permanent  and  constructive  citizenship  simply 
cannot  be  measured  in  the  surprising  results  which  came  so 
freely  from  this  source. 

This  propaganda  for  the  maintenance  of  American  morale  is 
continuing  through  the  churches,  schools,  the  press,  and  by 
every  other  means  of  reaching  the  individual  in  his  home. 
There  are  thus  reflected  in  his  life  the  lessons  of  patriotism,  of 
sacrifice,  and,  if  need  be,  of  suffering  and  death,  which  have 
been  instilled  not  alone  in  New  York  City  but  throughout  the 
country  and  virtually  throughout  the  world  as  a  result  of  this 
great  war  for  the  freedom  of  mankind  from  autocracy. 

The  Committee  on  Public  Instruction  embraces  in  its  com- 
prehensive program  a  realization  of  the  necessary  means  for 
self-expression  both  of  the  native-born  and  foreign-born  popu- 
lation. Its  endeavor  is  to  crystallize  the  many  and  varied 
points  of  view  of  the  great  mixed  population  into  the  one  and 
necessary  vision  for  meeting  upon  common  ground  for  the 
fundamental  purpose  of  winning  the  war.  In  other  words,  the 
melting-pot  of  thought  is  operating  to  the  one  national  desire 


4 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 


for  victory  and  the  resulting  indissolubility  of  thought  on  the 
purpose,  action  and  result  of  the  war. 

To  carry  out  these  purposes  with  full  success  is  the  raison 
d'etre  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Instruction. 

FOR  BUSINESS  PEOPLE 

Many  millions  of  dollars  have  been  expended  by  private  and 
public  enterprise  upon  the  libraries  of  Greater  New  York.  Not- 
withstanding the  lavish  generosity  for  public  culture,  the 
Mayor's  Committee  feels  that  but  a  small  proportion  of  the 
citizenry  takes  any  real  advantage  of  this  notably  liberal  ar- 
rangement for  their  benefit.  This  is  probably  the  fault  of  the 
public,  for  a  survey  shows  that  the  average  public  librarian  and 
his  assistants  are  eager  to  serve  the  people  as  a  whole,  and  to 
assist  business  men,  among  others,  in  the  solution  of  special 
questions  which  have  arisen  in  connection  with  the  great  war. 

One  has  but  to  look  at  the  advertisements  in  the  daily  press 
and  the  magazines  to  realize  that  in  America  there  has  arisen 
in  recent  years  a  new  type  of  business  literature.  As  a  result 
to-day  there  are  available  in  public  libraries,  monographs  on 
practically  every  phase  of  business  activity,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  the  most  recent  developments  in  the  field  of  war. 
The  encouragement  of  business  and  professional  men  and 
women  to  use  these  advantages,  by  means  of  the  excellent 
bibliography  on  business  subjects  which  has  been  prepared  by 
the  Public  Library  system  in  New  York,  is,  therefore,  one  of  the 
efforts  of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

Thousands  of  commercial  and  professional  manuals  are 
available  in  New  York  for  consultation  in  the  easiest  and  most 
rapid  manner  possible.  It  is  urged  that  all  members  of  the 
Committee  should  first  of  all  familiarize  themselves  with  the 
facilities  which  exist  at  their  nearest  public  library;  and  then 
make  known  to  their  business  and  other  acquaintances  the 
wealth  of  useful  information  which  awaits  the  applicant  who 
will  expend  a  little  time  and  trouble.  It  is  suggested  also  that,  in 
the  Chambers  of  Commerce  and  other  business  and  personal  or- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ganizations  in  the  five  boroughs,  there  should  gradually  be  built 
up  a  library  of  business  in  such  form  that  it  will  be  of  maximum 
service  to  the  membership  of  such  a  body. 

BUILDING  YOUNG  CITIZENS 

Civics,  as  a  feature  of  high-school  instruction,  have  been  given 
a  place  of  increasing  prominence  in  recent  years.  The  Mayor's 
Committee  has  before  it  suggestions  concerning  additional 
courses  in  such  practical  subjects  as  Fire  Prevention,  Municipal 
Finance,  and  more  definite  teachings  regarding  Health  and 
General  Sanitation.  The  effort  is  that  New  York  children  can 
more  definitely  be  directed  along  the  lines  of  stamp  collecting, 
cutting  pictures  and  articles  from  magazines  and  newspapers, 
and  making  lantern  slides  illustrating  civic  conditions. 

It  is  desired  by  the  Committee  that  work  should  be  estab- 
lished dealing  with  every  type  of  civic  instruction,  as  a  direct 
inspiration,  not  alone  to  the  younger  collector,  but  to  his  par- 
ents and  the  community  as  a  whole.  In  those  cities  where  suc- 
cess has  been  attained  in  putting  the  civic  idea  effectively 
before  the  people,  the  results  have  been  accomplished  by  means 
of  a  visualization  of  the  subject  by  civic  motion  pictures  and 
by  other  illustrative  means. 

It  is  recognized  that  there  is  a  tremendous  opportunity  for 
developing  the  civic  forces  throughout  Greater  New  York  and 
the  country.  The  vital  thing  in  civic  instruction  is  not  alone 
in  the  school-house,  but  by  bringing  the  school-house  into  the 
homes  of  the  pupils.  Notable  success  has  already  been  attained 
in  New  York  City  by  parent-teacher  organizations,  where  the 
parents  come  right  into  the  schools  and  work  in  co-operation 
with  the  teachers  in  solving  the  problems  of  the  individual 
school  child.  It  has  been  noted  that  the  foreign  elements  of  the 
population  show  special  enthusiasm  and  aptitude  on  these 
matters. 

It  is  at  last  recognized  that  in  the  successful  dealing  with  the 
school  child  only  about  30%  of  the  problem  is  educational,  and 
that  the  great  proportion  of  real  instruction  has  to  do  with  the 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION 


physical,  ethical  and  moral  sides  of  the  child's  nature.  This 
parent-teacher  movement  is  working  successfully  in  several  sec- 
tions of  the  metropolis,  and  is  an  advance  which  deserves  defi- 
nite help.  Existing  means  of  help  for  the  teachers,  parents  and 
children  appear  to  be  inadequate,  and  representations  are  being 
made  for  a  better  understanding  of  the  needs  of  the  day  and  the 
possibilities  of  improvement  when  those  needs  are  met. 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  matters  relating 
to  retail  industries,  their  development  and 
control,  and  kindred  subjects. 

Michael  Friedsam 
Chairman 

Harris  A.  Dunn 
Vice-C  hairman 

Leslie  Graff 
Executive  Chairman 


executive  committee 

Cooke,  Robert  Grier  Moore,  John  C. 

Dreicer,  Michael  Murphy,  P.  F. 

EiLERT,  Ernest  F.  Rothschild,  Simon 

Marble,  W.  A.  Stewart,  Louis 


MEMBERS 


Ayres,  Steven  B. 
Benedict,  Henry  Harper 
Billings,  Charles  M. 
Blumstein,  L.  M. 
CoHN,  Edward  R. 
Corwine,  William  R. 
cowperthwait,  j.  howard 
Cromwell,  Lincoln 
Cumnock,  A.  J. 
Elsberg,  Nathaniel  A. 
Emery,  Joseph  H. 
Flagg,  Ernest 
Foren,  George  W. 
Ham  MITT,  Walter 
Hanan,  N.  W. 
Heilbroner,  Louis 
Henry,  W.  Hamilton 
Holmes,  Edwin  T. 
Keogan,  p.  J. 
Koch.  W.  T. 


KuNz,  George  F. 
Lewis,  Edward  B. 
Lines,  Harvey  K. 
LoRSEN,  Arthur 
Maynard,  Walter  E. 
Murphy,  Peter  J. 
NoRDEN,  Mortimer 
O'Flaherty,  James,  Jr. 
Olsen,  John  A. 
Plimpton,  G.  A. 
Pringle,  J. 
Robinson,  Powhatan 
Roche,  Edward 
Rothschild,  Meyer  D. 
Slayton,  E.  C. 
Stern,  Louis 
Straus,  Jesse  I. 
Thorley,  Charles 
Wallach,  Samuel 
Wise,  Edward 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 

CONSERVING  MAN  POWER 

IN  the  present  emergency  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the 
country's  resources  be  used  to  full  advantage  to  aid  in  carry- 
ing on  the  war.  This  requires  that  all  unnecessary  services  shall  be 
eliminated  in  retail  trade  as  well  as  in  other  lines  of  business. 
.  .  .  A  careful  study  made  by  the  Commercial  Economy  Board 
has  indicated  that  more  than  100,000  men  are  needlessly  em- 
ployed in  retail  delivery  service  in  the  United  States. 

"The  elaborate  service  now  rendered  by  many  merchants 
may  be  permitted  in  times  of  peace,  but  it  can  have  no  rightful 
place  in  a  war-time  program.  .  .  .  These  are  critical  times. 
The  nation  faces  a  serious  situation. 

"The  Commercial  Economy  Board  points  out  to  retail  mer- 
chants how  they  can  help.  It  calls  upon  all  retail  merchants 
everywhere  for  prompt,  patriotic  co-operation  in  adjusting  their 
business  in  accordance  with  the  national  need." 

PROMPT  AND  CHEERFUL  RESPONSE 

This  message  came  through  from  the  War  Industries  Board  at 
Washington  to  the  Committee  on  Retail  Industries  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  as  the  recognized  unit 
of  that  Board  for  New  York  City.  It  was  realized  that  condi- 
tions in  the  national  metropolis  are  naturally  much  more  com- 
plicated than  in  smaller  places  where  a  unified  system  of 
deliveries  had  already  been  put  into  effect;  but  prompt  action 
was  taken  when  the  matter  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  New 
York  retail  interests  on  a  patriotic  basis. 

Conferences  were  held  with  the  Retail  Dry  Goods  Associa- 
tion, the  Fifth  Avenue  Association,  the  Broadway  Association, 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


and  in  other  influential  directions;  and  without  exception  a 
prompt  and  cheerful  response  was  made  by  such  commercial 
bodies  to  the  approaches  made  by  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

NEW  BUSINESS  RULES 

Circulars  were  issued  by  these  and  other  organizations  and 
large  display  advertisements  were  inserted  in  the  city  newspa- 
pers late  in  June,  1918.  These  costly  announcements  have  been 
repeated  frequently  by  individual  firms  since  that  time.  The 
request  was  made  that  merchants  should  immediately  adopt  the 
following  rules  in  the  conduct  of  their  business: 

( 1 )  The  restriction  of  deliveries  to  not  more  than  one  trip  a 
day  over  each  route. 

(2)  Limiting  to  three  days  the  time  a  customer  may  retain 
merchandise  in  order  to  enjoy  the  return  privilege. 

(3)  The  restriction  of  special  deliveries. 

While  the  merchants  who  voluntarily  adhered  to  this  request 
from  the  Government  are  deserving  of  great  credit,  no  less  credit 
is  due  to  the  general  public,  which  almost  without  exception  ac- 
cepted these  revolutionary  rulings  in  an  admirable  spirit  of 
co-operation  and  helpfulness. 

The  new  system  is  intended  to  apply  to  dry-goods  and  cloth- 
ing establishments,  department  stores,  grocery  stores  and  every 
other  line  of  trade  where  man  power  can  be  conserved.  On  the 
recommendation  of  the  War  Industries  Board  no  campaign  was 
made  by  the  merchants  of  New  York  City  to  induce  retail  buy- 
ers to  carry  home  their  own  packages.  Formal  announcement 
of  the  new  plans  by  the  great  merchants  seemed  to  be  all  that 
was  necessary  to  cause  customers  generally  to  carry  their  own 
packages,  thus  reverting  to  the  old  "cash  and  carry"  plan. 

Reports  not  alone  from  New  York  City  but  from  more  than 
thirty  of  the  large  cities  of  the  country  showed  that  the  public 
almost  automatically  co-operated  by  carrying  home  a  large 
number  of  packages.  This  increase  averaged  within  a  short 
time  44%,  and  the  new  system  soon  saved  approximately  35% 
of  the  number  of  men  engaged  in  delivery  and  also  saved  40% 

D60:] 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 


in  automobiles.  It  is  believed  that  if  a  national  survey  were 
made  at  the  present  time  these  percentages  would  be  substan- 
tially increased. 

Leading  New  York  City  stores  gave  prominence  to  the  new 
regulations  in  their  announcements,  and  the  following  advertise- 
ment was  carried  by  the  leading  metropolitan  dailies: 


NOTICE 

THE  WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

desirous  of  conserving  man  power,  calls  upon  the 

RETAIL  MERCHANTS  OF 
NEW  YORK 

to  adopt  the  following  rules  in  the  conduct  of 
their  business: 

1.  The  restriction  of  deliveries  to  not  more  than  one 
trip  a  day  over  each  route. 

2.  Limiting  to  three  days  the  time  a  customer  may 
retain  merchandise  in  possession  in  order  to  enjoy 
the  return  privilege. 

3.  The  restriction  of  special  deliveries. 

The  co-operation  of  the  public  is  invited  in  the  en- 
forcement of  this  Government  request. 

Early  morning  shopping  will  facilitate  the  adoption 
of  these  rulings. 

Committee  on  Retail  Industries 

of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 

Hall  of  Records,  New  York  City 

Henry  MacDonald,  Director-General 
M.  Friedsa.m,  Chairman  E.  P.  Gaston,  Secretary 




THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


AVOIDING  INDUSTRIAL  DISLOCATION 

By  limiting  the  return  of  merchandise  so  that  an  article  is  not 
in  the  possession  of  the  purchaser  for  more  than  three  days,  by 
cutting  out  needless  C.  O.  D.'s  and  requiring  a  deposit  on  all 
C.  O.  D.  transactions,  as  well  as  by  eliminating  special  deliv- 
eries, a  large  amount  of  unnecessary  work  has  been  saved  by 
the  operation  of  this  national  conservation  program.  As  the 
extensive  pre-war  service  was  curtailed,  the  men  relieved  from 
handling  it  have  been  released  for  other  departments  in  the 
same  stores.  This  whole  plan  has  helped  many  merchants  to 
meet  their  own  problems.  Through  this  means  the  govern- 
mental needs  have  also  been  met,  because  it  has  not  been  neces- 
sary to  replace  men  taken  for  military  service  with  men  with- 
drawn from  manufacturing  or  other  productive  industries. 

The  adoption  of  the  Federal  program  by  the  great  merchants 
of  New  York  City  is  proving  a  substantial  help  in  continuing 
these  saving  measures  in  other  parts  of  the  country  where  busi- 
ness men  were  inclined  to  wait  and  see  what  New  York  mer- 
chants would  do. 

The  recommendations  from  Washington  were  that  one  deliv- 
ery a  day  be  adopted  by  stores  in  all  towns  of  more  than  2500 
inhabitants.  A  later  report  indicated  that  details  have  been 
worked  out  and  the  plans  successfully  practised  for  several 
months  in  about  300  towns  in  45  states,  affecting  a  total  popu- 
lation of  more  than  24,000,000.  It  was  freely  predicted,  how- 
ever, that  such  a  plan  as  this  would  not  be  workable  at  all  in 
large  cities  such  as  New  York  or  Chicago;  that  it  would  require 
a  force  of  men,  automobiles,  horses  and  wagons  about  twice  as 
large  as  the  ordinary  force  attached  to  any  of  the  large  stores 
in  such  cities  as  this  to  attempt  to  handle  all  their  deliveries  on 
the  basis  of  one  delivery  a  day.  Even  then  it  was  claimed  that 
the  chances  would  be  that  the  delivery  departments  in  the  large 
stores  would  frequently  become  clogged,  just  as  railways  be- 
come clogged  with  freight. 

These  predictions,  however,  would  seem  to  be  unfounded  by 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 


the  originality  which  was  shown  on  the  part  of  New  York  mer- 
chants in  adapting  the  method  to  the  complicated  require- 
ments of  the  world's  greatest  city. 

NOTABLE  PUBLIC  ADVANTAGES 

The  ultimate  advantage  to  the  public  in  lessened  costs  is  well 
shown  by  a  recent  study  in  retail  cartage  costs  in  the  city  of 
Washington  by  the  Census  Bureau.  This  showed  that  for 
bakery  products  the  percentage  of  delivery  costs  to  gross  sales 
averaged  19.8;  for  ice  cream,  14.9;  for  coal  and  wood,  15.2;  for 
ice,  45.6;  for  food  products  as  a  whole,  7.4.  How  many  men 
and  boys  are  emplo\  ed  in  the  entire  country  in  retail  deliveries 
and  how  much  they  cost  actually  no  one  knows,  but  both  figures 
would  evidently  be  very  large.  A  department  store  in  a  large 
city  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  acting  with  other  department 
stores,  recently  cut  its  regular  deliveries  from  three  to  one  a  day 
and  found  that  instead  of  twenty  delivery  trucks  it  needed  only 
fourteen.  The  store  had  lost  a  number  of  elevator  men,  ware- 
housemen and  packers  through  the  draft,  but  by  simplifying  its 
delivery  service  in  line  with  the  official  recommendations  it  was 
spared  the  necessity  of  bidding  against  a  near-by  munition 
plant,  neighboring  farms  and  other  vital  industries  for  substi- 
tutes. The  vacant  places  were  filled  instead  with  the  released 
delivery  men  and  boys.  The  employees  were  released  from 
work  on  an  average  of  an  hour  and  a  half  earlier,  and  the  store 
was  enabled  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  for  lower  prices  by 
means  of  the  savings  thus  made. 

INCREASING  EFFICIENCY  ALL  ROUND 

In  a  general  way  many  suggestions  for  increasing  efficiency 
have  been  made  to  the  Committee  on  Retail  Industries  by  men 
who  see  how  badly  New  "Workers  still  do  many  things.  Some  of 
these  proposals  have  been  taken  under  consideration,  while 
others  are  obviously  impracticable  for  the  present  time. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  retail  industries  could  organize 
their  employees,  male  and  female,  into  military  and  semi-mili- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


tary  units  which  may  be  used  as  adjuncts  to  the  organized 
guards  in  case  of  necessity.  The  men  could  act  as  guards  for 
the  protection  of  buildings,  etc.,  in  case  of  an  air  raid  or  attack 
from  the  sea,  while  the  women  could  serve  as  nurses  in  extem- 
porized hospitals,  etc.  It  is  believed  that  with  employees  thus 
organized  much  of  the  lack  of  morale  and  esprit  de  corps  which 
goes  hand  in  hand  with  war  conditions  of  temporary  employ- 
ment can  be  corrected.  Moreover,  an  organization  of  em- 
ployees is  especially  necessary  where  there  is  a  possibility  of 
panic,  due  to  riots  or  other  disturbances. 

THE  ZONING  SYSTEM 

Experts  on  city  planning  are  practically  agreed  that  it  is  an 
advantage  to  group  in  central  districts  the  retail  establishments 
of  such  a  city  as  New  York,  excepting  such  as  relate  perhaps  to 
the  distribution  of  food  supplies.  The  particular  advantage  of 
grouping  industries,  whether  retail  or  otherwise,  is  found  in  the 
fact  that  it  facilitates  shopping  and  regulates  the  disturbing 
and  deteriorating  influence  of  shops  where  located  in  residential 
sections.  The  question  of  grouping  industries,  otherwise  zoning, 
has  heretofore  been  considered  by  city  authorities,  by  the  legis- 
lature and  by  various  associations.  Laws  have  been  passed  re- 
lating to  the  subject  and  much  good  has  been  done.  Neverthe- 
less, demands  have  been  made  many  times  on  the  part  of 
property  owners  to  break  down  the  zoning  system,  and  the 
Mayor's  Committee  is  giving  this  matter  serious  consideration 
for  the  good  of  the  retail  industries  and  the  city's  interests  at 
large. 

The  war  already  has  effected  many  changes  in  retail  indus- 
tries in  New  York  and  other  cities  throughout  the  country. 
The  smaller  industries,  trades  and  retail  shops  have  in  many 
instances  been  forced  to  suspend,  thus  driving  business  into  the 
larger  department  stores.  It  is  believed  that  cognizance  should 
be  taken  of  this  tendency  and  endeavors  be  made  to  bring 
about  improved  relations  in  the  various  business  interests  with 
the  object  of  stabilizing  trade.    Suppression  of  questionable 

1:1643 


COMMITTEE  ON  RETAIL  INDUSTRIES 


practices  on  the  part  of  any  tradesmen  should  be  given  effective 
consideration,  so  that  the  stores  which,  for  instance,  conformed 
with  the  Mayor's  Committee  program  of  saving  man  power, 
should  not  be  penalized  for  their  loyalty. 

The  demand  for  labor,  male  and  female,  has  been  increased 
tremendously  by  war  conditions,  with  the  result  that  the  best 
type  of  clerks  oftentimes  have  given  up  their  employment  in 
the  retail  industries  for  better  temporary  remuneration  else- 
where. This  has  resulted  in  considerable  demoralization  among 
employees,  with  the  result  that  in  many  cases  lack  of  efficiency, 
intelligence,  tidiness  and  honesty  is  manifest — dishonesty  in  the 
sense  that  their  efforts  are  not  profitable  to  themselves  or  their 
employers  and  thus  they  receive  compensation  without  giving 
an  adequate  return.  The  public  also  in  turn  suffers  and  discon- 
tent and  irritability  in  some  cases  has  been  engendered  against 
shopkeepers,  which  is  neither  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  nor  the 
tradesmen.  It  is  suggested  that  this  matter  might  be  looked 
irto  with  the  hope  of  lessening  this  evil  and  increasing  the 
efficiency  of  the  employees  and  the  service  of  retail  industry  in 
general. 

WAR  READJUSTMENTS 

War  has  caused  the  curtailment  of  credits.  This  curtailment  in 
many  instances  has  been  unwisely  applied.  The  financial  re- 
sponsibility of  those  who  used  credit  in  many  cases  was  not 
impaired,  but  nevertheless  failures  have  occurred  repeatedly 
through  the  unintelligent  handling  of  this  service  problem. 

Retail  industries  generally,  since  the  war  began,  have  been 
limited  to  a  large  extent  by  standards  of  a  domestic  origin.  It 
might  be  of  interest  to  distributors  in  New  York,  as  elsewhere, 
to  take  up  the  question  of  American  standardization,  which 
could  be  reached  by  manufacturing  concerns  before  their  prod- 
ucts are  offered  for  distribution,  in  order  that  our  domestic  ar- 
ticles will  compare  favorably  with  the  character  of  the  goods 
heretofore  manufactured  in  foreign  countries.  Nations  like 
Germany,  France  and  Great  Britain  have  powerful  organiza- 
tions working  for  unity  in  the  development  of  industries  and 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


relating  not  merely  to  the  quantity  of  output  of  the  industries 
but  to  the  uniform  standard  of  the  goods  produced.  It  is  feared 
that  following  the  war  there  may  be  a  great  diminution  of  retail 
business  in  America,  with  the  trade  possibly  going  to  foreign 
countries,  if  the  fact  is  not  recognized  here  that  there  may  be  a 
gradual  and  growing  deterioration  of  character  in  certain 
goods  offered  for  sale.  From  the  foregoing  one  may  gain  an 
idea  of  some  of  the  problems  which  are  engaging  the  attention 
of  the  Committee  on  Retail  Industries  and  its  related  interests. 


C  166:1 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  relating 
to  risks  and  insurance  within  the  City  of  New 
York  and  adjacent  territory,  growing 
out  of  war  conditions. 


George  R.  Branson 
Chairman 


Darwin  P.  Kingsley 
Vice-Chairman 


executive  committee 

Ballard,  Sumner  Eidlitz,  Otto  M. 

Cram,  J.  Sergeant  Hoey,  James  J. 

Dix,  William  Frederick  Snow,  Elbridge  G. 

Edwards,  Charles  Jerome  Stabler,  Walter 


MEMBERS 


Adrian,  George  M. 
Allen,  Edward  W. 
AxMAN,  Clarence 
Ball,  Wilbur  L. 
Behning,  Albert 
Bolton,  William  H. 
BooDY,  Chas.  a. 
Brennan,  William  R. 
Cody,  Frederick 
Cohn,  Edward  R. 
Cragen,  John  M. 
Dayton,  Charles  W. 
De  Bracke,  Pierre  R. 
Douglas,  William  Harris 
DwiGHT,  Edmund 
Ellison,  Bennett 
Ernst,  Bernard  M.  L. 
Fowler,  Thomas  P. 
Fox,  Robert  J. 
Frank,  Edgar  E. 


Gerli,  Joseph 
Graham,  Sigsbee 
Hamilton,  W.  J. 
Hammond,  Ogden  H. 
Huff,  Perez  F. 
Joyce,  William  B. 
Lalanne,  Charles  E. 
Levine,  Samuel  W. 
Lunger,  John  B. 
Lustig,  Maxwell 
McGuiRE,  Cornelius  A 
Payne,  George  E. 
Platten,  John  W. 
Rayens,  Michael  W. 
Richards,  E.  O. 
Schneider,  Samuel  R. 
Smith,  Clement  H. 
Wack,  George 
Wolfe,  Lee  J. 

WOLLMAN,  BeNJ.  F. 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 

JO 

CITY  FIRE  ZONING 

IT  is  estimated  that  seventy  per  cent,  of  the  buildings  in  the 
City  of  New  \'ork,  as  in  other  American  cities,  are  of  poor 
construction  and  tending  to  decay.  The  fire  risk  is  increasing. 
Attempts  have  been  made  to  decrease  the  risk  by  building  laws 
and  by  the  provision  in  New  York  of  the  best  Fire  Department 
in  the  world;  but  the  laws  do  not  go  far  enough.  Provision 
should  be  made  to  zone  the  city,  so  that  in  case  of  a  general 
conflagration  the  destruction  could  be  limited  to  a  definite 
zone. 

The  peculiar  situation  of  New  York,  frequency  of  high  winds, 
etc.,  make  the  risk  very  great.  The  risk  is  further  enhanced  by 
carelessness  on  the  part  of  the  people,  as  well  as  dishonesty  on 
the  part  of  certain  of  the  population.  It  is  believed  that  there 
could  be  incorporated  with  the  Fire  Department  an  efficient  de- 
partment of  inspection,  the  duty  of  which  would  be  to  carry  out 
periodic  inspections  of  zones  within  the  city,  with  the  object 
of  preventing  fire  risks. 

In  many  of  the  European  cities  inspection  is  carried  out  by 
paid  and  unpaid  officers,  the  paid  officers  being  technical  ex- 
perts and  the  unpaid  men  citizens  whose  duty  it  is  to  see  that  no 
political  or  financial  interest  is  used  to  affect  the  work  of  in- 
spection. The  fire  losses  in  the  City  of  New  York  are  enormous 
and  appear  to  be  disproportionate  to  those  of  other  great  cities. 
Fire  losses  being  economic  losses  which  hurt  the  business  of 
the  City,  serious  attention  is  being  paid  to- lessening  these  ele- 
ments of  danger. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT  EXEMPTIONS 

Among  the  special  activities  of  the  Committee  on  Risks  and 
Insurance  have  been  the  consideration  of  pleas  of  the  Fire  Com- 

i:>693 


( 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


missioner  and  Chief  of  the  Fire  Department  towards  exempt- 
ing the  present  members  of  the  Fire  Department  from  draft 
service;  and  also,  to  urge  the  right  of  priority  for  the  securing 
of  fire  apparatus  and  materials  necessary  to  repair  their  present 
equipment.  The  Committee  sent  representatives  to  Washing- 
ton, where  a  hearing  was  had  before  the  Priority  Board. 

Success  was  attained  in  having  the  Priority  Board  agree  to 
assign  fire  equipment  to  Class  A6,  which  is  a  little  below  the 
class  of  munitions,  but  with  the  proviso  that  all  the  equipment 
ordered  must  be  "absolutely  necessary."  In  connection  with 
this  hearing,  the  War  Priority  Board  acted  on  the  testimony 
that  New  York  piers,  holding  valuable  and  highly  inflammable 
cargoes,  were  endangered  by  lack  of  sufficient  fire  protection. 
Fire  Commissioner  Thomas  J.  Drennan  of  New  York,  Fire 
Chief  John  Kenlon  of  New  York,  and  Chiefs  Murphy  and 
Emerich  of  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  respectively,  repre- 
sented the  firemen  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  in  these 
hearings,  their  appointment  having  been  made  at  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  International  Fire  Engineers,  which  was  held  in 
June,  1917. 

The  subject  of  deferred  classification  for  firemen  and  their 
exemption  from  draft  was  also  taken  up  with  Provost-Marshal- 
General  Crowder,  and  a  hearing  was  held  and  the  expectation 
is  that  New  York  City  firemen  will  be  placed  in  Class  3,  as 
being  engaged  in  an  occupation  essential  to  the  conduct  of 
the  war. 

MEETING  WAR  CONDITIONS 

Among  other  features  of  work  that  have  been  suggested  for 
the  Committee  on  Risks  and  Insurance  are  the  following: 

War  conditions  have  brought  about  many  changes  in  do- 
mestic and  commercial  life  which  do  not  exist  in  times  of 
peace,  such  as  incendiary  fires,  explosions  in  manufacturing 
plants  and  the  like,  due  partially  to  the  acts  of  alien  enemies, 
and  partially  to  carelessness  and  lack  of  supervision.  These 
risks  must  be  assumed  and  proper  protection  afi"orded.    By  the 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


word  risks  are  included  not  only  risks  to  life  and  property,  but 
its  effect  on  business  in  general.  The  Government  has  under- 
taken to  provide  against  risks  in  shipping  and  the  lives  of  sol- 
diers and  sailors,  but  has  made  little  or  no  provision  for  what 
may  be  termed  domestic  risks.  This  Committee  has  been  asked 
to  study  that  situation  more  carefully. 

Problems  arising  in  anticipation  of  attack  by  the  enemy  are 
being  considered,  and  efforts  to  provide  against  and  minimize 
the  damage  and  suffering  are  being  worked  out.  By  acting  in 
co-operation  with  the  Fire  Department,  the  national  and  state 
organizations  regarding  fire  risks,  life  risks,  etc.,  as  well  as 
some  of  the  other  special  committees  of  the  Mayor's  Commit- 
tee on  National  Defense,  provision  should  be  possible  against 
serious  conflagrations,  explosions  and  other  destructive  influ- 
ences, and  to  minimize  the  suffering  that  might  be  occasioned 
thereby.  The  suggestion  is  being  considered  that  this  Com- 
mittee should  approach  the  various  existing  national  groups 
resident  in  this  cosmopolitan  city,  and  that  each  group  be 
asked  to  organize  fire  protective  brigades,  which  could  co-oper- 
ate with  the  Fire  and  Police  Departments  when  required. 

Hearings  have  been  held  at  which  the  Commissioner  and 
Chief  of  the  New  York  Fire  Department  have  appeared  and 
explained  the  various  methods  they  are  taking  or  anticipate 
taking  to  augment  the  regular  service  of  the  New  York  Fire 
Department  in  these  emergencies. 

UNUSUAL  WAR  PROBLEMS 

The  request  has  also  been  made  that  this  Committee  investi- 
gate relative  liability  of  individuals,  owners,  risks  and  in- 
surance associations,  and  study  all  conditions  and  unusual 
problems  growing  out  of  the  present  war.  This  includes  the 
question  of  liability  of  fire  insurance  companies  for  injuries  re- 
ceived by  non-combatants  by  reason  of  acts  of  resident  alien 
enemies  and  plans  for  handling  the  various  questions  of  that 
kind  as  they  may  arise. 
A  very  exhaustive  report  has  recently  been  issued  by  this 

D70 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Committee  in  folder  form.  This  is  being  widely  distributed 
throughout  the  United  States,  inviting  the  attention  of  the  gen- 
eral public  to  the  conditions  referred  to  therein,  and  suggesting 
that  the  conservation  of  life  and  property  by  fire  prevention 
safeguards  is  one  of  the  ways  in  which  everyone  can  materially 
contribute  towards  winning  the  war.  A  copy  of  this  report 
here  follows: 

THE  WAR'S  EFFECT  ON  FIRE  HAZARD 

Few  people  stop  to  realize  what  a  vastly  important  bearing 
the  small  hazard  has  on  the  annual  fire  waste  in  the  United 
States.  During  the  year  19 16  our  national  fire  loss  amounted 
to  about  1214,530,995,  90  per  cent,  of  which  was  apparently 
due  to  avoidable  causes.  And  yet  this  menace  proceeds  with 
its  destructive  work  seemingly  unhampered,  showing  a  radical 
increase  during  the  year  191 7,  when  the  fire  waste  amounted 
to  1250,753,640 — greater  than  that  of  191 5  by  $78,720,440  or 
nearly  50  per  cent. 

That  there  has  been  a  correspondingly  tremendous  increase 
in  fire  hazard  in  the  United  States  during  the  past  two  years  is 
obviously  indicated  by  this  startling  loss  record.  Much  of  this 
increase  appears  to  be  justly  attributable  directly  or  indirectly 
to  war  conditions  now  existing,  and  the  most  alarming  part  of 
it  all  is  that  conditions  do  not  seem  to  be  improving.  Such  a 
development,  especially  at  a  time  when  our  country  is  so  sorely 
in  need  of  all  available  pecuniary  assistance  and  the  public  in 
general  is  adopting  all  sorts  of  economic  measures,  is  deplor- 
able and  must  be  checked  and,  if  possible,  entirely  overcome. 
While  the  situation  is  indeed  serious,  the  outlook,  however  dis- 
couraging to  those  who  have  been  in  touch  with  the  facts  and 
have  for  some  time  been  making  desperate  effort  to  counteract 
this  excessive  fire  waste,  is  not  altogether  hopeless,  for  desired 
results  will  surely  follow  concerted,  energetic  co-operation  be- 
tween the  public,  which  is  so  vitally  interested,  and  all  fire  fight- 
ing, fire  prevention,  insurance,  military,  municipal  and  welfare 
agencies.   With  this  thought  in  mind,  the  Committee  on  Risks 

L  1723 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


and  Insurance  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 
has  endeavored  to  point  out  briefly  a  few  instances  of  avoidable 
hazard  increase  that  have  come  to  its  attention,  hoping  to 
awaken  public  interest  in  the  matter. 

THE  LABOR  SITUATION 

The  shortage  of  labor,  due  to  the  war,  has  been  the  indirect 
cause  of  a  large  increase  in  fire  hazard.  As  many  of  the  most 
efficient  employees  in  the  various  industrial  and  commercial  es- 
tablishments throughout  the  country  joined  the  colors  in  defense 
of  our  country's  cause,  their  places  were  filled  by  others,  many 
of  whom  are  not  only  less  efllcient  but  grossly  inefficient,  which 
means  a  corresponding  increase  in  fire  risk  incurred  by  poor  and 
careless  workmanship.  When  vacancies  cannot  be  filled  owing 
to  scarcity  of  help,  economy  of  labor  follows,  the  force  of  which 
naturally  is  felt  most  by  the  process  or  occupation  least  affect- 
mg  the  output  of  the  plant — the  general  management  and  clean- 
liness and  care  of  fire-fighting  equipment  usually  suffering  the 
most. 

The  tremendous  efi'ect  of  such  a  condition  on  fire  hazard  can 
hardly  be  overestimated.  Rubbish  accumulations  awaiting  a 
carelessly  thrown  match,  lighted  cigar  or  cigarette,  or  igniting 
spontaneously;  neglected  hot  ashes,  lawless  smoking,  careless 
handling  of  dangerous  supplies  and  materials,  etc.,  are  a  few  of 
the  dangers.  Fire  pumps,  tanks  and  other  sources  of  water  sup- 
ply for  automatic  sprinkler  systems  have  not  been  properly 
maintained;  defective  or  leaky  valves  and  fittings  have  robbed 
many  systems  of  their  value,  permitting  fires  to  burn  them- 
selves out,  gutting  entire  plants  that  otherwise  would  have  been 
saved  had  the  sprinklers  been  properly  cared  for;  empty  and 
neglected  fire  pails,  worthless  chemical  extinguishers,  defective 
standpipes  and  hose  connections,  missing  nozzles,  etc.,  have  all 
resulted  from  this  same  cause.  Especially  is  this  the  case  in 
plants  where  war  necessity  has  increased  the  output,  all  efforts 
being  directed  toward  producing  the  maximum  in  merchandise 
at  sacrifice  of  the  proper  care  of  fire-fighting  equipment. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


OVERTIME  WORK  DANGERS 

The  great  demand  for  war  material  and  supplies  has  been  the 
cause  of  other  hazards,  such  as  the  temporary  neglect  of  ma- 
chinery and  equipment,  which  is  hastily  dismantled  or  thrown 
aside  to  make  room  for  other  equipment  immediately  neces- 
sary. The  sections  of  plants  generally  used  for  storage  of  such 
dismantled  equipment  frequently  become  a  nest  of  miscellane- 
ous objects  mingled  with  oily  rags,  waste,  waste  papers  and 
other  rubbish,  subject  more  or  less  to  spontaneous  combustion. 
Another  condition  of  hazard  increase  is  overtime  work.  In  an 
effort  to  complete  special  work  and  lured  by  double  pay,  em- 
ployees have  been  induced  to  work  eighteen  to  twenty-four  hours 
at  a  stretch  without  rest  or  sleep.  It  is,  of  course,  impossible 
to  maintain  efTiciency  in  workmanship  and  care  under  such  con- 
ditions. 

A  few  hazardous  developments  noted  in  various  risks  are  as 
follows : 

STORAGE  WAREHOUSES 

Crowded  conditions  generally  obtain  and  proper  aisles  be- 
tween stock  piles  are  not  carefully  maintained.  Loose  packing 
material  and  rubbish  are  scattered  about  and  allowed  to  ac- 
cumulate in  most  dangerous  places,  such  as  the  bottom  of  ele- 
vator shafts  and  in  engine  and  motor  rooms.  Fire  doors  at 
communications  and  fire  checks  at  floor  openings  are  allowed 
to  become  obstructed  or  generally  defective. 

MACHINE  SHOPS 

General  indifference  seems  to  prevail  in  machine  shops  in 
relation  to  important  hazards  such  as  gasoline  torches,  oxy- 
acetylene  blowpipe  outfits,  forges,  mufflers  and  other  temporary 
soldering  and  brazing  equipment  which  are  carelessly  handled 
and  used  rather  than  take  the  time  to  install  same  properly. 
Rush  to  turn  out  orders,  making  new  lines  of  merchandise  to 

[■74:] 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


meet  present  demand,  and  overtime  work,  with  their  attending 
dangers,  careless  smoking,  washing  in  benzine,  dangerous  light- 
ing arrangement,  neglected  rubbish,  oily  metal  shavings  and 
waste,  are  frequently  prevalent. 

MANUFACTURING  CLOTHIERS  AND  ALLIED 
INDUSTRIES 

A  MARKED  increase  in  untidiness  prevails  in  this  class  of  es- 
tablishments. General  housecleaning  is  seldom  done  these 
days,  the  sweeper  usually  doing  the  work  faster  by  keeping  the 
aisles  clean  and  neglecting  the  vital  and  most  dangerous  parts, 
such  as  dark  and  unused  corners,  under  benches  and  machine 
tables,  in  beltways,  motor  boxes,  etc. 

STORES,  DWELLINGS,  APARTMENT  HOUSES  AND 
LIGHT  MERCANTILE  ESTABLISHMENTS 

A  GENERAL  survey  of  various  buildings  in  this  classification  dis- 
closed an  untidy  condition,  especially  in  cellars,  dumbwaiter 
and  elevator  shafts,  boiler  and  motor  rooms  where  rubbish  is 
allowed  to  accumulate.  Branch  lines  of  electric  wiring  were 
found  in  some  places  tacked  to  woodwork  or  hung  in  contact 
with  metal  by  careless  workmen. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENTS 

Fire  departments  are  generally  handicapped  by  the  inability  to 
secure  and  retain  a  sufficient  number  of  trained  and  experienced 
men. 

FREIGHT  CONGESTION  AND  SHIPPING 
DIFFICULTIES 

Freight  congestion  and  shipping  difficulties  that  have  been  felt 
throughout  the  country  since  the  beginning  of  the  war  have  had 
a  very  serious  effect  in  increasing  fire  hazards.  Warehouses  are 
filled  to  a  dangerously  crowded  degree,  segregating  enormous 
values  in  one  fire  risk.  So  heavy  is  the  storage  business  in  large 

['75: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


seaboard  cities  that  many  buildings  of  inferior  construction  and 
unsuited  to  such  occupancy  from  a  fire  hazard  point  of  view 
have  been  converted  into  storage  warehouses.  The  general 
housekeeping  in  warehouses  at  the  present  time  is  far  below  nor- 
mal. The  fact  that  manufacturers,  jobbing  houses,  wholesale 
and  retail  stores  are  at  times  unable  to  secure  their  supplies  or 
reship  their  merchandise  on  schedule  time  has  a  general  ten- 
dency to  induce  fire  hazard  in  a  moral  and  physical  sense,  owing 
to  loss  of  business  through  disappointed  customers  and  the  in- 
ability to  fulfil  contracts. 

HANDLING  OF  EXPLOSIVES 

Too  much  care  and  precaution  cannot  be  given  to  the  storage, 
handling  and  shipping  of  dangerous  chemicals,  acids  and  ex- 
plosives. The  recent  Halifax  disaster  was  a  costly  result  of  the 
shipping  of  highly  inflammable  hydrocarbon  and  T.  N.  T.  on 
the  same  craft  at  the  same  time. 

FUEL  SITUATION 

The  fuel  situation  is  very  far  reaching  in  its  effect  on  the  fire 
hazard,  especially  when  there  is  a  coal  famine  during  a  cold  sea- 
son such  as  we  had  last  winter,  when  nearly  all  classes  of  risks 
throughout  the  country  were  more  or  less  afi^ected.  Necessity 
in  the  matter  of  heat  is  a  breeder  of  carelessness  and  indifi'erence 
which  knows  no  limit.  In  the  poorer  class  of  dwellings,  for 
example,  fuel  wood  was  frequently  piled  under,  back  of,  and 
close  to  the  sides  of  stoves.  In  many  cases  the  draft  doors  of 
stoves  are  kept  open  and  when  pieces  of  wood  are  too  large  to  be 
received  inside  of  the  fire  box,  one  end  is  left  protruding  through 
the  open  lid,  emitting  sparks  and  flame  into  the  room.  This 
wood  was  largely  waste  material  consisting  of  old  lumber, 
broken  cases,  barrels  and  boxes,  picked  up  or  collected  where 
possible,  quite  likely  to  be  saturated  with  highly  inflammable 
secretions.  Hot-air  furnaces,  steam  and  hot-water  heaters  were 
found  surrounded  by  carelessly  piled  wood,  sometimes  in  con- 
tact with  the  smoke-pipes. 

D76:] 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


The  dangers  attending  the  use  of  wood  as  a  coal  substitute 
are  very  severe.  Its  fuel  value  is  equal  to  about  half  that  of 
coal.  As  it  is  much  lighter  than  coal  and  double  the  amount  is 
required  to  give  an  equal  amount  of  heat,  much  more  fuel  must 
be  handled.  On  the  other  hand,  wood  by  nature  is  far  more  in- 
flammable than  coal,  and  the  flames  often  extend  several  feet 
from  the  seat  of  the  fire,  while  the  flame  of  coal  is  usually  quite 
the  reverse.  Therefore,  with  the  wood  fuel  in  use,  smoke-pipes 
quickly  become  heated  to  an  intensely  dangerous  degree,  pre- 
senting hazards  in  this  respect  infinitely  greater  than  those  in- 
curred by  the  use  of  coal.  It  is  because  of  this  fact  that  coal 
heaters  in  many  instances  are  not  proper  or  safe  for  wood. 
Roaring  wood  fires  have  been  found  in  ordinary  ash  cans  in 
large,  crowded  loft  buildings,  closely  exposing  flimsy,  highly  in- 
flammable materials,  while  hundreds  of  kerosene  and  gasoline 
stoves  were  pressed  into  service. 


APARTMENT  HOUSE  RISKS 

In  modern  steam-heated  apartment  houses,  unable  to  obtain 
coal,  the  tenants  relieved  the  situation  by  the  use  of  portable  oil 
or  gas  heaters.  Many  such  heaters  have  been  in  use  danger- 
ously close  to  curtains,  tapestry,  woodwork  and  other  inflam- 
mable material.  The  severe  dangers  in  such  cases  are  obvious, 
especially  as  the  heaters  are  almost  certain  to  be  left  burning 
without  an  attendant. 

Another  very  important  factor  in  a  fuel  shortage  emergency, 
one  of  grave  importance,  is  its  efi'ect  on  fire  protection  appara- 
tus in  extremely  cold  weather,  especially  automatic  sprinkler 
equipments.  During  the  past  winter  New  York  City  sufi'ered 
very  severely  in  this  respect.  Most  of  our  sprinklered  risks  were 
threatened  with  freezing  because  of  insufficient  heating  due  to 
the  lack  of  fuel.  Many  equipments  were  rendered  temporarily 
useless  because  of  frozen  valves,  fittings,  piping,  etc.,  while 
others  were  severely  damaged,  some  almost  to  the  point  of  ruin; 
and  when  damage  did  result,  in  many  instances  repairs  could 

n  177!] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


not  be  made  for  months,  owing  to  the  inability  to  secure  suffi- 
cient help  and  the  materials  and  supplies  necessary  to  make  re- 
pairs. It  is  obviously  possible  to  eliminate  practically  all  of 
the  extra  hazards  attending  a  coal  famine  by  a  little  forethought 
and  precautionary  measure,  either  by  providing  sufficient  coal 
when  it  is  available  to  last  through  the  winter  months  or  by  the 
installation  of  proper  equipment  for  a  suitable  substitute  be- 
forehand. 

We  earnestly  invite  the  attention  of  the  general  public  to  the 
conditions  referred  to  in  this  report  and  suggest  that  the  conser- 
vation of  life  and  property  by  proper  fire  prevention  safeguards 
is  a  way  in  which  every  one  can  materially  contribute  toward 
winning  the  war. 

FIRE  PREVENTION  DAY 

New  York  has  so  far  to  go  in  the  way  of  fire  prevention  that 
great  interest  centered  about  the  meeting  for  the  observance 
of  Fire  Prevention  Day,  as  arranged  by  the  Mayor's  Committee 
at  the  City  Hall.  The  Fire  Department  of  New  York  City  at 
that  meeting  presented  the  following  concrete  suggestions  on 
this  vital  matter: 

The  matter  of  individual  responsibility  for  negligence  and 
damage  by  fire  is  a  matter  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  has 
endeavored  to  make  efi'ective  throughout  Greater  New  York; 
and  doubtless  in  that  case  the  same  principle  would  be  adopted 
by  other  cities.  This  simply  would  be  an  adaptation  of  the 
plan  which  is  followed  in  France  and  other  foreign  countries 
by  which  the  occurrence  of  fires  has  been  very  greatly  reduced. 

Dr.  William  F.  Doyle,  Chief  of  Fire  Prevention  Bureau,  gave 
a  short  outline  of  the  work  of  this  department,  emphasizing  the 
fact  that  notwithstanding  the  depleted  ranks,  resulting  from  the 
draft  and  the  influenza,  the  useful  work  of  fire  prevention  and 
fire  fighting  is  progressing  satisfactorily.  He  said  that  it  had 
been  possible  to  do  this  only  by  the  organization  of  an  auxiliary 
volunteer  service  of  three  thousand  loyal  citizens  who  had  per- 
formed great  services  in  assisting  the  Prevention  Bureau  to  re- 


COMMITTEE  ON  RISKS  AND  INSURANCE 


move  the  causes  of  fires  and  also  extinguishing  them  in  their 
incipient  stage. 

The  speaker  said  that  it  had  been  the  aim  of  his  department 
to  discharge  its  duties  with  the  least  annoyance  to  citizens  and 
property  owners,  and  emphasized  the  fact  that  it  was  the  duty 
of  every  citizen  to  assist  in  keeping  the  city  clear  of  all  com- 
bustibles and  inflammables  that  naturally  accumulate  in  yards 
and  houses.  The  system  of  investigating  the  conditions  of 
factories  has  been  very  effective,  but  the  co-operation  of  manu- 
facturers is  absolutely  necessary  in  order  to  keep  down  the  fire 
waste. 

Fire  Commissioner  Thomas  J.  Drennan,  in  a  short  address, 
called  attention  to  the  depleted  ranks  of  the  Fire  Department  by 
the  operation  of  the  draft,  460  of  his  men  having  been  claimed 
already,  although  they  are  under  the  deferred  class.  Although 
the  present  conditions  require  more  firemen  than  in  normal 
times,  it  had  been  possible  to  perform  the  work  of  a  complete 
department  by  means  of  an  auxiliary  department,  and  he  felt 
that  the  present  fire  force  is  prepared  to  meet  any  emergency. 


1^ 


COMMITTEE  ON  SANITATION 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  questions  affecting 
the  health  of  the  city,  protection  of  the  health, 
sanitary  conditions,  etc. 

Charles  D.  Lanier 
Chairman 

Robert  W.  de  Forest 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE 

BissELL,  Dr.  Joseph  B. 
Dana,  Dr.  Charles  L. 
Darlington,  Dr.  Thomas 
Delafield,  Dr.  Bryan 


COMMITTEE 

Harriss,  John  A. 
Hewitt,  Peter  Cooper 
James,  Arthur  Curtiss 
Partridge,  Dr.  Edward  L. 


MEMBERS 


Ambler,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Ames,  Louis  Annin 
Anable,  Courtland  V. 
Blumensohn,  H.  J. 
BoDEN,  p.  B. 
Bond,  Stephen  N. 
Boomer,  L.  M. 
Boyle,  Judge  Edward  F. 
Chetwood,  Dr.  Charles  H. 
Curtis,  William  Edmond 
Davis,  Gherardi 
Delafield,  Joseph  L. 
Delatour,  Dr.  H.  Beeckman 
Demorest,  William  Curtis 
Duffield,  Rev.  Howard 
Dunphy,  Edward  J. 
Eidlitz,  Otto  M. 
Enelow,  Rabbi  Hyman  G. 
Eynon,  Dr.  W.  G. 
Farley,  Thomas  M. 
Farrell,  Rev.  W.  B. 
Findley,  William  L. 
Fleischman,  Henry 
Fleury,  Geo.  A. 
Fogarty,  William  J. 


FoLSOM,  Henry  T. 
Francolini,  Joseph  N. 
Fuller,  Henry  J. 
Gimbel,  Isaac 
Gould,  Dr.  Everett  W. 
Grossman,  Rev.  Rudolph 
Hafstrom,  G.  J. 
Hall,  Hugh 
Harris,  John  F. 
Herter,  C.  S. 
Ledoux,  Albert  R. 
McCabe,  Frank 
McDonnell,  James  F. 
McGrath,  Alfred  J. 
Norton,  George  C. 
O'Brien,  Charles  J. 
OsEROFF,  Abraham 
Pearson,  John  B. 
Phillips,  Nathaniel 
Quinn,  Peter  T. 
Riley,  James  J. 
Rowan,  Joseph 
Savage,  Dr.  Watson  L. 
Schneider,  Henry 


COMMITTEE  ON  SANITATION 


ADDITIONAL  FACILITIES  NEEDED 

LARGE  numbers  of  people  in  a  great  city  like  New  York  are 
'  lacking  in  a  real  knowledge  of  hygiene.  The  question  of 
prevention  of  disease  is  naturally  more  acute  during  war 
time  by  reason  of  a  lax  discipline  and  the  breaking  down  of 
many  established  customs.  The  Department  of  Health  has 
done  excellent  work  in  meeting  the  peculiar  sanitary  conditions 
arising  in  such  a  massing  of  7,000,000  of  people  as  is  found  in 
New  York  City,  but  there  has  been  felt  the  need  of  an  addi- 
tional organization  which  would  be  able  to  render  assistance 
outside  the  ordinary  orbit  of  official  activities. 

It  is  with  a  realization  of  this  need  that  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee on  Sanitation  has  been  organized  as  an  adjunct  to  the 
other  activities  of  the  General  Committee.  Health  interests  of 
a  special  nature  have  arisen  in  connection  with  the  war,  and 
the  after-war  features  of  this  subject  will  be  such  as  to  require 
insistent  attention  for  the  safeguarding  of  the  health  of  the 
people  against  harm. 

The  standardization  of  apparatus  and  the  means  for  knowl- 
edge along  the  lines  adopted  by  many  European  cities  is  a 
feature  which  is  being  given  earnest  attention.  The  combating 
of  ignorance  on  the  subject  of  many  health-destroying  media, 
and  the  building  up  of  a  general  knowledge  of  simple  methods 
of  health  preservation,  are  sections  toward  which  special  at- 
tention is  being  directed.  Members  of  the  Mayor's  Committee 
have  made  careful  study  of  conditions  abroad  in  the  way  of 
preventive  sanitation,  and  these  methods  are  being  adapted  so 
far  as  possible  to  American  needs.  The  recent  prevalence  of 
Spanish  influenza  in  New  York  City,  as  in  other  American 
centers,  is  an  illustration  in  point  showing  the  need  for  such 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


expert  examination.  It  is  not  improbable  that  other  epidemics 
will  follow  upon  the  close  of  the  great  war,  and  the  supple- 
mental service  of  existing  bureaus  for  new  means  and  methods 
of  work  is  a  question  which  is  being  given  immediate  attention 
as  affecting  the  health  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  general. 

One  feature  which  is  being  given  consideration  by  the  Mayor's 
Committee  is  the  matter  of  fumes  and  gases  coming  from  the 
industrial  plants  on  the  Jersey  side  of  the  Hudson  River,  en- 
dangering the  health  of  the  residents  of  New  York  City.  These 
not  alone  are  proving  a  detriment  to  the  masses  of  the  people, 
but  affect  such  choice  residential  sections  as  Riverside  Drive  and 
other  select  localities  where  such  nuisances,  if  permitted  to  exist, 
would  prove  both  a  damage  to  health  and  to  property  values. 

COPING  WITH  A  CRISIS 

The  transition  of  industrial  life  from  conditions  of  war  to  the 
peace  program  promises  also  to  be  a  factor  in  the  issues  of  sani- 
tation which  must  be  met  and  solved.  Great  numbers  of  re- 
turning service  men  from  the  fields  of  war  require  special 
attention  and  quarantine  arrangements  to  guard  against  the 
bringing  of  diseases  which  may  be  prevalent  in  shipping  and 
the  other  fields  of  action.  It  is  felt  that  the  Port  of  New  York 
will  give  a  stricter  adherence  to  new  measures  of  health  protec- 
tion than  are  ordinarily  required. 

An  illustration  of  the  war  service  program  with  which  the 
Mayor's  Committee  are  co-operating  is  found  in  the  call  given 
to  the  Committee  on  Community  Councils  as  an  outgrowth  of 
action  by  the  Mayor's  Committee.  This  useful  organization 
was  called  upon  to  render  immediate  assistance  to  a  multitude 
of  neighborhoods  throughout  Greater  New  York  where  no 
adequate  official  machinery  existed  for  coping  with  Spanish 
influenza.  Action  was  taken  at  once  on  the  matter,  and  a 
thorough  organization  was  made  effective  within  a  day  or  two, 
to  the  great  assistance  not  alone  of  the  people  of  New  York 
City,  but  also  of  the  overworked  doctors,  nurses  and  hospitals. 

Within  the  meaning  of  the  operations  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 


COMMITTEE  ON  SANITATION 


mittee  the  term  "sanitation"  means  promotion  and  preservation 
of  health  by  prompt  and  efficient  means.  With  a  population  in- 
volving two  scores  of  nationalities  or  racial  groups,  it  is  realized 
that  the  capacity  of  the  present  Health  Department  may  be 
badly  strained  in  giving  the  attention  which  this  subject  de- 
mands in  case  of  a  special  crisis. 

Lessons  are  being  learned  from  the  European  cities  which 
have  found  it  necessary  to  divide  their  municipalities  into 
districts  and  to  put  the  districts  under  the  supervision  of  resi- 
dent citizens  of  those  localities.  The  hygienic  supervision  of 
such  citizens,  acting  in  co-operation  with  the  Health  Depart- 
ment, is  considered  as  a  civic  duty. 

In  other  words,  they  keep  the  Health  Department  informed 
as  to  the  particular  conditions  of  their  districts  so  that  the 
public  health  shall  be  maintained  as  a  whole.  European  cities 
have  also  found  it  necessary  to  appoint  extra  committees  to 
pass  on  all  questions  involving  apparatus  for  lighting,  heating, 
disposal  of  sewage,  etc. 

CRUSADING  FOR  CLEANLINESS 

If  official  supervision  is  not  had  as  a  protective  measure  in 
favor  of  the  public,  immense  masses  of  material  of  indifferent 
quality  is  sold  to  the  public,  to  its  detriment.  This  applies  not 
alone  to  food,  clothing  and  fuel,  but  to  many  other  articles  of 
sale  which  would  have  a  detrimental  effect  upon  the  welfare, 
and  consequently  upon  the  health,  of  the  people  as  a  whole. 

The  sanitary  departments  of  the  majority  of  European  cities 
also  have  food  committees,  the  duties  of  which  are  to  look  to 
the  cleanliness  and  hygienic  alimentation  of  the  public.  In- 
vestigations of  the  Health  Board  of  New  York  during  the  past 
two  years  have  shown  that  a  considerable  percentage  of  restau- 
rants are  careless  as  to  cleanliness,  and  that  measures  for  the 
improved  preparation  of  food  should  be  adhered  to.  Great 
improvements  have  already  been  made,  but  the  province  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  is  to  see  that  better  protection  is  given  to 
the  public.    The  crusades  carried  on  by  the  Department  of 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Health  registered  many  improvements,  but  it  is  felt  that  the 
work  should  go  on,  and  possibly  intensify,  especially  in  view  of 
the  present  high  price  of  food  and  the  scarcity  of  experienced 
kitchen  and  other  help  by  reason  of  the  demands  of  war. 

GARDENS  AND  HEALTH 

After  many  years  of  a  limited  experience,  it  is  felt  that  school 
gardens  and  war  gardens  may  be  introduced  more  widely  and 
effectively  than  ever  before.  The  stirring  of  the  soil,  the  growth 
of  vegetation,  and  the  exercise  and  mental  stimulus  which  are 
given  to  large  sections  of  the  people  by  the  cultivation  of  the 
earth,  have  a  definite  value  as  a  factor  in  civic  sanitation.  Physi- 
cal conditions  in  Manhattan  make  the  gardening  enterprise  one 
distinctly  limited  in  its  scope;  but  there  are  plenty  of  vacant 
plots  of  ground  in  most  of  the  other  boroughs  of  the  City,  and 
it  is  claimed  that  New  York  could  be  self-supporting  as  to 
domestic  fruits  and  vegetables  if  the  available  land  for  a  mile 
around  the  City  were  put  under  cultivation. 

Denver,  Colorado,  with  a  population  of  only  about  one- 
fortieth  of  that  of  Greater  New  York,  led  the  list  of  American 
cities  last  year  with  a  vegetable  crop  from  war  gardens  esti- 
mated at  ^2,000,000.  The  total  increase  in  America's  agricul- 
tural production  in  the  first  year  of  operation  of  war  gardening 
is  computed  at  1350,000,000,  or  I3.50  per  capita.  It  is  estimated 
by  the  Mayor's  Committee  that  the  cost  of  raising  vegetables 
on  one-acre  plots  of  this  kind  is  but  about  four  per  cent,  of  the 
value  of  the  vegetables  thus  produced.  The  factor  of  free  labor 
is,  of  course,  counted  in  the  foregoing  estimate. 

Holy  Writ  and  other  literature  which  have  come  down 
through  the  ages  have  preached  cleanliness  as  a  definite  factor 
in  righteousness;  but  for  many  years  the  American  people  were 
slow  in  realizing  the  need  for  collective  community  cleaning-up, 
as  well  as  personal  use  of  the  wash-basin  and  bath-tub.  Last 
year,  however,  no  less  than  seven  thousand  communities  were 
reported  as  being  thoroughly  overhauled  and  cleaned  up  in 
America;  and  through  the  removal  of  rubbish  and  other  in- 

['86;] 


COMMITTEE  ON  SANITATION 


flammable  materials  a  reduction  of  1 160,000  in  fire  insurance 
cost  was  efi"ected  in  a  single  city.  The  rubbish  thus  collected 
was  turned  at  once  into  the  production  of  food  through  the 
thrift  gardens,  of  which  nearly  a  million  are  estimated  to  have 
been  planted  throughout  the  United  States. 

Many  other  practical  and  popular  activities  were  undertaken 
with  the  calculated  purpose  of  making  communities  better  and 
happier  places  in  which  to  live.  For  the  first  year  of  this  plan, 
1912,  one  thousand  towns  and  cities  were  impressed  with  the 
importance  of  cleanliness,  thrift  and  civic  pride  as  a  measure 
of  beautifying  homes  and  towns  to  make  them  both  sanitary 
and  safe.  Last  year  more  than  seven  thousand  communities 
came  into  line  through  local  clean-up  campaigns. 

The  foreign-born  communities,  especially  in  New  York,  have 
substantially  lessened  their  death-rate  and  the  amount  of  illness 
by  these  means. 

COMMUNAL  CLEANLINESS 

The  Mayor's  Committee  celebrated  at  the  City  Hall  Fire 
Prevention  Day,  and  with  this  stimulus  it  is  hoped  that  a 
further  campaign  will  be  arranged  for  reducing  fire  insurance 
risks,  rates  and  fire  losses,  to  conserve  and  increase  property 
values  by  better  means  of  security;  and  for  increased  care  gen- 
erally in  cleaning  up  and  promptly  dealing  with  all  kinds  of 
rubbish. 

Features  of  the  foregoing  clean-up  campaigns,  which  are 
operative  in  thousands  of  places,  include  the  making  of  vacant 
lots  into  gardens;  the  removal  of  unsightly  and  unsanitary 
buildings;  war  on  the  house  fly;  the  general  cleaning  up  of 
yards  and  their  surroundings;  the  education  of  children  on  fire 
prevention ;  the  value  of  certain  kinds  of  vegetation  in  absorb- 
ing malaria  from  the  soil  and  atmosphere;  the  planting  of  trees 
and  shrubs  for  sanitary  purposes,  and  in  general  the  making  of 
more  healthful  and  attractive  dwelling  and  business  places.  By 
this  means  there  is  being  developed  a  definite  community  spirit 
that  makes  for  a  better  and  more  beautiful  life  all  around. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


WHAT  THE  RAT  COSTS 

The  Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin  might  find  useful  work  to  do  in  New 
York,  where  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  damage 
is  done  yearly  by  rats  and  other  rodents.  The  rat  peril  is  a 
menace  which  is  actually  with  us,  and  in  combating  which  mil- 
lions of  dollars  yearly  are  spent  by  various  countries.  Rat 
extermination  work  is  wide-spread  both  in  Europe  and  America, 
and  the  need  for  it  is  illustrated  by  the  statement  that  yearly 
losses  from  rats  in  the  British  Isles  are  175,000,000  in  actual 
property  damage;  Germany  loses  140,000,000;  France,  I38,- 
500,000;  and  even  a  small  country  like  Denmark  estimates  its 
rat  bill  at  |3,ooo,ooo  per  year.  Estimates  regarding  the  United 
States  place  the  property  damage  at  no  less  a  sum  than  $35,- 
000,000  yearly. 

The  foregoing  figures,  stupendous  as  they  are,  represent  but 
one  phase  of  the  damage  done  by  this  class  of  vermin,  but  they 
help  one  to  understand  how  necessary  it  has  been  found  by 
various  countries  to  undertake  rat  extermination  after  a  regular 
plan.  In  many  cases,  however,  American  cities  and  towns  have 
waited  for  action  of  this  kind  to  come  from  the  National  Gov- 
ernment. The  health  officer  of  every  community  should  know 
something  of  the  rat  problem  and  be  acquainted  with  the 
methods  for  exterminating  it.  Thus  far  in  America  the  efforts 
have  been  sporadic  and  generally  ineffective.  San  Francisco 
has  spent  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  in  protecting  itself 
against  rats;  New  Orleans  is  said  to  have  spent  |2 5,000  a  week 
during  a  season  of  quarantine;  Philadelphia  has  offered  a  bonus 
of  two  cents  for  every  dead  rat,  and  five  cents  for  every  live  one, 
and  in  the  summer  of  19 14  employed  a  chief  inspector,  six 
sub-inspectors,  a  bacteriologist  and  subordinates  for  patrolling 
the  river  sections  in  the  city.  A  receiving  station  was  opened 
where  more  than  five  thousand  domestic  rats  and  238  foreign 
rats  were  received  within  six  months.  Other  cities  which  have 
specialized  in  this  direction  include  Galveston,  Seattle,  Natchez, 
Mobile,  Charleston,  Jacksonville  and  Los  Angeles. 

[•88: 


COMMITTEE  ON  SANITATION 


A  NEW  PROPOSAL 

It  is  known  that  thousands  of  rats  come  ashore  yearly  from 
sea-going  vessels,  and  it  is  necessary  that  means  should  be 
taken  to  prevent  the  rats  from  leaving  the  ships  while  in  har- 
bor. The  most  approved  preventive  in  this  case  is  to  attach 
circular  metal  discs  to  the  ships'  mooring  lines,  thus  preventing 
the  rats  from  reaching  land  over  the  ropes.  It  is  obvious,  how- 
ever, that  where  ships  come  alongside  the  docks,  as  is  usually 
the  case  in  New  York,  additional  precautions  must  be  taken. 
Consideration  is  being  given  to  a  proposal  originated  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee,  by  which  a  ship  coming  into  American 
waters  would  be  required  to  have  a  clean  bill  of  health  as  re- 
gards rats,  just  as  definitely  as  against  contagious  diseases  or 
other  menaces  to  the  safety  of  the  community.  It  is  believed 
that  if  such  legislation  were  put  into  effect  the  extermination 
of  rats  could  be  accomplished  without  difficulty  during  the 
course  of  a  ship's  voyage  from  a  foreign  port,  thus  entailing 
no  real  hardship  upon  shipping  interests.  At  the  same  time 
there  would  be  rendered  that  protection  to  the  health  of  New 
York  City  and  the  country  as  a  whole  to  which  the  community 
is  plainly  entitled.  Any  ship  which  did  not  pass  the  required 
test  would,  of  course,  be  held  at  Quarantine  until  it  was  de- 
clared free  from  vermin. 

It  is  believed  that  the  progressive  citizens  of  New  York  will 
respond  to  this  new  effort  at  gradually  decreasing  and  finally 
eliminating  one  of  the  perils  to  life  and  property  in  the  City; 
and  it  is  felt  that  if  New  York  can  successfully  meet  this  prob- 
lem an  impetus  will  be  given  throughout  this  and  other 
countries  towards  joint  collective  action.  Extensive  efforts  are 
under  contemplation,  so  that  South  American,  Oriental,  Le- 
vantine and  other  countries  will  see  that  it  is  to  their  advantage 
to  "swat  the  rat"  as  a  preventive  of  the  spread  of  bubonic 
plague  and  the  other  diseases  which  they  are  known  to  carry. 
The  simple  proposal  to  restrict  the  berthing  at  New  York  of 
any  ship  which  is  not  free  from  vermin  would  probably  be  quite 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


sufficient  for  practically  the  world  at  large  to  adopt  this  plan 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

HOUSING  AND  HEALTH 

Housing  arrangements  for  the  industrial  classes  as  a  factor 
in  community  sanitation  form  a  much  more  complicated  prob- 
lem in  Greater  New  York  than  would  be  the  case  in  smaller 
cities  or  suburban  communities;  but  the  readjustment  of  hous- 
ing conditions  in  the  reconstruction  period  following  upon  the 
close  of  the  war  is  a  definite  piece  of  constructive  work  to  which 
the  Mayor's  Committee  is  giving  close  attention. 

In  at  least  one  hundred  communities  there  are  in  operation 
schemes  for  comfortable  and  sanitary  dwellings  of  low  cost  for 
the  families  of  workingmen.  There  is  great  need  for  unification 
of  efl"ort  along  these  lines,  so  that  progressive  groups  through- 
out Greater  New  York,  and,  in  fact,  throughout  the  country, 
can  come  into  touch  with  each  other  for  mutual  counsel  and 
to  effect  greater  economies.  Within  the  confines  of  Greater 
New  York  or  immediately  adjoining,  there  is  an  abundance  of 
unoccupied  land  which  is  excellently  adapted  for  community 
settlements  of  the  industrial  classes;  but  for  the  improvement 
of  the  existing  city  tenement  there  is  still  considerable  latitude. 
In  addition,  excellent  work  has  been  done  for  years  by  the  vari- 
ous city  departments  for  the  improvement  of  conditions,  under 
private  management. 


C  190;] 


COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND 
HARBOR  DEFENSE 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  matters  relating 
to  shipping,  piers,  defense  of  shipping  and  piers, 
and  protection  of  the  waterways  in  the 
vicinity  of  New  York  City. 

93) 

Joseph  P.  Grace 
Chairman 

Frank  L.  Crocker 
Vice-Chairman 


executive  committee 

Curtis,  F.  Kingsbury  O'Brien,  Joseph  J. 

Joyce,  Henry  L.  Patchin,  Robert  H. 

Kernochan,  Frederic  Post,  James  H. 

MoRAN,  Eugene  F.  Steers,  Henry 


MEMBERS 


Agar,  John  G. 
Barrett,  Nicholas  J. 
Breed,  William  C. 
Brown,  Lowell  H. 
Brown,  Willard  S. 
Burke,  James  I. 
comstock,  l.  k. 
Dearborn,  George  S. 
DoHERTY,  Leo  V. 
Doty,  Douglas  Z. 
Elson,  Edwin  B. 
Evins,  Samuel  H. 
FiTZSIMMONS,  Wm.  F. 
Flynn,  Thomas  F. 
Fox,  Charles 
goldsborough,  j.  b. 
Hartfield,  William 
James,  H.  B. 
Kunhardt,  Henry  R. 
Lafrentz,  F.  W. 


Lord,  F.  W. 
Mackay,  Malcolm  S. 
MacLean,  Charles  F. 
McCarter,  R.  D. 
Mills,  Henry  P. 
Nicholas,  Grosvenor 
O'Brien,  Thomas  F. 
FIamsay,  Dick  S. 
Riordan,  Daniel  J. 
Schaeffer,  Amos 
Seesselberg,  Henry  A. 
Sterling,  G.  W. 
Strasbourger,  Samuel 
Sullivan,  Francis  J. 
Ullman,  Percival  G.,  Jr. 
Van  Sinderen,  Howard 
Walker,  H.  B. 

Wheeler,  Dr.  Schuyler  Skaats 
White,  J.  G. 
WiLLCox,  William  G. 


COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND 
HARBOR  DEFENSE 

TO  FACILITATE  SHIPPING 

IT  is  claimed  in  some  quarters  that  the  shipping  facilities  of 
the  City  of  New  York  are  not  yet  in  keeping  with  the  magni- 
tude of  the  City's  commerce,  and  that  the  wharfage  and  dock- 
ing advantages  are  relatively  inadequate  and  expensive  for 
those  engaged  in  the  shipping  business. 

A  comparison  with  the  docks  of  Liverpool,  London,  Ham- 
burg, and  of  certain  French  ports  will  illustrate  how  the  facili- 
ties of  New  York  could  still  further  be  improved,  as  regards  the 
necessary  docking  and  mechanical  arrangements  for  handling 
large  masses  of  goods.  This  alleged  lack,  if  not  dealt  with, 
would,  it  is  claimed,  put  a  distinct  differential  against  the  port 
of  New  York.  Competition  for  foreign  trade  will  be  intense 
after  the  war,  and  the  aim  of  this  section  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee is  that  everything  possible  should  be  done  to  facilitate 
shipping  operations. 

So  far  as  concerns  defense,  that  is  a  matter  largely  for  the 
General  Government,  but  one  on  which  the  Federal  authorities 
will  naturally  look  to  the  City  for  some  initiative.  It  is  felt  that 
New  York  is  not  yet  adequately  protected  against  aggressive 
warfare  either  from  the  sea  or  from  the  air,  and  this  matter 
has  been  given  serious  and  extended  consideration. 

The  question  of  the  defense  of  the  port  of  New  York  has  been 
left  to  the  Engineering  Board  of  the  Army,  but  owing  to  the 
enormous  demands  upon  the  Army  and  Navy  at  the  present 
time  it  has  been  impossible  for  these  authorities  to  give  special- 
ized attention  to  this  matter,  in  view  of  the  tremendous  pres- 
sure under  which  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  war  has  been 

1^931 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


waged.  The  Committee  on  Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense  has 
taken  up  the  matter  with  other  bodies  immediately  concerned, 
and  some  progress  has  been  made  for  affording  ample  protec- 
tion in  case  of  attack. 

GUARDING  OUR  WATERWAYS 

One  of  the  first  special  committees  appointed  to  function  under 
the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  was  that  on  Ship- 
ping and  Harbor  Defense.  Its  activities  in  war  work  have 
proved  to  be  of  the  utmost  importance. 

The  arrangement  of  dockage  in  the  City  of  New  York  for 
the  purpose  of  distributing  shipping  facilities  so  that  the  high- 
est efficiency  can  be  obtained  was  one  of  its  purposes.  The 
War,  Navy,  Quartermaster's  and  other  Government  depart- 
ments had  taken  over  many  of  the  docks  when  the  Committee 
was  called  into  being. 

This  Committee,  acting  in  co-operation  with  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Docks,  has  advocated  the  concentration  of  the  docks 
occupied  by  these  Government  departments.  They  thus  could 
be  conveniently  protected  by  the  Government  troops,  leaving 
the  balance  of  the  docks  in  different  units  to  be  protected  by 
the  City  guards  or  police  reserves,  both  as  regards  attack  by 
alien  enemies  and  protection  against  disasters  by  fire. 

Enlargement  of  the  harbor  facilities  in  every  way  possible 
for  the  benefit  of  shipping  in  this  vicinity  has  also  been  advo- 
cated. Various  tours  of  inspection  have  been  made  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Committee  with  the  Commissioner  of  Docks  to  con- 
sider means  for  enlarging  the  docking  facilities  and  harbors. 
A  new  pier  has  recently  been  opened  for  the  City  of  New  York 
at  Jamaica  Bay,  and  others  are  expected  to  be  completed  there 
and  at  other  places  at  an  early  date. 

NEW  STEAMER  BERTHINGS 

One  of  the  principal  activities  engaging  the  attention  of  this 
Committee  is  in  connection  with  making  way  for  large  ocean- 
going steamers,  by  transferring  the  Sound  steamers  occupying 


PROPOSED  EAST  RIVER  PIER  IMPROVEMENTS  AS  ENDORSED  BY 
THE  COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND  HARBOR  DEFENSE 


COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND  HARBOR  DEFENSE 


deep-water  piers  on  the  North  River  to  conveniently  located 
piers  on  the  East  River.  These  coasting  boats,  which  are  not 
deep-draught  vessels,  have  in  the  past  gone  around  the  lower 
portion  of  Manhattan,  proving  a  menace  to  shipping,  and  pass- 
ing the  Navy  Yard,  which  is  thus  exposed  to  the  plain  view 
of  alien  passengers  who  might  be  aboard.  Thence  the  boats 
returned  all  this  way  and  proceeded  up  the  East  River  to  reach 
Long  Island  Sound.  Ample  facilities  exist  for  such  craft  on  the 
East  River.  They  thus  can  shorten  their  trip,  relieve  much  of 
the  congestion  now  on  the  western  water-front  necessary  for 
ocean-going  steamers,  and  transfer  this  traffic  to  the  marginal 
street  on  the  east  side,  which  is  little  used  at  present.  This  pro- 
posal has  proved  to  be  quite  a  task  and  has  met  with  consid- 
erable opposition  because  such  displacement  affects  many  in- 
terests; but  the  Committee,  on  the  ground  of  war  necessity,  is 
aggressively  advocating  it  and  believes  that  the  proposal,  while 
entailing  considerable  hardship,  can  be  carried  out. 

A  CENSUS  OF  SEAMEN 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  census  is  being  considered  of  all  seafaring 
and  river  men  who  are  domiciled  in  the  City  of  New  York; 
their  capacity  for  labor,  class  of  employment,  etc.,  to  be  tabu- 
lated so  as  to  make  them  available  for  emergency  service.  In 
case  of  an  attack  ever  being  made  upon  New  York  City,  it  is 
realized  that  great  chaos  might  exist,  as  the  Navy  Department 
could  not  reasonably  be  expected  to  take  care  of  the  shipping 
in  addition  to  its  other  duties. 

There  is  also  a  great  number  of  men  coming  to  the  City  at 
all  times  who  have  been  employed  on  ships  of  neutral  countries. 
It  has  been  advocated  that  these  men  should  all  be  registered 
both  in  the  public  interest  and  for  their  own  protection.  Many 
men  are  in  the  employ  of  neutrals  that  are  secretly  unfriendly 
to  the  United  States'  cause,  and  the  problem  of  correcting  any 
unfriendly  disposition  on  the  part  of  these  people  is  one  that 
it  is  felt  should  be  given  careful  consideration. 

The  complex  questions  of  employment,  shipping,  trades 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


unions,  sick  benefits,  hospital  dues,  portage  dues,  insurance  and 
the  like  are  problems  to  be  investigated  by  a  sub-committee 
with  suggestions  as  to  the  regulation  of  these  interests.  Some 
laws,  both  State  and  National,  covering  shipping  are  considered 
to  be  out  of  date  and  unsuited  to  war  conditions.  These  mat- 
ters are  being  thoroughly  considered.  It  is  probable  that  this 
Committee  will  co-operate  with  the  Committee  on  Law  in  bring- 
ing about  the  desired  revisions. 

Prior  to  the  functioning  of  this  Committee,  it  was  found  that 
New  York  City,  made  up  of  five  boroughs,  somewhat  separated 
and  disjointed  in  regard  to  the  foregoing  matters,  has  not  been 
actively  united  for  the  purpose  of  concentrating  its  knowl- 
edge and  influence  in  the  direction  of  aiding  or  influencing  mat- 
ters that  would  be  of  interest  to  individual  boroughs.  Plans 
and  tabulations  have  been  made  of  various  interests  which 
might  be  called  into  consultation  to  unite  the  several  boroughs 
in  ways  of  this  kind. 

NEW  DOCK  FRONTAGES 

In  this  connection,  it  is  pointed  out  that  both  the  Government 
and  private  interests,  in  looking  for  suitable  sites,  had  rather 
ignored  the  magnificent  water-front  opportunities  in  Greater 
New  York,  particularly  those  situated  in  the  Borough  of  Bronx 
and  on  Jamaica  Bay.  These  are  available  for  immediate  de- 
velopment. At  Clason  Point,  in  the  Bronx,  there  is  nearly  a 
mile  of  shore  with  deep  water  and  good  high  and  dry  ground 
behind  it,  all  ready  for  ship-building  yards.  The  Hell  Gate 
improvement  assures  a  thirty-five-foot  depth  through  the  East 
River  within  a  year,  but  even  at  the  present  time  vessels  of 
standard  depth  can  be  brought  in  and  out  through  the  Sound. 
This  locality  is  served  by  a  magnificent  one-hundred-foot  boule- 
vard over  which  are  operated  two  trolley  lines,  so  that  work- 
men can  reach  any  plant  from  the  extreme  limits  of  any  part 
of  the  Bronx,  a  territory  comprising  a  population  of  nearly  a 
million  people;  and  passengers  from  the  upper  part  of  Man- 
hattan, Yonkers  and  other  surrounding  towns  can  likewise  be 


COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND  HARBOR  DEFENSE 


carried  for  a  five-cent  fare  in  thirty  minutes.  New  York  pos- 
sesses the  greatest  labor  market  in  the  world,  a  majority  of  the 
industrial  classes  living  in  close  proximity  to  Clason  Point  and 
even  to  Jamaica  Bay,  so  that  the  housing  problem  may  be  con- 
sidered as  being  taken  care  of.  Through  the  instrumentality 
of  this  Committee,  all  of  these  locations  are  being  tabulated  for 
the  information  of  those  interested. 

An  appeal  was  made  to  this  Committee  shortly  after  its  for- 
mation for  greater  housing  facilities  for  coast  guards  who  could 
be  stationed  at  strategic  points  where  they  would  be  available 
in  cases  of  special  emergency.  An  investigation  was  made  and 
recommendations  given  that  have  since  been  complied  with  for 
housing  these  guards  on  the  City  dock  property. 


SUPPRESSING  THIEVERY 

Complaints  were  received  that  the  harbor  was  not  properly 
protected,  and  that  thieving  was  increasing  along  the  water- 
fronts. Meetings  were  held  in  conjunction  with  the  police  and 
detective  officials,  and  it  was  found  that  most  of  the  robberies 
thus  reported  were  not  occurring  from  the  land  side,  but  from 
the  water-front.  Repressive  efforts  were  then  made  through  the 
Commandant  of  the  Navy,  the  Division  of  National  Defense  of 
the  Police  Department,  and  this  problem  has  since  been  met 
in  a  satisfactory  way. 

Complaints  were  received'  that  soldiers  quartered  at  certain 
piers  were  not  supplied  with  adequate  facilities  for  their  needs, 
including  bathing  accommodations.  The  Committee  investi- 
gated this  shortage  and  made  recommendations  to  those  oc- 
cupying the  piers  which  they  were  guarding.  Promises  were  re- 
ceived that  these  recommendations  would  be  complied  with. 


PROTECTION  AGAINST  AIR  ATTACKS 

Some  protection  for  shipping  in  case  of  aerial  attack  has  been 
given  consideration.  It  has  been  thought  unwise  to  leave  im- 
portant ships  at  docks  in  case  of  aerial  attack  or  fire,  the  pre- 

1 197!] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ferred  plan  being  to  remove  the  ships  and  send  them  down  the 
bay,  where  they  could  be  distributed  into  groups.  The  destruc- 
tion of  any  ship  or  group  of  ships  by  this  means  would  not 
affect  the  others  or  communicate  the  fire  to  dock  properties. 

The  co-ordination  of  coaling  facilities  is  one  of  the  vital  prob- 
lems under  consideration.  It  is  estimated  that  with  the  rapid 
building  of  boats  now  undertaken  by  the  Emergency  Fleet  Com- 
mission, there  will  be  thousands  of  new  boats  lying  in  New  York 
Harbor  and  outside  of  it.  These  boats  all  have  to  be  coaled, 
and  convenient  coaling  facilities  with  up-to-date  equipment  will 
have  to  be  provided  for.  Representatives  of  this  Committee 
have  made  inspection  tours  of  the  harbor  for  the  purpose  of 
finding  suitable  locations  for  coaling  stations  which  should  not 
only  be  installed  as  a  war  measure,  but  at  such  convenient 
places  that  they  could  be  utilized  after  the  war  for  the  immense 
commerce  that  will  exist  at  that  time. 

The  protection  of  waterways  is  another  subject  that  has  had 
the  attention  of  the  Committee  as  a  measure  of  adequate  pro- 
tection against  external  attack.  The  protection  of  New  York 
from  the  sea  and  of  its  waterways  from  the  land  are  therefore 
subjects  of  unusual  interest  and  importance  in  New  York  City. 
Arrangements  are  being  made  so  that  this  Committee  can  act 
in  conjunction  with  the  Engineering  Department  of  the  Federal 
Government  and  arrange  some  comprehensive  plan  to  be  worked 
out  to  assure  a  better  resistance  against  possible  invasion.  Con- 
sidering the  many  undertakings  and  strenuous  work  now  before 
the  Engineering  Department  of  the  National  Government,  this 
Committee  feels  that,  with  its  knowledge  of  the  local  situation, 
it  could  readily  take  the  initiative  in  this  matter. 

GUARDING  AGAINST  EXPLOSIVES 

The  Committee  has  been  specially  active  in  its  efforts  to  pro- 
tect the  City  against  possible  damage  through  the  premature 
explosion  of  combustibles  that  are  being  shipped  through  this 
port.  Explosives  and  highly  inflammable  material  have  re- 
peatedly endangered  the  City.   Efforts  are  being  made  by  this 


COMMITTEE  ON  SHIPPING  AND  HARBOR  DEFENSE 


Committee,  acting  in  co-operation  with  the  local  police  and  fire 
departments  and  through  the  Federal  authorities,  to  lessen  these 
grave  perils. 

CENTRALIZING  GOVERNMENTAL  DEMANDS 

Efforts  have  been  made  to  have  Government  demands  made 
through  one  representative  looking  after  all  Government  re- 
quirements. When  the  United  States  entered  the  present  war, 
each  department  that  needed  harbor  facilities  planned  to  re- 
quisition whatever  it  needed  without  regard  to  location  and 
the  demands  of  the  other  departments.  Recommendations  have 
been  made  for  a  concentration  of  these  locations.  In  the  Bor- 
ough of  Brooklyn,  it  was  arranged  that  the  Army  should  have  its 
docks  start  from  Thirty-ninth  street  and  run  south  to  Sixty-fifth 
street,  while  the  Navy  piers  should  extend  from  Thirty-ninth 
street  north  to  Twenty-eighth  street.  This  area  included  the 
Bush  Terminal,  which  had  been  taken  over  by  the  Army.  This 
Committee  also  advocated  as  a  war  necessity  the  building  of 
the  South  Brooklyn  Marginal  Railroad,  which  had  long  been 
proposed  and  which  could  be  admirably  used  in  that  connec- 
tion. 

An  investigation  of  food  supplies  for  shipping  and  the  man- 
ner in  which  they  are  handled  is  under  arrangement.  To  guard 
against  undue  profiteering,  and  in  view  of  the  majority  of  ship- 
ping being  now  used  for  national  purposes,  the  Committee  holds 
that  the  cost  of  this  service  of  ship  chandlery  should  be  brought 
to  a  minimum,  allowing,  of  course,  a  fair  remuneration  for  those 
so  engaged. 

INCREASED  PRECAUTIONARY  MEASURES 

The  problem  of  ice-breaking  in  the  harbor  was  referred  to  this 
Committee  by  the  Committee  on  Transportation  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  on  National  Defense.  As  a  consequence,  assurance 
has  been  received  that  measures  have  been  taken  to  keep  open 
the  water  communications  for  the  transportation  of  coal,  etc., 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 

SO  that  there  will  be  no  repetition  of  the  shortage  experienced 
last  winter. 

One  of  the  features  now  having  the  attention  of  the  Commit- 
tee is  for  increasing  the  fire-fighting  facilities,  particularly  in  the 
marine  sections  of  Staten  Island,  Shooters  Island  and  Newark 
Bay.  The  Committee  has  entered  into  negotiations  with  the 
New  York  City  Fire  Department  and  the  Emergency  Fleet 
Commission  and  it  is  aggressively  working  toward  a  definite 
solution  to  that  end. 

To  facilitate  the  work  of  this  Committee,  not  only  has  the 
Executive  Committee  been  meeting  frequently,  but  four  sub- 
committees have  been  appointed  to  look  after  special  duties,  as 
follows: 

1.  A  Committee  on  Utilization  of  Harbor  Facilities. 

2.  A  Committee  on  Protection  of  Shipping  and  Water-front. 

3.  A  Committee  on  Labor  and  Lighterage. 

4.  A  Committee  on  Co-ordination  of  Federal  and  Municipal 
Authorities. 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRADES  AND 
MANUFACTURES 


This  Committee  has  supervision  of  matters  relating  to  Trades 
and  Manufactures  with  the  object  of  obtaining  information 
regarding  industries,  their  relation  to  war  work,  and 
especially  in  consideration  of  their  economic  de- 
velopment following  the  war. 

R.  A.  COWLES 

Chairman 

C.  MoNTEiTH  Gilpin 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Hurley,  James  F.  Milburn,  A.  W. 

Imhof,  John  C.  Pratt,  Frederic  B. 

Irish,  William  S.  Van  Brunt,  J.  R. 

Merrall,  Walter  H.  Ward,  J.  G. 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Abert,  Benjamin 
Atkinson,  Fred  W. 
Blake,  Michael 
Blanchard,  Isaac  H. 
Block,  Paul 
Chesley,  Arthur  C. 
Clinton,  Francis  Wright 
Deering,  E.  J. 
Demmerle,  Theodore 
Fitzsimmons,  C.  J.  A. 
Flynn,  James  L. 
Frost,  George  F. 
Gaillard,  William  E.  G. 
Cans,  Eugene  P. 
Groen,  H.  a. 
Harth,  Frank  E. 
Heatherton,  James  M. 
Hoppin,  William  W. 
Jacques,  Jr.,  Washington  L. 
Jadwin,  Stanley  P. 
Jones,  Theodore  Inslee 
Keating,  Jerome  B. 
Larger,  B.  A. 
Lindsay,  L.  Seton 


Logan,  Frank  J. 
Loughman,  M.  F. 
Lowes,  Clarence  M. 
Merritt,  Walter  H. 
Metz,  Herman  A. 
Munholland,  John  J. 
Murray,  Thomas  E. 
Myers,  William  J. 
Palmenberg,  Edward 
Quattrocchi,  Antonio 
Reid,  Charles  E. 
Schlesinger,  Leo 
Simon,  Robert  E. 
Snow,  Charles  H. 
Spellman,  Benjamin  F. 
Stern,  Henry 
Stern,  Maximilian 
Taylor,  William  E. 
Unterberg,  Israel 
Vandernoot,  Emanuel 
Williams,  Ichabod  T. 
Wood,  Edwin  O. 
Yeska,  Joseph 


« 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRADES  AND 
MANUFACTURES 


NEW  VIEWS  ON  TRADE 


HE  term  "trades,"  as  here  used,  means  the  avocations  of  in- 


1  dividuals  or  associations  of  individuals  engaged  in  work 
which  is  not  strictly  manufacturing,  and  as  differentiated  from 
labor  unions.  There  are  a  large  number  of  trades  in  which  the 
individuals  are  not  incorporated  into  unions;  for  instance,  small 
butchers,  grocers  and  general  distributers  of  merchandise. 

The  term  "manufactures,"  as  here  used,  applies  to  goods  pro- 
duced for  distribution. 

In  many  of  the  great  European  cities  steps  have  been  taken 
to  segregate  the  trades  and  manufactures  in  different  localities, 
for  the  purpose  of  economy,  for  concentration  of  effort,  and 
to  avoid  detriment  to  property  by  the  incursion  of  trades  and 
manufactures  into  residential  districts.  In  New  York,  no  collec- 
tive attempt  at  segregation  has  thus  far  been  made.  Impor- 
tant questions  relating  to  this  matter  have  arisen  and  will  con- 
tinue to  arise,  and  the  Committee  on  Trades  and  Manufactures 
exists  to  take  up  such  questions  and  to  advise  the  Municipal 
Government  on  any  steps  necessary  to  protect  the  interests  of 
the  people. 


The  Committee  on  Trades  and  Manufactures  has  had  many 
questions  to  consider.  The  importance  of  these  is  emphasized 
by  the  City  being  such  a  large  manufacturing  center.  With  the 
changes  that  war  has  made  in  encouraging  the  manufacture  of 
war  munitions,  equipments,  and  Government  supplies  of  vari- 


DETRIMENTAL  WAR  EFFECTS 


n203  3 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ous  kinds  and  the  discouragement  that  is  given  to  the  manufac- 
turing of  non-essentials,  many  changes  have  taken  place  in 
manufacturing  plants.  One  of  the  first  things  that  this  Commit- 
tee was  called  upon  to  do  was  to  formulate  plans  by  which  it 
could  act  as  a  clearing  house  for  local  manufacturers  who  have 
been  or  may  be  detrimentally  affected  by  war  conditions.  Ways 
and  means  are  being  devised  by  which  the  Mayor's  Committee 
on  National  Defense  can  assist  in  ascertaining  what  can  be  done 
towards  a  greater  utilization  of  the  manufacturing  facilities  of 
Greater  New  York  in  more  essential  and  important  ways. 

Another  problem  which  the  Committee  was  confronted  with 
at  its  first  meeting  of  organization  was  to  investigate  the  ques- 
tion of  the  shifting  of  labor  from  one  plant  to  another,  or  such 
problems  as  are  analogous  thereto. 

TRAFFIC  CONGESTION 

Statistics  show  that  the  population  of  large  cities  in  the  United 
States  doubles  every  eighteen  years.  The  congestion  now  exist- 
ing in  the  streets  and  transportation  facilities  in  New  York 
is  in  a  large  measure  due  to  the  presence  of  manufacturing  in- 
dustries within  the  city  limits.  It  is  felt  that  the  time  is  com- 
ing, and  that  shortly,  when  decided  steps  must  be  taken  to  re- 
strict and  control  manufacturing  operations  on  the  island  of 
Manhattan.  Strenuous  efforts  were  made  some  time  ago  to 
prevail  upon  the  manufacturing  industries  engaged  in  the  cloth- 
ing trade  to  establish  factories  outside  of  Manhattan  but  within 
the  city  limits,  as,  for  instance,  in  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg, 
Astoria  and  other  points  on  Long  Island.  Some  measure  of 
success  has  resulted.  Through  an  educational  campaign  this 
Committee  is  making  efforts  to  induce  manufacturers  to  move 
to  outlying  sections  of  the  City. 

The  City  of  New  York  never  has  made  a  comprehensive 
census  of  the  manufactures  within  its  limits.  The  Government 
census  took  the  matter  up  in  1910  and  has  given  the  statistics. 
A  canvass  and  census  of  the  manufactures  now  in  the  City  is 
being  considered,  not  only  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  further 

n204] 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRADES  AND  MANUFACTURES 


information,  but  to  bring  into  effect  some  comprehensive  plan 
for  grouping  manufactures  at  points  without  the  limits  of  the 
City  proper,  and  also  to  develop  a  general  scheme  of  employ- 
ment. There  are  many  manufacturing  industries  within  the 
City  of  New  York  which  are  active  at  one  part  of  the  year  and 
slow  at  another.  It  is  thought  that  if  the  industries  could  be 
grouped  so  that  employment  could  be  furnished  to  labor  at  all 
seasons  of  the  year  within  certain  zones,  it  would  materially  aid 
the  labor  element  in  determining  the  question  of  location  of 
houses,  so  that  they  should  be  near  the  work  offered  at  all  times 
of  the  year.  This  question  is  important  in  the  interests  of  effi- 
ciency and  economy. 

LABOR  AND  ITS  INTERESTS 

No  comprehensive  scheme  has  been  worked  out  covering  both 
fire  and  life  protection  in  manufacturing  industries.  This  ques- 
tion has  received  very  considerable  attention  in  Europe,  and 
the  majority  of  cities  there  have  stringent  laws  covering  these 
questions,  to  the  great  advantage  of  the  City  and  of  the  work- 
ing element. 

The  complete  disturbance  of  the  ordinary  state  of  trade,  due 
to  war,  and  the  unequal  wages  paid  to  labor,  has  brought  about 
a  congestion  in  certain  industries  and  a  scarcity  of  labor  in 
others.  This  matter  is  being  taken  up  and  considered  with  the 
object  of  equalizing  the  available  labor  and  regulating  the  ques- 
tion of  wages  so  that  the  pay  of  all  shall  be  proportional  to  liv- 
ing costs. 

AIDING  THE  IMMIGRANT 

The  General  Government  has  started  a  propaganda  of  Na- 
tionalism with  the  idea  of  increasing  loyalty.  It  is  pointed  out 
that  workmen  are  not  always  fully  informed  as  to  the  sources 
of  Government  aid.  National,  State  and  City,  which  exist  and 
which  may  be  availed  of  for  their  benefit.  For  instance,  the 
present  war  has  demonstrated  that  there  is  a  large  population 
which  has  lived  in  America  (especially  in  the  cities)  for  long 

n205  3 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


periods  of  time,  but  whicli  never  has  taken  the  necessary  steps 
for  becoming  citizens  of  the  United  States.  It  is  believed  that 
it  would  be  a  good  plan  to  enlarge  the  organization  of  citizen- 
ship bureaus,  which  would  register  all  non-citizens  and  then 
undertake  to  assist  them  in  becoming  citizens.  If  necessary, 
amendments  to  existing  laws  could  be  enacted  for  the  purpose 
of  bending  every  effort,  through  this  Committee,  towards  bring- 
ing this  about. 

The  present  war  has  taught  all  European  nations  the  neces- 
sity for  economy  and  efficiency,  and  many  organizations  have 
been  formed  in  Europe  to  educate  the  workmen.  This  is  not 
only  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  workmen  to  secure  a  better 
wage,  but  to  obtain  a  greater  product  per  unit  of  labor  without 
involving  any  loss  by  labor  of  its  recreation  time.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  may  provide  for  recreation,  teach  the  workmen  how  to 
get  the  best  returns  for  their  labor,  as  well  as  advantages  that 
might  be  gained  in  living  conditions  obtainable  through  their 
surroundings. 

Competition  with  Europe  following  the  war  will  undoubtedly 
be  severe.  If  America  is  to  hold  her  place  in  the  world's  com- 
merce, it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  the  conditions  of  the  labor 
wage,  as  applied  to  trades  and  manufactures,  should  receive 
careful  attention.  The  variations  in  the  conditions  of  labor, 
due  to  environment  and  location,  are  such  that  this  subject  will 
have  to  be  undertaken  by  local  communities. 

CO-ORDINATING  LABOR  INTERESTS 

The  questions  of  workmen's  insurance,  conservation  of  work- 
men's funds  through  savings,  building  funds  and  the  like,  are 
now  governed  by  a  great  many  different  organizations  and  in- 
stitutions; but  there  has  never  been  any  co-operative  scheme  by 
reason  of  which  all  these  forces,  acting  for  the  good  of  labor, 
could  be  co-ordinated  for  the  benefit  of  the  country,  of  labor, 
or  of  the  community  at  large.  The  matter  is  receiving  serious 
consideration  by  this  Committee.  Lectures  with  moving 
pictures,  illustrative  of  the  beneficial  effects  of  sanitary  condi- 

1:206  J 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRADES  AND  MANUFACTURES 


tions,  protective  machinery,  conservation  of  effort,  etc.,  are  be- 
ing planned  for  in  bringing  about  better  conditions  than  now 
exist. 

The  foregoing  are  some  of  the  many  problems  considered  by 
the  Committee  in  connection  with  the  important  duties  which 
devolve  upon  it. 


[207] 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRANSPORTATION 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  all  matters  relating 
to  inter-city  transportation  of  every  character, 
and  all  matters  pertaining  thereto  in 
the  City  of  New  York. 

Nicholas  F.  Brady 
Chairman 

James  H.  Jourdan 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE 

Bannard,  Otto  T. 
Bethell,  Union  N. 
Forbes,  Allen  B. 
HoYT,  Colgate 


O  M  M  I  TT  E  E 

Huff,  S.  W. 
McCall,  Edward  E. 
Outerbridge,  E.  H. 
Shonts,  Theodore  P. 


MEMBERS 


Adams,  Edward  D. 
Bangs,  F.  S. 
Barrett,  W.  E. 
Baylies,  Edmund  L. 
Bedford,  A.  C. 
Bennis,  Joseph  H. 
Berrian,  Charles  A. 
Bickford,  Herbert  J. 
Black,  Loring  M.,  Jr. 
Brackenridge,  J.  C. 
Bradley,  William 
Bruckner,  Henry 
Cady,  C.  W. 
Caldwell,  Burns  D. 
Connolly,  Maurice  E. 
Cooke,  D.  W. 
Cravath,  Paul  D. 
Cutting,  R.  Fulton 
DeSear,  Harry  J. 
Dowling,  Frank  L. 


Downs,  Thomas 
Eckstein,  M.  Maurice 

FiTZPATRICK,  F.  F. 
Flynn,  J.  A. 
GuNN,  J.  N. 
Harkness,  Wm.  H. 
Hirschman,  Stuard 
Kracke,  F.  J.  H. 

LOREE,  L.  F. 
Meade,  Richard  W. 
Merritt,  a.  L. 
Naughton,  John  H. 
O'Neill,  William 
O'Rourke,  John  J. 
Perrine,  George 
Pratt,  John  T. 
Rand,  R.  L. 
Riegelmann,  Edward 
Smith,  A.  H. 
Van  Name,  Calvin  D. 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRANSPORTATION 

KEEPING  TRADE  ROUTES  OPEN 

NEW  YORK  HARBOR  at  times  last  winter  looked  like 
Archangel  or  some  other  ice-bound  port.  Ice-breaking  is 
a  task  not  exactly  in  the  line  of  Father  Knickerbocker;  but  with 
the  imperfect  weapons  at  hand  the  gigantic  clogs  of  ice  in  the 
Hudson  and  elsewhere  were  handled  with  fair  effectiveness. 

With  last  winter  in  mind  as  a  costly  object  lesson,  one  of  the 
active  problems  of  the  Committee  on  Transportation  is  the 
securing  of  ice-breaking  facilities  for  the  harbor,  in  an  effort  to 
keep  water  transportation  moving  right  through  the  winter 
months.  The  troubles  experienced  in  New  York  Harbor  last 
winter,  although  abnormal  in  severity,  should  be  avoided  at  all 
costs ;  and  in  view  of  the  large  percentage  of  shipments  of  men 
and  Government  supplies  being  sent  to  European  countries, 
there  is  perhaps  no  greater  seasonal  war  emergency  work  than 
this  to  be  accomplished  by  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

This  branch  of  the  Committee  is  also  co-operating  with  the 
Merchants  Association  on  the  question  of  the  distribution  of 
mail  matter,  and  a  big  program  is  being  mapped  out  for  fall 
activities. 

URBAN  POPULATIONS  DOUBLING 

Statistics  show  that  the  population  of  the  large  American 
cities  doubles  every  eighteen  years.  Notwithstanding  the  pas- 
senger transportation  that  has  been  provided  within  the  last  few 
years,  it  is  recognized  that  within  five  years  worse  congestion 
will  exist  in  New  York  City,  in  all  probability.  What  is  true  of 
passenger  transportation  is  likewise  true  of  the  transportation 
of  merchandise.  The  experiences  of  the  past  winter  in  the  dis- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


tribution  of  fuel  have  shown  the  necessity  of  giving  serious 
attention  to  this  subject. 

The  peculiar  physical  characteristics  of  New  York— a  city 
long  and  narrow  and  bounded  on  four  sides  by  water — make 
transportation  of  goods  received  by  steamer  extremely  difficult, 
v/hether  the  transfer  is  to  railroads  for  trans-shipment  to  the 
interior,  or  for  delivery  within  the  city  limits.  Various  schemes 
have  been  proposed,  such  as  freight  subways,  for  facilitating 
transportation,  but  owing  to  the  existence  of  the  present  passen- 
ger subways  any  freight  subway  would  have  to  be  so  far  be- 
neath the  ground  as  to  involve  very  considerable  cost  of 
construction  and  operation.  The  necessity  of  lowering  goods 
from  the  surface  to  the  subway  levels  would  seem  to  put  the 
freight  subway  question  entirely  out  of  consideration. 

It  has  been  further  suggested  that  a  marginal  railway  be  in- 
stalled for  a  freight  and  passenger  service  similar  to  that  which 
exists  in  London,  Paris  and  other  European  cities.  It  is  claimed 
that  a  feasible  plan  would  be  for  a  marginal  railway,  preferably 
with  two  sets  of  superposed  tracks,  one  set  having  spurs  carry- 
ing down  each  dock  and  transfer-spurs  extending  across  the 
city  at  definite  intervals.  It  is  believed,  judging  from  the  expe- 
rience of  the  Ringbahn  system  in  Berlin  and  Vienna,  and  the 
new  railways  recently  constructed  along  the  Thames  docks  in 
London,  that  marginal  railways  would  materially  aid  in  the 
transportation  of  both  passengers  and  freight.  A  great  draw- 
back, however,  is  their  unsightliness,  and  hence  it  may  be  neces- 
sary to  find  other  means  for  doing  this  work. 

CHAOS  AMONG  AUTOMOBILES 

Aside  from  the  broad  question  of  transportation  there  are  many 
questions  relating  to  the  transportation  of  passengers  as  far  as 
automobiles  and  passenger  carriers  are  concerned.  The  great 
congestion  which  exists  along  the  avenues  and  other  sections  of 
the  City  is  regarded  as  due  in  a  great  measure  to  increased  trans- 
portation and  the  need  for  its  better  regulation. 

The  major  portion  of  New  York  City  was  built  prior  to  the 

C212;] 


COMMITTEE  ON  TRANSPORTATION 


use  of  heavy  automobiles.  Such  machines  are  increasing  in 
number,  and  likewise  in  the  loads  which  they  carry.  Their 
effect  upon  the  city  pavements,  upon  the  private  residences  and 
other  buildings,  is  a  subject  for  investigation.  Some  of  these 
vehicles  are  run  without  regard  to  speed  regulations;  they  are 
built  without  regard  to  size,  length,  width  and  height;  they  take 
up  an  immense  amount  of  space;  and  some  of  them  are  a  se- 
rious menace  to  life  and  property  and  a  disfigurement  to  the 
City.  It  is  believed  by  some  of  the  members  of  the  Committee 
that  proper  regulations  should  be  made  governing  all  questions 
for  the  operation  of  such  vehicles,  and  that  these  regulations 
should  be  so  drawn  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  State  are  pro- 
tected— and  no  individual  or  company  should  be  permitted  for 
its  own  pecuniary  advantage  to  overlook  such  rights. 

During  the  past  year  the  question  of  coal  distribution  was 
found  to  be  of  great  importance.  It  is  believed  that  the  present 
methods  of  distributing  coal  could  be  improved  considerably. 
It  has  been  suggested  that  all  conveyances  carrying  coal  and 
similar  material  might  be  standardized,  and  rules  made  for 
their  government  and  operation. 

Modern  transportation  involves  the  use  of  carriers  which 
move  through  the  air.  As  this  becomes  more  universal,  landing 
places  must  be  provided.  Practically  nothing  has  been  done 
along  this  line  as  yet,  but  the  matter  is  being  taken  up  and  thor- 
oughly considered  by  this  Committee. 

EXTENSION  OF  MAIL  TUBES 

Pneumatic  tubes  exist  for  the  transportation  of  mail  matter. 
It  is  believed  that  this  system  of  transportation  is  a  good  one 
and  means  should  be  taken  to  keep  it  in  use  and  further  to  de- 
velop it.  Tubes  could  be  used  in  connection  with  the  elevated 
structures  and  possibly  with  the  subways  without  disfigurement 
to  the  City.  Such  tubes  might  be  owned  and  operated  by  the 
City. 

Transportation  of  the  mails  is  a  government  monopoly.  The 
control  of  the  vehicles  used  by  the  Government  is  a  city  prob- 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


lem.  The  mail  wagons,  both  for  heavy  and  light  deliveries,  it 
is  thought,  could  be  improved  upon  as  regards  construction  and 
economy  in  operation.  It  is  believed  that  this  matter  should 
be  taken  up  and  considered. 

There  are  many  other  problems  in  transportation  which  affect 
the  docks  and  which  are  being  considered  in  connection  with 
the  Committee  on  Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  on  National  Defense.  For  instance,  the  habit  of 
transporting  European  mails  across  the  city  in  trucks  is  faulty. 
Further,  there  is  no  reason  why  publishers'  mails  and  other 
heavy  traffic  should  be  transported  through  the  streets  when  the 
City  is  congested.  It  is  held  that  transportation  of  this  char- 
acter should  be  at  night  and  by  vehicles  which  do  not  disturb 
the  public  in  the  highways  and  in  the  buildings. 


1:214: 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


This  Committee  has  cognizance  of  questions  relating  to 
wholesale  interests  of  the  City  of  New  York  and 
aims  at  providing  the  City  with  the  facilities 
needed  for  dealing  with  the  growing  vol- 
ume of  national  and  international 
commerce. 


Alfred  Marling 
Chairman 


Ancell  H.  Ball 
Vice-Chairman 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

Adamson,  Robert  Farley,  Thomas  M. 

Ahern,  Charles  J.  Forbes,  Allan  B. 

Anable,  Courtland  V.  Joyce,  William  B. 

Daniels,  C.  C.  Sloane,  John 


MEMBERS 


Appleton,  R.  Ross 
Arnstein,  Max 
Bainbridce,  Arthur  C. 
Baird,  William  T. 
Barbour,  William-  R. 
Barry,  Charles  D. 
Carmody,  Frank  X. 
Chetwood,  Dr.  Chas.  H 
Davis,  Robert  H. 
DeMott,  Harry  M. 
Desmond,  Thomas  C. 
Elson,  Edwin  B. 
Emery,  J.  H. 
Falk,  Albert 
Ferguson,  James  R. 
Fitzpatrick,  F.  F. 
Gair,  Robert 
Germain,  William  S. 
GiMBEL,  Isaac 
Goldman,  Julian 
Graff,  Leslie 
Green,  Thomas  D. 
Grella,  E.  M. 
Hammitt,  Walter 
Heilbroner,  Louis 

* 


HiGBiE,  Robert  W. 
HiLLARD,  John  C. 
Hirsch,  Nathan 
Holland,  James  P. 
Hubbard,  S.  T. 
Irish,  William  S. 
Jadwin,  Stanley  P. 
Jones,  W.  A. 
JuHRiNG,  John  C. 
Lathrop,  Spencer 
Lorsch,  Arthur 
Luce,  Harry  J. 
Marsh,  Henry  W. 
Mead,  S.  C. 
Miller,  Cyrus  C. 
MiLLiCAN,  Jas.  a. 
Reid,  Charles  E. 
RiCHTER,  Max  C. 
RoGGEN,  Harry 
Rosenthal,  S.  M. 
Samstag,  Henry  F. 
schieffelin,  william  j. 
Steiner,  Henry 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


PLANNING  FOR  READJUSTMENT 

AN  admirable  spirit  of  fairness  and  co-operation  generally 
has  been  shown  by  the  manner  in  which  the  wholesale  in- 
dustries of  New  York  City  have  entered  into  the  requirements 
of  the  War  Industries  Board  in  the  necessary  control  which  was 
exercised  over  these  great  departments  of  trade  by  the  Federal 
Government.  This  Committee  has  endeavored  to  lay  the 
foundations  for  after-war  adjustment  for  further  co-oper- 
ative methods  which  will  give  industry  its  due  reward,  and  at 
the  same  tim.e  best  serve  the  requirements  of  the  nation  at  large. 

Wholesalers  have  become  accustomed  to  the  observation  of 
the  national  requirements  in  carrying  out  the  war  program  by 
the  admirable  curtailment  of  production  in  certain  classes  of 
food  and  merchandise  where  these  were  classed  relatively  as 
non-essentials.  Through  this  Committee  as  a  whole  co-opera- 
tion in  the  best  spirit  is  being  had  with  the  War  Industries 
Board  at  Washington,  and  now  special  attention  will  be  paid 
by  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  restoring  to  their  full  activity  the 
wholesale  industries  on  which  the  prosperity  and  tax-raising 
ability  of  the  Cit}'  so  largely  depend. 

Storehouse  facilities  of  the  greatest  magnitude  are  one  of  the 
requirements  of  Greater  New  York  for  the  future  which  this 
Committee  is  moving  for.  Storage  bases  for  goods  and  greater 
transportation  facilities  are  being  looked  after,  relative  to  their 
permanent  maintenance  in  the  expansion  of  foreign  trade.  The 
requirements  of  South  America,  the  Allied  countries  and  the 
world  at  large  are  being  taken  up  in  a  serious  vein  as  vital  needs 
of  the  Greater  City,  where  an  enormous  concentration  of  trade 
interests,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  must  be  provided  for. 
The  Government  having  taken  over  the  many  terminal  ware- 

[2173 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


houses  for  a  period  of  years,  apparently  has  made  it  necessary 
to  meet  the  need  for  greater  and  better  equipped  storage  places 
for  the  City  of  New  York  as  the  largest  importing  and  distrib- 
uting port  in  the  United  States.  The  prospects  are  that  it  will 
become  in  time  the  greatest  port  in  the  world. 

UNHAMPERING  INDUSTRY 

It  is  realized  that  the  commercial  supremacy  of  the  port  of 
New  York  is  important  both  to  the  City  and  the  country  at 
large,  and  measures  are  being  taken  not  only  to  protect  the 
wholesale  industries  but  to  protect  the  business  of  such  in- 
dustries. It  is  felt  that  the  wholesale  industries  are  hampered 
at  the  present  time  by  limited  dock  and  terminal  facilities,  by 
incomplete  transportation  facilities  throughout  the  City,  and  by 
a  lack  of  certain  banking  and  credit  facilities.  Better  precau- 
tions against  the  outbreak  of  fire  are  also  considered  to  be  nec- 
essary. 

A  CANVASS  OF  CONDITIONS 

A  CAREFUL  canvass  of  conditions  in  the  City  of  New  York 
shows  that  it  is  lacking  in  several  facilities  afforded  by  Euro- 
pean cities  for  the  developing  and  handling  both  of  national 
and  international  commerce.  The  provision  of  easier  means 
of  ingress  and  egress  for  the  gigantic  trade  of  New  York  City 
is  one  of  the  problems  most  vitally  affecting  the  great  interests 
for  which  the  Mayor's  Committee  stands. 

Conformity  with  the  Federal  program  has  meant,  in  many 
instances,  an  absolute  stoppage  of  the  ordinary  and  usually 
profitable  lines  of  business  on  the  part  of  a  given  wholesale  in- 
dustry. The  production  of  war  goods  entailed,  in  many  cases, 
considerable  financial  sacrifice,  and  in  some  cases  even  threat- 
ened financial  ruin;  but  the  response  to  these  severe  demands 
was  almost  without  exception  prompt  and  patriotic  in  its  spirit. 
It  therefore  is  a  special  satisfaction  for  the  Mayor's  Committee 
to  continue  the  policy  of  looking  after  the  interests  which  have 

1:2183 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


been  somewhat  prejudiced  or  jeopardized  by  the  war,  and  the 
effort  of  the  Committee  is  to  foster  the  interests  which  are 
temporarily  dislocated  by  these  exceptional  conditions. 

"MADE  IN  AMERICA" 

Note  has  been  made  of  the  greatly  widened  radius  of  home  pro- 
duction to  supply  home  consumption,  instead  of  depending 
upon  imported  articles.  It  now  remains  for  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee to  do  all  in  its  power  in  favor  of  domestic  industries,  to 
keep  in  America  the  money  which  formerly  went  abroad  in  such 
lavish  quantities.  The  public  is  being  educated  to  the  relative 
quality  of  American  goods  as  compared  with  alien  productions, 
and  the  Committee  circulates  the  knowledge  that  American- 
made  articles  are  usually  the  equal,  and  oftentimes  the  superior, 
of  those  which  have  come  from  other  countries  in  the  past. 
"Made  in  America"  is  a  badge  of  commercial  honor  which  this 
Committee  is  popularizing. 

The  stimulation  of  American  manufacturers,  wholesalers,  re- 
tailers, and  the  public  generally  to  go  hand  in  hand  for  the 
production  and  absorption  of  products  here,  is  a  definite  part 
of  the  program  of  the  Committee.  Through  the  Committee  on 
Retail  Industries  the  efi^ort  is  being  made  to  increase  both  the 
character  of  products  and  the  appreciation  in  which  the  Ameri- 
can people  will  hold  the  output  of  its  own  factories,  which  often- 
times is  produced  through  the  application  of  the  trained  labor 
coming  from  other  countries.  An  increase  in  the  immigration 
of  skilled  artificers  for  the  building  up  of  a  diversity  of  indus- 
tries, arts  and  sciences  is  also  a  subject  which  is  being  alertly 
watched. 

The  Committee  on  Wholesale  Industries  co-operates  with 
other  departments  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  including  the 
special  sections  on  Trades  and  Manufactures,  Retail  Industries, 
Labor,  Domestic  Supplies,  Transportation,  Commerce,  Ship- 
ping and  Harbor  Defense,  Risks  and  Insurance,  Taxation, 
Organization  and  Suggestion;  and,  in  fact,  with  almiost  every 
one  of  the  multitudinous  activities  of  the  organization  which 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


operates  at  the  Hall  of  Records  in  the  endeavor  to  bring  in- 
creased revenues  to  the  Government  and  a  larger  prosperity  to 
the  people  of  America  as  a  permanent  contribution  to  the  na- 
tional assets. 

PASSING  THE  PROFITS 

NEW  YORK  has  been  hit,  and  hit  hard,  by  the  war.  Some 
people  have  made  a  profit,  but  the  most  of  them  have 
passed  a  considerable  part  of  their  gains  on  to  the  general  ser- 
vice by  means  of  Liberty  Loans  or  outright  charities  to  the 
many  organizations  which  have  made  their  appeals  for  help. 
On  the  other  hand,  a  far  greater  number  of  people  have  seen 
their  business  overset  and  their  prospects  of  adequate  profit 
gone,  for  the  present  at  least,  and  their  personal  interests  and 
ordinary  ways  of  life  put  into  absolute  chaos. 

Nevertheless  it  is  the  proud  record  of  New  York  City  that 
the  community  never  has  flinched  from  whatever  call  was  made 
upon  it,  however  heavy  that  burden  might  be,  as  compared  with 
those  borne  by  the  remainder  of  the  country.  Out  of  the  six 
billions  of  dollars  called  for  in  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  not 
less  than  one  billion  eight  hundred  millions  of  dollars  was  al- 
lotted to  the  Federal  District  of  which  New  York  City  makes 
the  major  part. 

In  addition  to  its  own  burdens,  New  York  City  is  being  called 
upon  to  shoulder  unexampled  responsibilities  in  the  way  of 
providing  hospitality  and  entertainment  for  the  million  or 
more  soldiers  and  sailors  who  pass  through  this  port  to  the 
fields  of  war.  Never  before  has  there  been  such  a  demand, 
and  never  before  have  the  freemen  of  any  city  arisen  so  well 
to  the  occasion. 

This  is  the  tribute  which  has  been  given  to  New  York  City 
repeatedly,  and  which  has  been  carried  to  the  grave  by  many 
of  the  sons  of  America,  who  have  taken  away  with  them  a 
precious  memory  of  kindness,  just  as  others  will  bear  with  thern 
through  life  the  same  recollections  of  what  hospitality  in 
Gotham  really  means. 

1220^ 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


In  these  activities  the  wholesale  industries  of  New  York  City 
are  bearing  their  due  and  worthy  part.  Realizing  the  generosity 
of  spirit  and  of  occasion  which  has  been  shown  without  meas- 
ure by  this  element  of  the  community,  the  Mayor's  Committee 
has  endeavored  throughout  the  trying  months  and  years  of  the 
war  to  render  every  aid  that  is  possible,  to  the  end  that  perma- 
nent damage  should  not  be  suffered  through  the  preoccupations 
brought  about  by  the  war  and  its  manifold  activities. 

EASING  THE  STRAIN 

Following  out  this  endeavor,  the  Committee  is  now  planning 
for  a  complete  recovery  of  the  ordinary  activities  of  these  in- 
dustries following  upon  the  close  of  the  war,  and  for  the  great 
expansion  to  which  they  are  so  richly  entitled.  The  hearty 
spirit  of  co-operation  which  has  been  shown  for  the  winning  of 
the  war  has  been  recognized  from  the  start  by  the  Committee, 
and  assistance  is  being  rendered  in  many  instances  to  help  com- 
mercial concerns  to  meet  the  strain  which  has  been  put  upon 
them.  Representations  have  been  made  that  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment should  come  to  the  assistance. of  the  merchant  to  a  reason- 
able extent  to  help  him  out  of  his  oftentimes  pressing  difficulties, 
and  to  the  end  that  he  should  have  every  encouragement  to  re- 
sume his  normal  activities  when  the  war  is  over.  The  conver- 
sion of  peace-time  business  to  war-time  work  was  made  rapidly 
and  cheerfully;  and  the  concern  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is 
that  war-time  handicaps  shall  be  removed  in  favor  of  peace- 
time advantages  as  soon  as  hostilities  cease.  That  the  enormous 
financial  sacrifices  of  private  interests  made  for  the  winning  of 
the  war  should  be  turned  into  constructive  ways  of  peace  and 
renewed  prosperity  is  the  end  towards  which  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee is  looking  forward. 

An  admirable  spirit  of  fairness  and  co-operation  generally  was 
shown  by  the  manner  in  which  the  wholesale  industries  of  New 
York  City  entered  into  the  requirements  of  the  War  Industries 
Board  in  the  necessary  control  which  is  exercised  over  these 
great  departments  of  trade  by  the  Federal  Government.  This 

[221  -2 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Committee  is  endeavoring  to  lay  the  foundations  for  after-war 
readjustment,  for  further  co-operative  methods  which  will  give 
industry  its  due  reward,  and  at  the  same  time  best  serve  the 
requirements  of  the  nation  at  large. 

Wholesalers  have  become  accustomed  to  the  observation  of 
the  national  requirements  in  carrying  out  the  war  program  by 
the  curtailment  of  certain  classes  of  food  and  merchandise 
where  these  are  classed  as  relatively  non-essentials.  Through 
this  Committee  as  a  whole,  co-operation  in  the  best  spirit  is 
had  with  the  War  Industries  Board  at  Washington,  and  now 
special  plans  are  being  made  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  for 
restoring  to  their  full  activity  the  wholesale  industries  on  which 
the  prosperity  and  the  tax-raising  ability  of  the  City  so  largely 
depend. 

Storehouse  facilities  of  the  greatest  magnitude  are  one  of 
the  requirements  of  Greater  New  York  for  the  future  which 
this  Committee  is  moving  for.  Storage  bases  for  goods  and 
greater  transportation  facilities  are  being  looked  after,  relative 
to  their  permanent  maintenance  in  the  expansion  of  foreign 
trade.  The  requirements  of  South  America,  the  Allied  coun- 
tries, and  the  world  at  large  are  being  taken  up  seriously  as 
vital  needs  of  the  Greater  City,  where  an  enormous  concentra- 
tion of  trade  interests,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  must  be  pro- 
vided for. 

PROTECTING  INDUSTRY 

The  Government,  having  taken  over  some  of  the  largest  ware- 
houses for  a  period  of  years,  has  made  it  necessary,  apparently, 
to  meet  the  need  for  greater  and  better  equipped  storage  places 
for  the  City  of  New  York  as  the  largest  importing  and  distribu- 
ting port  in  the  United  States,  with  prospects  that  it  will  become 
in  time  the  greatest  port  in  the  world.  It  is  realized  that  the 
commercial  supremacy  of  the  port  of  New  York  is  important 
not  only  to  the  City  but  to  the  country  at  large,  and  measures 
are  being  taken  not  only  to  protect  the  wholesale  industries, 
but  to  protect  the  business  of  such  industries.    It  is  felt  that 

1:222  J 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


the  wholesale  industries  are  hampered  at  the  present  time  by 
limited  dock  and  terminal  facilities,  improper  transportation 
facilities  throughout  the  City,  lack  of  really  adequate  fire  pro- 
tection, and  a  lack  of  certain  banking  and  credit  facilities. 

A  careful  canvass  of  conditions  in  the  City  of  New  York 
shows  that  it  is  lacking  in  several  facilities  afforded  by  Euro- 
pean cities  for  the  developing  and  handling  both  of  national  and 
international  commerce.  The  provision  of  easier  means  of  in- 
gress and  egress  for  the  gigantic  trade  of  New  York  City  is  one 
of  the  problems  most  vitally  affecting  the  great  interests  for 
which  the  Mayor's  Committee  stands. 


TAX  EXEMPTIONS 

In  connection  with  the  matter  of  taxation  it  is  obvious  that  in 
the  way  of  tax  exemption  for  the  encouragement  of  industrial 
development,  a  great  city  like  New  York  cannot  possibly  com- 
pete with  the  small  and  enterprising  cities  of  the  South  and 
West.  Such  communities  oftentimes  are  able  to  present  per- 
fectly legitimate  proposals  embodying  attractive  features  for 
the  attraction  of  new  industries  in  their  midst.  Against  such 
competition.  New  York  in  its  greatness  would  seem  to  flounder 
helplessly;  but  in  the  matter  of  after-war  reconstruction,  the 
encouragement  of  new  industries  is,  nevertheless,  a  matter  to 
which  the  Mayor's  Committee  has  given  expert  consideration. 

New  York  City  presents  many  features  of  great  attractive- 
ness for  the  location  of  new  industries  or  the  expansion  of  exist- 
ing ones.  It,  of  course,  is  obvious  that  the  enterprising  secre- 
tary of  a  commercial  organization  in  New  York  City  cannot 
advertise  cheap  water-power  or  exemption  from  taxation,  or 
spend  his  time  in  the  endeavor  to  pass  laws  exempting  manu- 
facturing plants  from  taxation,  as  is  oftentimes  the  case  in 
smaller  communities.  The  New  York  secretary,  however,  can 
with  profit  point  out  to  the  manufacturer  that  rather  than 
worry  about  the  taxation  question,  he  should  see  just  what  sort 
of  service  a  community  affords  in  return  for  the  tax  money. 

[223:1 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


NEW  YORK'S  ADVANTAGES 

It  has  been  noted  that  in  many  places  of  low  taxation  there 
are  inadequate  recreation  or  housing  facilities,  and  that  the 
resulting  discontent  on  the  part  of  the  employees  may  more  than 
offset  the  extra  tax  cost  in  a  city  like  New  York,  where  recrea- 
tional facilities  are  plentiful  and  cheap.  With  this  view,  com- 
mercial organizations  of  many  cities  are  to-day  encouraging  the 
factory  to  pay  its  full  taxes.  If  it  is  in  need  of  assistance,  the 
commercial  organizations  of  the  place  will  investigate  its  busi- 
ness prospects  and,  if  the  concern  is  worthy,  will  assist  it 
financially  or  in  other  ways.  By  this  means  the  community 
income  is  not  reduced,  and  new  industries  come  into  a  closer 
and  better  contact  with  the  local  interests  which  are  assisting  it. 

A  number  of  States  have  legislation  permitting  municipalities 
to  exempt  industries  from  taxation.  In  certain  instances  this 
applies  only  to  new  industries,  which  places  a  burden  of  unfair- 
ness on  concerns  already  established.  The  evil  tendency  of  this 
differentiation  has  been  shown  in  some  of  the  States  by  the 
practice  of  factories  moving  from  place  to  place,  instead  of  re- 
maining in  the  class  of  established  industries. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania  has  probably  the  best  provision 
for  the  encouragement  of  legitimate  industries,  there  being 
no  tax  on  machinery  in  some  of  the  larger  cities.  This  holds 
true  also  in  the  smaller  cities,  excepting  for  the  heavier  kinds  of 
machinery,  which  are  taxed  in  the  class  of  real  estate.  The 
Pennsylvania  State  exemption  applies  to  old  as  well  as  to  new 
industries,  and  appears  to  be  quite  satisfactory  in  its  operation. 

METHODS  OF  ENCOURAGEMENT 

Baltimore  has  for  many  years  granted  exemption  to  industrial 
concerns  locating  in  that  city,  and  by  virtue  of  an  old  State 
law  this  and  one  other  county  were  allowed  to  grant  such  ex- 
emptions. Many  industries  obtain  advantages  through  the 
encouragement  thus  given  by  the  local  commercial  organiza- 

n2243 


COMMITTEE  ON  WHOLESALE  INDUSTRIES 


tions,  and  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland  this 
privilege  has  been  extended  so  that  now  all  the  cities  of  the 
State  are  permitted  to  exercise  local  autonomy  along  these  lines. 
An  ordinance  passed  by  the  City  of  Baltimore  provides  that 
"tools,  machinery,  manufacturing  implements  and  engines,  and 
corporations,  firms  and  individuals  actually  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing within  the  City  of  Baltimore,  shall  be  exempt  from 
taxation."  A  number  of  other  Southern  States  have  followed 
the  lead  of  Maryland,  and  have  passed  acts  to  encourage  the 
establishment  of  new  industries,  such  as  cotton-ginning  mills, 
etc. 


FINANCES 


IT  is  not  intended  that  this  volume  shall  include  a  formal 
report  regarding  the  financial  operations  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee. That  feature  of  the  work  will  likely  be  treated  in  an- 
other manner;  but  meanwhile  a  special  word  of  appreciation 
should  be  given  to  Mr.  Louis  G.  Kaufman,  Treasurer  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense,  and  the  able  Assist- 
ant Treasurer,  Mr.  Norborne  P.  Catling. 

The  complexity  of  the  Treasurer's  task  in  taking  care  of  the 
various  accounts,  due  to  the  extensive  activities  of  the  Com- 
mittee, will  at  once  impress  all  who  are  familiar  with  large  pub- 
lic undertakings.  The  finances  are  patriotically  underwritten 
by  the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee.  Many  members 
of  the  General  Committee  have  also  contributed  lesser  amounts, 
and  in  certain  instances  the  City  has  reimbursed  the  Committee 
for  the  moneys  spent  on  defensive  measures. 

The  remarkable  feature  in  connection  with  the  operations  of 
the  Committee  is  the  relatively  small  budget  on  which  the  wide 
activities  are  being  carried  through.  The  policy  of  the  Com- 
mittee is  that  each  great  endeavor  should  be  largely  self-sup- 
porting; as,  for  instance,  the  Independence  Day  Pageant 
Parade  of  1918,  where  the  great  cost  of  the  elaborate  floats  and 
tableaux  was  borne  by  the  patriotic  national  groups  partici- 
pating. Thus  the  cost  to  the  Mayor's  Committee  was  repre- 
sented by  the  expenditure  of  but  a  few  hundreds  of  dollars. 

The  actuating  principle  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  under  its 
present  administration  has  been  small  expenditure  and  large 
results. 


DEPARTMENTAL  ACTIVITIES 


DRAFT  INFORMATION  BUREAU 


VOLUNTARY  WAR  AID 


HE  Draft  Information  Bureau  was  created  and  highly  or- 


1  ganized  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 
for  the  purpose,  primarily,  of  giving  information  regarding  the 
Selective  Service  Law.  It  ended  by  rendering  assistance  of  a 
greatly  varied  nature  to  the  registrants  and  all  concerned,  in- 
cluding the  interpretation  of  the  law  in  its  manifold  aspects. 

Close  co-operation  was  had  with  the  Local  Draft  Boards. 
The  Committee  assisted  in  filling  up  the  personnel  of  many  of 
these  boards;  it  advised  registrants  regarding  their  status  in 
the  draft;  it  assisted  people  who  could  not  understand  the 
English  language  in  filling  out  their  questionnaires;  it  explained 
the  requirements  in  supplying  volunteer  workers  for  the  Draft 
Boards,  and,  through  the  Committee  on  Law,  straightened  out 
many  a  legal  tangle. 

It  furnished  information  to  registrants  and  citizens  alike, 
concerning  the  personnel  of  the  various  Boards,  and  supplied 
stenographic  and  other  volunteer  help  to  the  Local  Draft  Boards 
through  its  Volunteer  Service  Bureau. 

Inasmuch  as  the  Committee  was  so  well  organized  for  draft 
information  work,  it  was  but  natural  that  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office  of  the  State  of  New  York  should  desire  close  co- 
operation, in  order  that  their  office  might  avail  themselves  of 
the  machinery  and  invaluable  records  that  had  been  accumu- 
lated by  the  Committee  through  its  intensive  preparatory  work 
— which,  in  reality,  was  quasi-Govemment  work.  The  Mayor's 
Committee,  therefore,  placed  at  the  disposal  of  this  branch  of  the 
public  service  large  and  commodious  quarters  in  the  Hall  of 
Records,  which  enabled  the  Draft  Information  Bureau  and  the 
Adjutant-General's  office  to  co-operate  in  the  best  and  most 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


practical  manner.  The  Committee  went  further,  however,  in 
showing  its  spirit  of  helpfulness  by  financing  this  department  of 
the  Adjutant-General's  office  until  the  first  day  of  July,  1918. 
The  Committee  also  continued  to  provide  space  and  other  fa- 
cilities without  any  cost  whatever  to  that  Department. 

INVALUABLE  AID 

The  Draft  Information  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  was 
thus  used  extensively  by  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  and  it 
became  a  necessary  and  inseparable  part  of  their  work.  As 
the  work  of  the  Committee  continued  to  increase  through  its 
various  Bureaus  dealing  with  the  many  important  and  complex 
matters  continually  arising,  it  was  felt  that  the  Draft  Informa- 
tion Bureau  could  with  advantage  be  turned  over  in  its  entirety 
to  the  Adjutant-General's  office.  By  so  doing,  all  draft  work 
could  be  concentrated  under  one  head.  This  also  possibly 
would  make,  it  was  felt,  for  a  better  service  to  the  people  of  the 
City  as  a  whole. 

The  entire  machinery,  therefore,  of  the  Draft  Information 
Bureau,  together  with  all  the  records,  files,  documents,  etc.,  of 
the  Bureau,  were  voluntarily  transferred  by  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee to  the  State  Adjutant-General's  office  in  the  Hall  of  Rec- 
ords, whose  quarters  were  already  provided  by  the  Committee. 
The  invaluable  work  created  by  the  Mayor's  Committee 
through  its  Draft  Information  Bureau  was  thereafter  con- 
ducted from  that  office. 

DEALING  WITH  FIFTY  THOUSAND  MEN 

Through  its  Transportation  Bureau  the  Mayor's  Committee 
placed  a  fleet  of  motor  cars  at  the  command  of  the  Local  Draft 
Director  and  his  assistants;  and  by  this  means,  as  well  as  by 
other  ways,  every  co-operation  was  accorded  in  order  that  the 
residents  of  this  City  should  have  the  fullest  measures  of  help- 
fulness at  hand  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  Draft. 

As  a  result  of  these  multiplex  activities,  not  less  than  fifty 
thousand  men  have  been  dealt  with  by  this  department  alone 

11230] 


DRAFT  INFORMATION  BUREAU 


of  the  Mayor's  Committee  since  April  i,  1918.  Great  as  this 
number  is — practically  seven  thousand  per  month — it  is  but 
one  factor  among  the  large  operations  of  this  Bureau. 

When  the  need  arose,  the  Mayor's  Committee  came  forward 
promptly  to  deal  with  an  unexampled  state  of  affairs.  When 
the  crisis  was  past,  the  Committee  quietly  stepped  aside  in  favor 
of  the  regularly  erected  official  machinery,  which  was  equipped 
to  carry  out  its  appointed  functions. 


EMPLOYMENT  BUREAU 


A  GREAT  CLEARING  HOUSE 


T  the  office  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  and  through  the  mail 


thousands  of  inquiries  have  been  made  by  individuals  seek- 
ing information  where  their  services  could  best  be  utilized  in  fur- 
thering the  war  and  other  activities.  The  practice  in  dealing 
with  these  cases  has  been  to  refer  them  to  a  responsible  author- 
ized agency  under  the  jurisdiction  of  a  city,  State,  or  the  United 
States.    This  procedure  proved  only  partially  satisfactory. 

Advantage  was  taken  of  the  fact  that  members  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  control  a  considerable  proportion  of  the 
commercial  and  professional  activities  of  Greater  New  York. 
A  glance  at  the  roster  of  membership  given  in  the  latter  part 
of  this  volume  will  indicate  many  recognized  leaders  who  are 
generously  giving  of  their  time  and  strength  to  this  phase  of 
national  defense. 

Therefore,  when  the  Employment  Bureau  was  established  by 
the  Mayor's  Committee  it  was  but  natural  that  the  wide  and 
influential  membership  of  the  Committee  should  be  the  first  to 
respond  to  the  call  for  the  mobilization  of  labor  by  their  ofi^ers 
of  employment.  No  worthy  applicant  for  work  has  applied  in 
vain  to  the  Mayor's  Committee.  Frequently  there  are  several 
posts  open  to  an  applicant. 

There  are  many  excellent  organizations  and  bureaus  dealing 
with  the  various  phases  of  employment,  but  until  the  entry  of 
the  Mayor's  Committee  into  this  field  there  was  no  real  co-ordi- 
nation of  effort.  A  central  clearing  house  was  badly  needed. 
The  Committee  filled  the  need.  The  notable  success  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  in  the  matters  of  recruiting,  transporta- 
tion and  other  war  activities  caused  an  increasing  number  of 
people  to  apply  for  information  and  assistance.    In  numerous 


EMPLOYMENT  BUREAU 


instances  men  who  applied  for  military  service  through  the 
Recruiting  Bureau  of  the  Committee  had  been  rejected  for 
physical  disability;  but  by  means  of  the  Employment  Bureau 
it  was  oftentimes  found  possible  to  give  such  men  useful  em- 
ployment in  quasi-war  work,  and  this  was  promptly  accom- 
plished through  this  Department. 

"WORK  OR  FIGHT" 

By  reason  of  this  valuable  service,  the  Mayor's  Committee  was 
approached  by  the  United  States  Government  to  help  in  placing 
workers  under  the  "Work  or  Fight"  order,  issued  by  the  Prov- 
ost-Marshal-General. As  a  result  of  conferences  held  with  Gov- 
ernment representatives,  many  activities  of  a  varied  nature  were 
entered  upon  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  connection  with 
this  important  work. 

A  letter  sent  to  the  members  of  the  Committee  included  the 
following  suggestions: 

We  have  been  appointed  a  branch  of  the  United  States  Employ- 
ment Service  and  will  help  adjust  labor  conditions.  Under  the 
"Fight  or  Work"  order  of  General  Crowder  all  men  of  draft  age  not 
called  must  seek,  and  secure,  if  possible,  essential  jobs. 

Under  the  Anti-Loafing  Law  of  our  State  all  men  between  the  ages 
of  eighteen  and  fifty  must  secure  positions,  but  not  necessarily  essen- 
tial jobs.  We  are  working  directly  with  Justice  Frederic  Kernochan, 
who  is  sending  all  those  who  come  under  the  Anti-Loafing  Law  to  our 
office. 

One  of  the  chief  problems,  and  perhaps  the  greatest  that  confronts 
the  nation,  is  the  utilization  of  the  entire  man-power  of  the  country. 
We  hope  that  you  will  get  in  touch  with  the  large  employers  of  labor 
and  suggest  that  they  communicate  directly  with  our  Bureau  if  they 
have  positions  open.  We  have  more  applicants  than  jobs. 

The  Court  of  Special  Sessions  also  recognizes  the  useful 
purpose  served  by  the  Mayor's  Committee,  and  sends  offenders 
against  the  State  Anti-Loafmg  law  directly  to  the  Committee 
in  charge  of  a  probation  officer.  This  Employment  Bureau  is 
the  only  agency  regularly  handling  these  court  cases.  By 
means  of  special  facilities  possessed  by  the  Employment  De- 
partment, the  workless  man  and  the  manless  work  are  promptly 
brought  together. 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


A  card  index  system  is  kept  of  each  workman,  and  his  case 
is  followed  up  until  a  satisfactory  position  is  obtained.  The 
Committee  forwards  most  effectively  the  work  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  turn  the  floating  liability  of  unemployed  labor  into  a 
definite  national  asset. 

Three  representatives  of  the  Federal  Employment  Service 
were  detailed  to  the  Bureau,  and  an  expert  classification  has 
been  made.  All  the  great  employers  of  labor  in  New  York  City 
have  been  circularized,  and  nearly  everyone  who  employs 
more  than  two  hundred  people  has  been  reached.  The  result 
of  this  circularization  was  a  crowd  of  responses  from  thousands 
of  employers  who  were  anxious  to  have  help.  Many  letters 
were  received  from  other  States,  and  in  numerous  cases  offers 
were  made  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  men  sent  by  this  Bureau. 

Requests  for  labor  are  received  from  the  great  war  industries, 
such  as  the  shipyards,  munition  factories,  etc.,  and  the  Bureau 
helps  to  place  the  men  satisfactorily.  The  present  Bureau  is 
taking  care  approximately  of  four  hundred  people  a  day,  over 
eighty-five  per  cent,  of  whom  are  definitely  placed.  In  two  days 
recently,  this  Bureau  dealt  with  between  five  thousand  and  six 
thousand  applicants  of  a  single  class. 


PLACING  "FLOATERS" 

The  189  local  draft  boards  throughout  the  City  send  to  the 
Bureau  the  men  who  come  under  the  rule  of  the  "Work  or 
Fight"  order.  The  chief  difficulty  in  securing  positions  comes 
from  the  fact  that  about  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  applicants 
represent  unskilled  floating  labor.  It  is  easy  enough  for  the 
Bureau  to  provide  positions  for  men  who  are  skilled  in  some 
particular  line,  but  quite  the  contrary  for  men  who  are  masters 
of  no  craft.  It  is  hoped  that  these  conditions  will  be  remedied 
by  the  new  regulations  afl'ecting  this  class  of  labor  as  promul- 
gated by  the  Federal  Government,  whereby  any  employer  seek- 
ing labor  must  do  so  through  an  authorized  United  States 
agency. 

C234] 


EMPLOYMENT  BUREAU 


LIMITED  SERVICE  MEN 

The  Mayor's  Committee  was  the  first  to  take  up  with  the  War 
Department  the  important  matter  of  providing  limited  service 
men  for  war  work.  It  was  early  discovered  that  many  men 
were  not  accepted  by  the  draft,  and  so,  being  placed  in  the 
limited  service  class,  an  important  question  immediately  arose. 
The  matter  was  so  developed  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  that 
through  its  eflForts  openings  were  made  for  useful  service  for 
those  who  were  unable  to  stand  the  rigors  of  actual  warfare. 
Men  rejected  by  the  draft  were  also  placed  in  useful  vocations. 

By  reason  of  the  success  attending  the  efforts  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  assist  the  United 
States  Employment  Bureau;  and  specially  valuable  service  was 
rendered  to  shipyards  and  munition  plants.  A  large  percentage 
of  this  kind  of  labor  within  a  considerable  radius  about  New 
York  City  was  supplied  directly  by  the  Mayor's  Committee. 
In  a  large  majority  of  cases  the  services  rendered  by  the  Com- 
mittee represented  the  full  hundred  per  cent,  of  applicants. 

The  work  of  the  Bureau  in  general  is  developing  to  very  im- 
portant proportions,  and  the  outlook  is  that  this  Department 
may  hereafter  deal  with  as  many  as  a  thousand  applicants  a 
day. 


1:2353 


INFORMATION  BUREAU 

A  MULTITUDE  OF  QUESTIONS 

QUESTIONS  without  number  and  of  every  variety  seem 
 naturally  to  gravitate  to  the  Mayor's  Committee. 

The  Director-General  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  with  his 
staff  of  expert  assistants,  almost  never,  it  may  truly  be  said, 
disappoints  an  inquirer.  "General  information"  is  of  so  in- 
tangible a  nature  that  it  is  difficult  to  embody  it  in  a  report. 
But  perhaps  it  may  suffice  to  say  that  day  by  day  there  pours  in 
by  mail,  by  telegram,  by  telephone  and  by  personal  calls  such  a 
variety  and  breadth  of  inquiry  as  is  handled  probably  by  no 
other  organization  of  similar  nature. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  is  the  recog- 
nized unit  in  New  York  City  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense 
at  Washington.  The  wide  ramifications  alone  of  such  a  great 
aggregation  of  national  interests  would  quite  suffice  to  keep 
the  average  office  adequately  employed;  but  in  addition  to  the 
steady  demand  made  from  such  sources  there  are  the  regular 
inquiries  having  to  do  with  the  Army  and  Navy;  war  trade; 
allotments  to  soldiers  and  sailors;  insurance  arrangements  for 
those  in  the  Services;  appeals  for  help  to  find  men  who  are  miss- 
ing on  the  battle-fronts  or  whose  whereabouts  are  unknown  in 
the  cantonments  at  home  or  abroad;  the  desire  for  information 
concerning  the  bona-fides  of  organizations  appealing  to  the  pub- 
lic for  funds  or  other  support;  the  requests  for  endorsement  for 
war  benefits,  bazaars,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 


HUMAN  DOCUMENTS 

All  of  these  and  as  many  others  come  with  the  force  of  natural 
gravitation  to  the  offices  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  an  un- 

1:2363 


INFORMATION  BUREAU 


ceasing  stream  day  by  day;  and  also  night  by  night  to  those 
of  the  staff  who  oftentimes  work  until  midnight  and  beyond  in 
the  effort  to  deal  with  the  appeals  which  reach  the  Committee. 
The  human  documents  which  come  and  go  through  the  great 
bronze  doors  of  the  Hall  of  Records  are  testimony  to  the  hu- 
manitarian accomplishments  of  the  group  of  earnest  men  and 
women  who  are  making  sacrifices  to  do  their  part  in  the  great 
catastrophe  of  war. 

Additional  thousands  of  persons,  moved  by  patriotic  im- 
pulses, are  desirous  of  engaging  in  some  useful  form  of  war 
work;  and  these  come  to  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  increasing 
numbers  to  learn  what  branch  of  service  they  may  best  be  fitted 
for.  In  carrying  on  this  work,  the  Information  Bureau  is  in  touch 
with  the  manifold  phases  of  war  activity  now  in  operation 
throughout  Greater  New  York,  and  there  usually  is  little  diffi- 
culty in  assigning  an  applicant  to  the  branch  of  work  for  which 
he  or  she  seems  best  to  be  fitted. 

Useful  assistance  is  continually  rendered  by  the  regular  staff 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  assisting  soldiers  and  sailors  who 
are  strangers  in  New  York  in  locating  the  clubs  and  homes 
where  they  not  alone  will  be  most  comfortable  but  where  they 
will  have  the  opportunity  of  meeting  men  from  their  own  States. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  receives  a  multitude  of  inquiries 
continually  concerning  the  various  functions  of  the  different 
war  bureaus  of  the  Government  affecting  the  industrial  life  of 
New  York  City,  and  many  other  queries  which  frequently 
arise  regarding  Federal  matters  and  which  otherwise  would  have 
to  be  referred  to  Washington.  The  wide  activities  of  the  Draft 
Bureaus  cause  queries  continually  to  arise,  and  the  intimate 
touch  which  this  department  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  keeps 
with  enlistment  matters  makes  possible  a  satisfactory  reply  to 
such  inquiries. 

New  York  being  the  metropolis  of  the  country,  many  cities 
throughout  the  U.  S.  A.  also  apply  for  many  kinds  of  informa- 
tion which  is  obtainable  only  from  New  York  or  Washington. 

Quasi-war  work  is  a  form  of  service  in  which  a  multitude  of 
people  have  a  desire  to  take  part.  Men  and  women  beyond  the 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


age  limit  are  continually  soliciting  the  Mayor's  Committee  for 
information  and  advice  for  their  increased  usefulness.  The 
Committee  in  turn  takes  cognizance  of  the  various  applications 
and  is  almost  invariably  successful  in  fitting  these  applications 
to  the  most  effective  form  of  individual  war  service. 


INDUSTRIAL  REHABILITATION 

One  of  the  most  useful  features  in  any  department  of  the 
work  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  is  dealt  with  in  this  Bureau — 
the  industrial  rehabilitation  of  men  back  from  foreign  service. 
A  representative  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  has  recently  re- 
turned from  Europe,  where  an  extended  study  was  made  in 
several  countries  of  the  practical  means  for  placing  a  means  of 
livelihood  within  the  power  of  soldiers  and  sailors  who  have  suf- 
fered loss  of  limbs,  eyesight,  and  otherwise  are  partially  inca- 
pacitated. A  member  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  has  placed  his 
magnificent  residence  and  grounds  in  London  at  the  disposal 
of  a  British  Committee  formed  to  teach  useful  occupations  to 
blinded  soldiers  and  sailors;  and  similar  activities  are  being 
planned  for  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  America.  Basketry, 
weaving,  carving,  carpentry,  poultry  keeping  and  bee  raising 
are  but  a  few  of  the  many  occupations  which  are  being  definitely 
planned  for  the  men  who  have  sacrificed  so  much  on  the  battle- 
fronts  or  at  sea;  and  the  service  which  the  Mayor's  Committee 
is  endeavoring  to  render  is  that  which  is  compatible  with  the 
work  done  by  these  men  in  the  service  of  their  country  and  of 
its  Allies. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  is  not  made  up  of  professional  soci- 
ologists. For  the  most  part  they  have  had  no  previous  training 
in  community  service.  They  are  simply  practical  people,  used 
to  dealing  with  the  sore  problems  of  humanity  by  effective  but 
sympathetic  means.  Having  traveled  widely,  and  being  in 
touch  with  the  practical  questions  which  the  war  has  aroused 
to  such  a  remarkable  degree,  the  members  of  the  staff  generally 
are  able  to  approach  a  matter  from  no  preconceived  position 

[238] 


INFORMATION  BUREAU 


and  with  no  taint  of  that  professionalism  which  sometimes 
characterizes  eleemosynary  movements. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  is  the  servant  of  the  people  of 
Greater  New  York,  and  its  services  are  freely  commanded  by 
those  who  are  perplexed  or  discouraged  from  the  world's  rough 
hand.  This  spirit  of  practical  aid  which  is  shown  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee  has  been  followed  in  many  distant  quarters 
with  great  advantage  in  coping  with  war  problems.  The  quiet 
influence  which  is  thus  shown  has  had  a  most  salutary  effect  in 
encouraging  the  worthy  and  warning  the  unworthy. 


BUREAU  OF  INVESTIGATION  AND 
INTELLIGENCE 

THIS  Bureau  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  undertaking 
such  confidential  investigations  as  might  be  demanded  by 
war  conditions,  and  also  to  facilitate  the  work  of  the  various 
sub-committees  of  the  general  committee. 

The  Bureau  has  been  conducted  with  a  clerical  staff  and 
about  fifteen  hundred  voluntary  workers.    In  making  its  in- 
vestigations, the  Bureau  has  co-operated  with 
U.  S.  Attorney-General 
U.  S.  Attorney  for  the  District  of  New  York 
Army  Investigating  Bureau 
Naval  Investigating  Bureau 
Alien  Property  Custodian 
U.  S.  War  Defense  Board 
U.  S.  Shipping  Board  and  other  U.  S.  Agencies 
League  for  Women's  Service 
Charity  Organization  Society 
American  Red  Cross 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
Knights  of  Columbus 
and  various  other  organizations  engaged  in  war  work.    It  has 
conducted  investigations  regarding  the  war  activities  of  aliens 
and  has  been  eminently  successful  in  repressing  their  activities, 
not  only  as  regards  the  dissemination  of  propaganda,  but  in 
preventing  disorganizing  influences  in  factories,  prevention  of 
sabotage,  etc.   It  has  made  many  investigations  regarding  alien 
ownership  of  industries,  factory  properties,  and  the  like;  it  has 
investigated  the  alleged  slackers,  deserters  and  violators  of  the 
zoning  laws;  it  has  investigated  all  questions  of  profiteering, 
violation  of  the  various  government  restrictive  laws  regarding 
food,  fuel,  building  materials,  and  the  like;  it  has  made  many 
investigations  for  the  sub-committees  regarding  fire  risks  and 

C2403 


BUREAU  OF  INVESTIGATION  AND  INTELLIGENCE 


insurance,  shipping,  river  and  harbor  questions,  labor,  building 
construction,  feeding  and  housing  the  poor,  canteen  activities, 
and  all  other  work  having  to  do  with  the  granting  of  aid  and 
assistance  to  the  army  and  navy  forces;  it  has  made  many  in- 
vestigations regarding  questions  involving  the  drafts  and  the 
improper  use  of  uniforms;  it  has  also  conducted  extensive  in- 
vestigations as  to  associations,  corporations  and  individuals 
collecting  money  for  alleged  charitable  and  war  purposes,  re- 
construction, and  in  fact  all  war  work. 

GUARDING  AGAINST  DISCRIMINATION 

The  investigation  work  has  had  a  very  extensive  scope;  so 
much  so,  that  it  is  difficult  to  give  in  detail  the  direction  which 
the  work  has  taken  and  explain  all  its  ramifications. 

The  work  of  the  investigators  of  the  Bureau  has  been  of  the 
highest  character  and  has  resulted  in  obtaining  most  important 
irformation,  and  the  Bureau  is  glad  to  state  that  notwithstand- 
ing the  delicacy  of  many  of  its  investigations,  no  complaint 
has  ever  been  made  by  any  one  charging  unfairness  or  dis- 
crimination. 

The  Bureau  particularly  prides  itself  upon  the  results  which 
have  been  obtained  and  the  way  they  have  been  obtained.  The 
work  involves  very  great  difficulty,  as  it  was  necessary,  before 
undertaking  any  work,  to  make  a  very  careful  examination  of 
all  its  workers,  in  order  to  eliminate  the  attempts  of  various 
disloyal  persons  (aliens  and  others)  to  obtain  information  and 
connection  with  the  Bureau  to  forward  private  ends. 

The  Bureau,  in  the  future,  will  not  only  continue  its  efforts 
along  the  lines  above  indicated,  but  expects,  during  the  read- 
justment period,  to  investigate  all  questions  involving  re- 
construction, commercial  and  personal.  New  fields  for  its  en- 
deavors are  constantly  presented,  which  it  expects  to  cover. 

The  Bureau  takes  pleasure  in  stating  that  it  has  received 
cordial  co-operation  from  all  the  various  governmental,  state 
and  city  bureaus  and  departments,  including  the  Police  De- 
partment, with  which  it  has  been  associated. 


PUBLICITY  BUREAU 

The  conception  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  establishing  this 
Bureau  was  that  a  means  might  be  found  by  which  the  Federal 
authorities  at  Washington  could  communicate  requests  made 
of  the  Mayor's  Committee  from  that  and  other  sources,  so  that 
these  might  be  made  known  promptly  to  the  millions  of  people 
of  New  York  City  and  State.  It  has  been  the  endeavor  to  use 
this  Bureau  as  a  means  for  so  translating  the  Federal  require- 
ments that  the  general  program  could  be  brought  more  inti- 
mately to  the  multitude. 

This  Bureau  has  been  maintained  in  the  first  place  for  the 
purpose  of  bringing  home  to  the  people  the  important  activities 
of  the  various  sub-committees  and  administrative  bureaus 
under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee.  This  practi- 
cally amounted  to  a  daily  report  to  the  people  of  New  York 
City  of  the  work  that  was  constantly  being  done  on  behalf  of 
the  defense  program  of  the  Government  and  of  the  City,  for 
which  purpose  the  Mayor's  Committee  primarily  organized  the 
Publicity  Bureau. 

In  the  second  place,  it  has  served  as  a  medium  of  expression 
virtually  for  the  thousands  of  requests  and  desires  of  the  vari- 
ous governmental  branches,  and  also  organizations  of  all  kinds 
and  sizes  which  desired  the  Committee's  assistance  to  gain  the 
desired  requests  in  the  quickest  possible  time.  Thus,  this  sec- 
tion, as  other  sections  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  acted  in 
effect  as  a  real  Government  bureau,  and  it  served  practically 
every  leading  patriotic  organization  as  well  as  numerous 
smaller  ones  seeking  the  aid  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  as  the 
recognized  New  York  City  unit  of  the  several  Government  de- 
partments at  Washington. 

This  aid  was  rendered  promptly  and  willingly  in  every  case. 


PUBLICITY  BUREAU 


The  service  was  given  with  special  satisfaction  when  the  appli- 
cant for  assistance  happened  to  be  a  worthy  organization  with 
but  few  resources,  and  also  perhaps  lacking  the  official  status 
necessary  for  it  to  obtain  the  requisite  recognition. 

TO  PREVENT  OVERLAPPING 

The  Mayor's  Committee  has  in  other  directions  effectively 
served  to  prevent  overlapping,  and  has  acted  as  a  great  clearing 
house  for  a  host  of  activities  which  crowded  every  department 
during  the  course  of  the  war. 

Scrupulous  care  was  taken  that  no  publicity  should  be  issued 
from  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  the  newspapers  unless  the 
Committee  was  well  assured  of  the  status  of  the  individual 
applicant  or  organization,  and  particular  attention  was  given 
that  in  no  case  should  any  advantage  be  taken  of  any  newspa- 
per which  was  granting  the  hospitality  of  its  columns  to  the 
Committee. 

An  example  of  the  speed  with  which  it  is  necessary  to  work 
was  shown  in  the  sudden  call  made  by  the  Mayor's  Committee 
to  the  more  than  100,000  participants  in  the  Independence 
Day  Pageant-Parade  of  19 18.  The  newspapers  were  the  only 
possible  medium  through  which  to  reach  the  many  racial  groups 
taking  part  in  the  effort  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  weld 
into  a  marching  force  a  vast,  unmobilized  body  of  people  with 
little  or  no  military  training. 

To  notify  these  widely  scattered  groups  of  the  rules  laid 
down  by  the  Committee,  the  place  and  time  of  assembly  of 
their  units,  etc.,  an  appeal  through  the  newspapers  of  all 
languages  was  the  only  possible  recourse.  As  related  elsewhere 
in  this  volume,  the  result  was  all  that  could  be  desired. 

Other  notable  examples  of  the  effectiveness  of  a  wisely  oper- 
ated Publicity  Bureau,  having  the  confidence  of  the  news- 
papers, were  shown  in  the  generous  space  given  in  connection 
with  the  efforts  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  the  various  drives 
for  filling  up  the  quotas  of  enlistment;  the  prompt  despatch  of 
the  27th  Division  for  Spartanburg,  and  the  New  York  visit  of 

n243  3 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


the  77th  Division  from  Yaphank  on  Washington's  Birthday, 
1 9 18.  Through  the  columns  of  the  New  York  newspapers  the 
needs  of  the  Army  and  Navy  are  sent  broadcast  in  various 
languages,  and  the  long  lines  of  recruits  at  the  Committee's 
headquarters  in  the  Hall  of  Records  testify  to  the  effective  speed 
of  this  method  of  communication. 

THOUSANDS  OF  RESPONSES 

The  value  of  the  Publicity  Bureau  was  again  demonstrated  in 
a  call  made  for  volunteer  workers  for  the  important  Intelligence 
Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee,  and  also  by  another  notice 
circulated  by  the  Publicity  Bureau  for  women  helpers  in  a  Gov- 
ernment department.  This  brought  between  five  and  six  thou- 
sand applicants  to  the  offices  of  the  Mayor's  Committee.  At 
all  times  this  Bureau  ably  assists  all  arms  of  the  Federal  service 
requiring  help. 

The  efforts  of  the  Committee's  Employment  Bureau  were 
successfully  presented  by  the  Publicity  Bureau,  as  was  the  work 
of  the  Bureau  in  helping  to  enforce  the  "Fight  or  Work"  order. 
The  activities  of  the  sub-committees  under  the  direction  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  have  been  popularized  in  many  instances 
by  the  work  of  this  Bureau.  For  example,  the  report  of  the 
Sub-Committee  on  Risks  and  Insurance,  which  might  ordinarily 
be  considered  as  dry  reading,  was  carried  in  a  large  number  of 
newspapers,  while  editorial  comment  was  made  in  several  pa- 
pers on  the  value  of  such  a  committee  in  time  of  war. 

This  Department  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  has  grown  to 
be  a  veritable  funnel  for  the  dissemination  of  information  and 
appeals  of  every  kind.  This  service  was  rendered  by  every 
member  of  the  extensive  personnel  of  the  Mayor's  Committee 
for  the  alleviation  of  suffering  and  the  increasing  of  human 
comfort  and  welfare  in  every  case  brought  to  its  attention. 

UPHOLDING  JOURNALISTIC  TRADITIONS 

Acknowledgment  is  hereby  made  of  the  generous  and  courte- 
ous treatment  which  was  accorded  to  the  manifold  demands  of 


PUBLICITY  BUREAU 


tocontmbdildingI 

Work  .In  p,A 

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Directors  of  Mayor's  National  De- 
lence  Commtt^ee  Calls  lor  In-  I 
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for  Three  Day  Umit  on  Returns  =^ 


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jveramtnl's  CoiuervatioD  Program.  Will  Include       '  "  °" 
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of  Special* 


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Mayor's  Commfttee  on  National 
Pefense  Annget  Cetebra- 
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APPLY  TO  NAVY, 

-  — • — 

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SPECIMEN  HEADINGS  FROM  AMONG  THE  THOUSANDS  OF 
NEWSPAPER  ARTICLES  PUBLISHED  ON  THE  WORK 
OF  THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE 


12451 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


the  Mayor's  Committee  on  the  part  of  the  press,  which  was 
already  greatly  overburdened  with  war  news.  The  metropoli- 
tan press,  as  well  as  many  publications  much  further  afield, 
granted  space  day  after  day  to  the  announcements  of  the  Com- 
mittee without  direct  or  indirect  advantage  other  than  the  uni- 
versal desire,  so  admirably  expressed,  to  serve  the  country  in  its 
time  of  need  by  every  means  possible.  When  the  record  of  these 
activities  is  written,  a  great  amount  of  credit  will  be  awarded 
to  the  press  by  the  Mayor's  Committee,  as  by  the  nation  at 
large,  for  the  faithful  fulfilment  of  the  best  traditions  of 
journalism  in  dealing  with  the  demands  made  day  after  day  and 
night  after  night  upon  the  managing  editors. 

Herewith  are  reproduced  in  facsimile  a  few  specimen  extracts 
from  among  the  thousands  of  press  articles  which  have  appeared 
on  the  work  of  the  Mayor's  Committee.  In  some  instances  full 
pages  have  been  given  in  the  metropolitan  press,  despite  the 
great  pressure  upon  space  through  the  news  demands  incidental 
to  the  war. 


1:246] 


RECRUITING  BUREAU 


Affixed  upon  the  front  of  the  Hall  of  Records,  facing  City  Hall 
Park,  is  a  large  sign  reading : 

The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 
Army — Navy — M  ari  n  e 
Recruiting  Station 

The  Mayor's  Committee  was,  for  a  considerable  time,  the 
only  place  in  America  where,  as  indicated  by  the  above  legend, 
an  applicant  could  enlist  for  any  of  the  major  branches  of  war 
service.  The  example  thus  set  has  since  been  adopted  in  other 
cities,  to  the  great  economy  and  increasing  usefulness  of  the 
general  Federal  service. 

Previous  to  this  unification  of  war  activities,  there  were  nu- 
merous recruiting  bureaus  throughout  Greater  New  York, 
operating  for  distinct  and  varied  purposes.  The  patient — or 
impatient — applicant  was  compelled  to  travel  long  distances 
and  expend  time,  money  and  energy  to  obtain  the  information 
which  he  now  receives  at  the  Hall  of  Records  as  the  result  of  a 
single  visit.  One  young  college  man  reported  that  he  had  gone 
to  nineteen  different  recruiting  offices,  and  had  practically  given 
up  in  despair  of  ever  joining  the  armed  service  of  his  country  by 
reason  of  a  physical  disability.  Coming  to  this  Bureau,  his  case 
was  quickly  adjusted,  and  he  entered  upon  his  desired  work  at 
once. 

Within  this  building  there  are  the  recruiting  departments  of 
the  Third  Naval  District  and  of  the  Military  Department  of 
the  East,  operating  from  Governor's  Island.  Liaison  officers 
are  assigned  to  the  Mayor's  Committee,  both  by  the  Army  and 
Navy  Departments,  and  hundreds  of  applicants  have  been  dealt 
with  daily,  on  the  average. 

1:247] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


AN  ACTIVE  PROPAGANDA 

The  activities  of  the  Recruiting  Bureau  are  not  confined  to  the 
extensive  offices  given  over  exclusively  for  this  purpose.  An 
active  propaganda  is  carried  on  with  the  general  public  to  rein- 
force the  efforts  of  local  recruiting  offices,  which  oftentimes  are 
handicapped  in  the  matter  of  placing  posters,  securing  trans- 
portation, providing  music  for  parades,  arranging  patriotic 
speaking  rallies,  street  meetings,  publicity,  etc. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  has  carried  through  successfully 
many  important  meetings  at  Madison  Square  Garden,  the  Met- 
ropolitan Opera  House,  Cooper  Union,  Carnegie  Hall  and  the 
various  armories.  Multitudes  of  street  meetings  have  also  been 
arranged  for,  at  which  music  and  speakers  were  provided  by  the 
Committee,  as  well  as  motor  transportation  for  those  taking 
part.  Thousands  of  effective  posters  have  been  issued  by  this 
Department,  and  placed  throughout  the  Greater  City.  Co- 
operation has  been  had  from  members  of  the  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee on  Arts  and  Decoration  and  other  organizations  to  make 
these  posters  attractive  and  effective.  More  than  a  hundred 
thousand  leaflets,  giving  varied  and  detailed  information  re- 
garding all  branches  of  the  service,  number  of  men  handled, 
etc.,  have  been  distributed. 

Through  the  Transportation  Bureau  thousands  of  dollars' 
worth  of  free  automobile,  truck  and  bus  service  has  been  secured 
by  the  Mayor's  Committee,  not  only  to  help  on  special  recruit- 
ing drives  for  the  different  branches  of  the  service,  but  also  to 
transport  the  recruits  when  they  were  leaving  for  camp  or  ship. 

THE  "PIVOT"  MAN 

A  YOUNG  applicant  that  comes  to  the  office  to-day  first  signs  a 
card  giving  the  necessary  information  concerning  himself  and 
stating  what  branch  of  the  service  he  desires  to  enter.  He  is 
then  passed  on  to  what  might  be  called  a  "pivot"  man,  who  is 
in  a  position  to  give  facts  covering  the  needs  of  recruiting  in  all 

1:2483 


RECRUITING  BUREAU 


branches  of  the  service.  After  interviewing  the  applicant,  he 
is  then  sent  by  the  pivot  man  to  the  regular  representative  of 
one  of  the  armed  branches  of  the  service.  It  is  safe  to  state 
that  since  this  plan  was  perfected  and  put  into  action,  the  cases 
have  been  very  rare  where  a  man  has  not  obtained  the  fullest 
information  and  been  properly  advised  as  to  the  exact  branch 
that  he  not  only  is  fitted  for,  but  the  one  that  he  has  the  best 
chance  of  joining.  The  following  form  represents  the  informa- 
tion an  applicant  is  asked  to  give: 


^  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 

?  RECRUITING  COMMITTEE 

g_  HALL  OF  RECORDS,  CHAMBERS  ST.,  NEWIYQRK 

p   -   1918 

I  intend  joining  tiie  United  States  Forces.  Please  consider  my  quali- 
fications. 

My  age  is.  yrs  mos.       My  experience  has  been  as  follows: 

LINE  OF  BUSINESS  YEARS  NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  EMPLOYER 


ORDER  No  )  NAME  

>  IN  DRAFT 

CLASS    No   >  ADDRESS.. 

CITIZE.SSHIP   CITY..  


SPECIAL  DRAFT  QUOTAS 

The  pivot  man  is  in  possession  of  essentials  generally  and 
is  in  direct  communication  daily  with  the  various  recruit- 
ing offices  and  with  the  authorities  at  Washington,  the 
Marines,  the  Merchant  Marine,  the  Army,  State  Guard,  Quar- 
termaster Corps,  the  British  and  other  Missions.  The 
Adjutant-General's  office  occasionally  details  a  special  rep- 
resentative to  this  office  to  secure  special  quotas  of  men  in  the 
draft  who  are  classified  as  limited  military  service  men.  The 
records  show  that  since  February  i,  1918,  when  the  new  plan 
went  into  effect,  more  than  85,000  men  have  applied  at  this  office 
to  join  the  forces  of  the  Government,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


not  more  than  a  thousand  have  failed  to  enter  the  service.  The 
mail  that  is  received  daily  comes  from  every  State  in  the  Union. 
The  bulk  of  the  letters  are,  or  course,  from  New  York  City,  but 
letters  asking  assistance  have  come  from  many  parts  of  the 
United  States,  Alaska,  Canada,  Bermuda  and  Cuba.  The 
Bureau  not  only  gives  information  about  recruiting,  but  con- 
cerning passports,  naturalization  papers,  the  relation  of  our 
Government  to  other  Governments  so  far  as  the  draft  is  con- 
cerned, etc.  It  is  in  close  touch  also  with  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office,  which  has  rooms  adjoining  the  recruiting  office,  as 
well  as  with  the  branch  of  the  Red  Cross  service  that  deals 
especially  with  soldiers'  allotments. 


"WORK  OR  FIGHT"  ORDERS 

It  is  also  adjoined  on  the  opposite  side  by  a  branch  of  the  Fed- 
eral Reserve  Employment  Bureau,  and  has  direct  relations  with 
that  bureau;  also  with  the  Adjutant-General's  office  in  charge 
of  the  draft  in  regard  to  the  "Work  or  Fight"  order  recently 
issued  by  the  Provost-Marshal-General,  and  the  State  Anti-loaf- 
ing  Law.  The  poster  work,  distribution  of  pamphlets,  and  the 
other  matters  previously  mentioned  are  still  going  on.  All 
kinds  of  questions  concerning  the  war  naturally  arise  in  this 
office.  The  members  of  the  Draft  Boards  when  in  doubt  about 
a  given  matter  freely  consult  this  Bureau.  An  example  of  a 
special  drive  for  recruiting  is  given  by  the  following  circular: 

The  Quartermaster  Corps  of  the  Army  is  in  need  of  the  following 
class  of  men: 

Stenographers  Horseshoers 
Typists  Butchers 
Ex-Ffremen  Laundry-men 
Chauffeurs  Refrigerator  plant  men 

Auto  Mechanics 

If  you  have  had  experience  in  one  of  these  lines  and  are  ready  to 
go  into  active  service  within  two  weeks,  apply  to  Room  615,  Hall  of 
Records,  New  York  City. 

Men  in  Class  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  Class  i-A  limited,  or  special  service, 
if  qualified,  are  acceptable. 


RECRUITING  BUREAU 


This  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  then  places  the 
proper  publicity  and  from  five  hundred  to  eight  hundred  appli- 
cants will  appear  the  next  morning.  A  call  may  suddenly  come 
from  the  U.  S.  Adjutant-General's  office  for  men  with  certain 
qualifications  for  staff  work.  When  the  representative  of  that 
office  appears,  he  will  be  greeted  by  from  three  hundred  to  one 
thousand  men ;  and  he  always  is  satisfied  because  he  has  secured 
the  full  quota  of  men  that  the  Adjutant-General's  office  desires. 

One  of  the  psychological  matters  of  interest  in  this  Bureau 
comes  about  whenever  the  Allies  have  been  in  action  and  at- 
tained some  striking  success,  or  otherwise,  on  the  battle-field. 
Recruiting  immediately  is  stimulated  to  a  greater  extent.  For 
instance,  when  the  Germans  started  their  great  drives,  begin- 
ning March  21st,  recruiting  immediately  took  on  great  activity. 

The  New  York  Police  Department  has  assigned  to  the 
Mayor's  Committee  a  special  police  detail  to  assist  in  the 
proper  handling  of  the  large  numbers  of  applicants  who  answer 
special  calls  for  service  as  issued  from  time  to  time. 


CORRECTING  MISCONCEPTIONS 

The  Merchant  Marine  recently  sent  a  representative  to  this 
Bureau  and  within  four  weeks'  time  he  had  secured  so  many 
men  for  that  service  that  they  had  to  limit  him  to  definite  num- 
bers per  day.  All  kinds  of  illusions  must  be  overcome.  For 
example,  there  seemed  to  be  a  general  opinion  that  men  wanted 
for  the  Merchant  Marine  were  of  the  rougher  class,  or  those 
who  had  little  education,  or  were  useless  for  skilled  industrial 
work.  This  misconception  was  corrected.  It  can  readily  be 
understood  that  a  bureau  of  this  kind  has  the  most  difficult  prop- 
osition to  face  of  any  recruiting  office  in  the  country.  For  in- 
stance, men  come  in  lacking  the  physical  qualifications  for  any 
branch  of  the  service — a  man  with  a  wooden  leg,  with  poor 
eyesight,  or  with  one  eye  gone;  honorably  discharged  soldiers, 
who  wish  to  get  back  into  the  service;  men  who  are  slackers; 
men  who  have  recently  returned  from  some  foreign  trip  and 

[:25a 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


know  nothing  about  the  draft  laws  or  about  the  particulars  for 
service,  or  which  service  to  enter;  foreigners  with  their  first  pa- 
pers; etc. 


The  U.  S.  Adjutant-General's  office  has  made  the  statement 
that  this  is  the  only  bureau  of  its  kind  in  America,  and  has  ex- 
pressed the  opinion  that  it  might  be  advisable  to  establish 
similar  bureaus  in  all  the  large  cities  of  the  country.  The  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy  highly  commended  the  work  of  the  Bureau. 
There  has  been  no  real  recruiting  drive  in  the  City  of  New 
York  that  did  not  have  back  of  it  the  help  and,  in  many  cases, 
the  initiative  of  this  Bureau  for  its  success.  It  can  also  be  safely 
stated  that  there  is  not  a  head  of  recruiting  in  the  City  who  has 
not  commended  the  work  that  has  been  done  by  this  Bureau. 

There  are  hundreds  of  different  kinds  of  service  that  a  person 
properly  qualified  can  join.  The  Army,  the  Navy  and  the  Ma- 
rines are  the  three  great  branches,  but  these  have  numerous 
branches  both  for  line  and  staffs  work.  The  sudden  calls  for  cer- 
tain quotas,  with  the  continuous  calls  for  recruiting  in  the  ma- 
jor services,  amply  justify  the  sustenance  of  such  an  up-to-date 
bureau  of  information.  Even  the  Federal  Government  receives 
some  guidance,  as  it  does  not  know  just  what  needs  it  will  have 
until  suddenly  a  new  call  is  made  and  the  recruiting  officers 
are  required  to  fill  them  through  this  Bureau. 

Following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  special  branches  of  the  major 
services  which  have  been  served  by  this  Department  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee: 

Armored  cars  Blacksmiths 
Artillery,  coast  Boys,  deck 


NEED  FOR  SIMILAR  BUREAUS 


field 
heavy 
light 


Carpenters 
Cavalry 


mess 


Auto-mechanics 


Chauflfeurs 
Clerks 


Aviation 

Bakers 

Bandsmen 


Coal  passers 
Cobblers 


RECRUITING  BUREAU 


companies 
Engineer  corps 
Firemen 

Gas  and  flame  service 
Gas  engine  experts 
Horse-shearers 
Infantry 
Laundrvmen 
Machinists 
jMedical  department 
Merchant  marine 
Messmen,  engineers' 


Cooks,  chief 
"  2d 
"  3d 


Electricians 

Embarkation  guard  and  fire 


sailors'  and  firemen's 


Oilers 

Ordnance  corps 

Quartermaster's  corps 

Radio  operators 

Remount  depots 

Repair  shops 

Salesmen  for  small  stores 

Seamen,  able 

Sewing  machine  operators 

Signal  corps 

Stenographers 

Supply  companies 

Tanks 

Telephone  linemen 
Typists 

Veterinary  corps 

Water  tenders 

Welders  and  coppersmiths 


The  foregoing  list  represents  but  a  portion  of  the  numerous 
classifications  for  which  men  have  been  supplied  from  the  Re- 
cruiting Bureau  as  one  of  the  busiest  divisions  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee. 

Added  activities  were  inaugurated  with  the  Naval  Depart- 
ment by  the  installation  of  very  large  offices  for  the  Third 
Naval  District.  Closer  co-operation  with  the  requirements  of 
the  Navy  were  thus  had  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  at  the  Hall 
of  Records;  and  approximately  100,000  men  were  thus  put  into 
this  and  the  related  branches  of  the  service  at  a  time  when  they 
were  most  badly  needed. 


1:253: 


RED  CROSS  AND  CIVIC  AID  BUREAU 

THIS  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  was  established 
early  in  the  war  in  order  to  render  efficient  relief  to  the 
families  and  friends  of  all  persons  in  the  service  of  their 
country,  and  in  order  to  expedite  the  securing  of  such  relief  by 
arrangement  with  the  American  Red  Cross.  A  special  bureau 
was  installed  at  the  Hall  of  Records,  in  charge  of  experienced 
Red  Cross  workers,  to  make  effective  this  form  of  benefit  in 
connection  with  the  work  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  Na- 
tional Defense. 

The  attempt  was  made  to  respond  to  the  thousands  of  requests 
which  were  coming  in  for  relief  and  various  forms  of  help;  for 
the  securing  of  information  for  the  men  in  service  to  meet  their 
every  need;  for  the  more  intimate  means  of  relationship  and 
communication  between  those  at  the  front  and  their  home 
people;  and,  in  fact,  to  meet  every  requirement  which  arose 
through  the  gigantic  necessities  of  war.  In  the  performance  of 
its  duties,  this  Bureau  has  been  singularly  successful,  and,  as 
was  perhaps  natural,  the  Home  Service  Section  soon  proved  to 
be  the  chief  responsibility  of  this  Department. 

The  Home  Service  program,  as  initiated  and  carried  through, 
represents  that  phase  of  the  work  which  is  concerned  with  the 
welfare  of  the  families  of  men  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the 
country  and  also  of  families  resident  in  this  country  of  men 
enlisted  in  the  service  of  our  Allies.  The  scope  of  this  work 
was  of  the  widest  nature  and  extended  to  families  of  men  in 
all  branches  of  the  service,  and  also  to  the  families  of  those  who 
have  been  wounded  or  killed  as  a  direct  result  of  war  activities. 

Its  object  is  to  sustain  in  the  most  effective  way  the  morale 
of  the  men  in  the  service  by  helping  to  maintain  through 
friendly  counsel  and  neighborly  assistance  the  welfare  of  their 

C254II 


RED  CROSS  AND  CIVIC  AID  BUREAU 


families  at  home.  Thus  a  man  is  assured  that  his  dependents 
enjoy  good  health  and  are  kept,  so  far  as  is  possible,  in  good 
spirits  and  are  enjoying  their  normal  standards  of  life.  The 
aim  ultimately  is  to  help  those  who  are  befriended  by  this  form 
of  home  service  to  be  both  self-reliant  and  self-dependent.  The 
service  rendered  is  essentially  not  one  of  relief  in  the  sense  of 
money  payments  or  allowances  of  food  and  clothing,  although 
financial  help  is  always  ready  when  really  required.  It  is 
rather  the  duty  and  privilege  of  this  section  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  work  to  represent  the  intensive  interest  and  desire 
of  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  do  for  the  families  of 
soldiers  and  sailors  all  those  individualized  friendly  services 
which  the  Government  necessarily  cannot  attempt  to  do.  A 
notable  feature  in  this  program  is  the  after-care  of  crippled 
soldiers  and  sailors  returning  to  this  country.  This  feature  in- 
cludes advice  to  those  who  have  suffered  from  injury  or  dis- 
ease, so  that  Government  compensation  similar  to  workmen's 
compensation  will  be  available. 

BY  E.\RNING  CAPACITY 

This  compensation  is  simply  another  form  of  the  pensions 
which  were  paid  the  injured  Civil  War  veterans  and  their 
families.  Total  disability  resulting  from  military  or  naval 
service  pays  from  $30  to  §100  per  month  from  the  Gov- 
ernment, according  to  the  size  of  a  man's  family  and  the  nature 
of  his  disability.  In  case  of  partial  disability,  this  payment 
will  be  made  in  proportion  to  the  individual  loss  in  earning 
capacity. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  advises  a  claimant  how  to  fill 
out  the  necessary  forms,  thus  saving  the  hiring  of  an  attorney 
or  claim  agent,  in  line  with  the  express  statement  of  the  law 
that  "no  claim  agent  or  attorney  shall  be  recognized  in  the 
presentation  of  claims"  for  compensation. 

This  friendly  service  also  applies  to  arrears  of  pay.  If  one 
has  good  reason  to  believe  that  he  has  been  underpaid,  con- 
sultation is  invited  with  this  section.    Advice  is  given  as 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


to  how  to  apply  to  the  Government  for  further  moneys,  and  this 
service  is  rendered  in  such  a  form  that  it  is  unnecessary  to 
retain  a  claim  agent  or  attorney  to  file  the  claim. 

Free  legal  advice  is  also  a  service  which  is  rendered  and  which 
is  appreciated  by  any  applicant  who  cannot  afford  to  pay  for 
it.  A  committee  of  some  of  the  leading  attorneys  of  New  York 
City  is  available  for  this  form  of  advice  for  the  benefit  of  the 
claimant  and  his  family.  Some  cases  have  arisen  where  a  court 
has  rendered  judgment  against  a  man  serving  with  the  colors; 
and  if  such  adjustment  has  gone  by  default  either  while  a  man 
is  in  the  army  or  within  thirty  days  after  his  discharge,  an  Act 
provides  that  he  may  still  have  his  chance  in  court.  This 
Bureau  assists  such  applicants,  and  in  a  number  of  cases  it  has 
been  possible  to  reopen  the  case  and  give  the  applicant  an  op- 
portunity of  defending  the  action. 

Payments  on  a  mortgage  on  property  may  have  become  over- 
due, but  the  Bureau  is  able  to  advise  in  line  with  the  Act  pro- 
vided, whereby  such  a  sale  would  be  void,  unless  by  special 
order  of  the  court,  until  ninety  days  after  an  applicant  has  been 
discharged.  This  proviso  applies  only  to  mortgages  executed 
before  a  given  date,  and  is  effective  concerning  property  which 
was  owned  before  the  applicant  went  into  the  service. 

HUMAN  ALLEVIATION 

The  same  form  of  advice  may  also  be  had  without  charge  in 
the  case  of  overdue  taxes  or  payments  on  a  private  insurance 
policy. 

In  brief,  every  returned  service  man  will  find  a  fully  equipped 
information  bureau  ready  at  his  command  in  this  section  of  the 
useful  activities  of  the  Mayor's  Committee.  His  rights  will  be 
carefully  explained  under  the  existing  regulations  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  enlisted  man  and  his  relatives.  He  and  his  family  may 
want  to  know  how  to  keep  his  Government  insurance  from 
lapsing;  how  to  file  claim  of  compensation  for  injury  in  the 
service;  of  the  plans  the  Government  is  providing  to  return 
discharged  service  men  to  industry;  how  to  apply  for  arrears 


RED  CROSS  AND  CIVIC  AID  BUREAU 


of  pay;  how  long  the  Government  allowance  to  the  family  of  a 
service  man  should  continue,  etc.,  etc. 

It  is  not  necessary  for  such  a  claimant  in  Greater  New  York 
or  elsewhere,  who  is  in  touch  with  this  section  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee,  to  write  to  Washington  to  learn  these  things.  They 
can  all  be  answered  accurately  and  promptly  at  the  Hall  of 
Records. 

There  is  hardly  a  department  of  the  great  home  activities  of 
the  Red  Cross  which  is  not  touched  at  one  point  or  another  by 
the  operations  of  the  Mayor's  Committee;  and  those  working 
at  the  Committee  headquarters  are  busied  steadily  with  the 
many  demands  made  upon  them  for  human  alleviation  of  one 
sort  or  another. 


1:257: 


SPEAKERS'  BUREAU 


FIFTEEN  HUNDRED  WORKERS 

"Let  us  go  down,  and  there  confound  their  language"  might 
apply  to  New  York  almost  as  much  as  it  did  to  Babel  in  the  days 
of  Genesis.  Nearly  a  hundred  tongues  and  dialects  are  spoken 
within  the  confines  of  Greater  New  York,  and  the  work  of  the 
Speakers'  Bureau  must  be  polyglot  to  correspond. 

Fifteen  hundred  speakers  serve  this  department  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  and  represent  all  political,  religious  and 
national  groups.  However  much  printing  matter  may  roll  from 
the  presses,  and  however  great  its  linguistic  variety  may  be,  the 
Federal  program  for  winning  the  war  must  be  spread  to  great 
sections  of  the  population  by  word  of  mouth.  By  the  spoken 
word  alone,  from  their  own  recognized  leaders,  will  much  of  the 
great  foreign-born  population  receive  instruction  as  to  the  needs 
of  the  times. 

The  remarkable  results  of  such  propaganda  are  shown  in  the 
three  Liberty  Loans.  On  the  East  Side,  for  instance,  the  sub- 
scriptions for  the  First  Loan  were  practically  negligible  and 
were  hardly  reported;  the  subscriptions  for  the  Second  Liberty 
Loan  amounted  to  1250,000;  and  for  the  Third  Liberty  Loan, 
1 1 2,000,000.  A  considerable  proportion  of  credit  for  this  re- 
markable growth  in  the  best  kind  of  patriotic  interest  among 
the  alien  population  is  due  not  alone  to  the  Speakers'  Bureau  of 
the  Mayor's  Committee,  but  to  the  other  agencies  which  have 
carried  through  the  oral  educational  propaganda  with  such 
effectiveness. 

EXPLAINING  THE  DRAFT 

The  need  for  a  Speakers'  Bureau  was  further  accentuated  on 
the  occasion  of  the  draft  registration.  The  evening  before  reg- 
istration day  the  Bureau  sent  out  a  small  army  of  speakers 

1:258: 


SPEAKERS'  BUREAU 


numbering  nearly  four  hundred,  who  spoke  throughout  the  City 
in  explanation  of  the  significance  of  registration  day. 

Addresses  are  made  in  many  languages,  and  the  requirements 
demanded  of  the  speakers,  outside  of  platform  ability,  are  that 
they  should  be  one  hundred  per  cent.  American  and  able  to  de- 
liver a  real  war  message  on  loyalty,  Americanization,  recruiting 
or  any  of  the  vital  subjects  of  the  day.  Speakers  are  coached 
to  bring  home  to  the  people  the  facts  in  relation  to  the  war  and 
the  welding  of  the  civic  life  in  every  phase  of  its  social  and 
economic  aspects.  Official  literature  and  other  educational 
features  are  freely  supplied  by  the  Mayor's  Committee's 
workers  for  this  purpose. 

The  standing  and  reputation  of  all  speakers  are  carefully  in- 
vestigated, and  no  one  is  assigned  to  address  any  meeting  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  who  has  not  been 
vouched  for  to  the  Committee  from  some  reputable  and  patriotic 
source. 

USEFUL  FORMS  OF  SERVICE 

"Send  'em  away  with  a  smile!"  was  the  slogan  of  the  Mayor's 
Committee  in  inaugurating  the  notable  series  of  send-off  meet- 
ings both  for  volunteers  and  for  men  in  the  Draft.  These  have 
been  a  stirring  success,  and  scores  of  Local  Draft  Boards  apply 
for  the  speakers  of  ability  and  sympathy  who  go  from  this 
Bureau  with  a  word  of  cheer  for  the  men  who  go  to  serve  their 
country's  cause.  Bands  of  music,  with  buses  and  other  means 
of  transportation,  send  the  men  off  in  good  spirits. 

Hundreds  of  patriotic  meetings  have  been  served  from  the 
Mayor's  Committee  with  speakers  and  music;  and  in  many  in- 
stances these  have  been  completely  staffed  with  speakers,  music, 
transportation,  etc.,  from  the  Hall  of  Records.  Co-operation 
is  had  with  the  Naval  and  Military  branches  of  the  Government 
in  all  these  matters,  and  one  of  the  most  useful  forms  of  serv- 
ice on  the  Mayor's  Committee  emanates  in  this  form  from  the 
Speakers'  Bureau.  Co-operation  is  had  by  this  Bureau  with 
virtually  every  other  department  of  the  many  activities  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee. 

n259ll 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


The  Bureau  functions  in  two  ways:  co-operatively  and  inde- 
pendently. In  other  words,  it  arranges  meetings  on  its  own 
account,  and  likewise  assigns  speakers  to  meetings  which  have 
been  arranged  by  other  organizations.  It  is  keeping  constantly 
in  touch  with  the  programs  and  suggestions  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense,  in  which  programs  and  suggestions  speakers 
for  the  Committee  are  asked  to  co-operate.  The  Committee  on 
Public  Information  at  Washington  supplies  the  Red,  White  and 
Blue  series  of  information  pamphlets  as  fast  as  printed.  These 
are  distributed  to  speakers  for  their  value  in  connection  with  the 
talks  made.  The  Committee  on  Public  Information  has  also  re- 
ceived from  the  Mayor's  Committee  a  list  of  speakers  to  whom 
they  have  been  requested  to  send  the  daily  Official  U.  S.  Bul- 
letin, with  the  idea  of  keeping  the  speakers  of  this  Bureau  well 
informed  upon  present-day  events. 

ASSISTANCE  FOR  RECRUITING 

This  Bureau  arranged  for  speakers  during  a  period  of  several 
weeks  for  recruiting  for  the  Merchant  Marine  and  the  U.  S. 
Navy.  The  success  of  the  first  few  meetings  arranged  for  mer- 
chant marine  recruiting  was  so  unexpectedly  large  that  the  U.  S. 
Shipping  Board  notified  its  local  inspector  of  recruiting  that 
they  could  not  handle  any  more  enlistments  for  the  present. 

Valuable  assistance  was  rendered  by  this  Department  in  re- 
cruiting to  fill  the  ranks  of  the  27th  Division,  National  Army. 
Co-operation  has  also  been  largely  given  in  the  "Tanks"  re- 
cruiting and  for  the  U.  S.  Naval  Reserve.  An  interesting  com- 
bination recruiting  rally  was  held  under  the  auspices  of  this 
Committee  in  June  last,  at  City  Hall  Park,  at  which  every 
branch  of  the  U.  S.  Service  was  represented  as  well  as  the  Brit- 
ish and  Canadian  Recruiting  Mission. 

LOCAL  DRAFT  BOARDS 

The  Speakers'  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  invited  the 
189  Local  Draft  Boards  to  apply  to  it  for  speakers  who  would 
address  the  drafted  men  on  the  day  of  entrainment,  and  give 

1:2603 


SPEAKERS'  BUREAU 


them  what  was  called,  for  want  of  a  better  name,  a  "Send-them- 
away-with-a-smile"  talk.  Over  one  hundred  of  the  Local  Boards 
responded  to  this  invitation  and  between  the  hours  of  seven  and 
nine  on  the  mornings  of  April  27th,  28th,  and  29th,  speakers 
from  this  Bureau  gave  ten-minute  talks  at  every  Local  Board 
requesting  this  service.  These  meetings  were  highly  successful 
and  numerous  "repeat"  requests  have  been  received  since  that 
time.  Acting  on  a  suggestion  contained  in  a  Bulletin  of  the 
Council  of  National  Defense,  speakers  are  now  instructed,  when 
addressing  drafted  men,  to  embody  in  their  talks  further  advice 
on  the  subject  of  Hygiene,  the  advantages  of  War  Risk  Insur- 
ance, and  information  on  other  subjects  of  vital  interest  to  them. 

LIBERTY  LOAN 

During  the  Third  Liberty  Loan  campaign,  this  Bureau,  as  in 
the  other  earlier  drives,  furnished  speakers  for  between  three 
and  five  Liberty  Loan  meetings  a  day  in  addition  to  its  regular 
and  routine  work.  It  is  prepared  to  co-operate  and  assist  to  an 
even  greater  degree  in  the  next  drive. 

RED  CROSS 

Close  co-operation  was  had  with  all  the  different  Speakers' 
Bureaus  of  the  Red  Cross  during  its  drive  of  last  May.  Upon 
the  request  of  the  Speakers'  Bureau  of  the  Atlantic  Division  of 
the  Red  Cross  some  of  the  Committee's  speakers  were  assigned 
exclusively  to  Red  Cross  work  during  that  time. 

U.  S.  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 

The  Speakers'  Bureau  of  this  organization  has  been  assisted 
on  a  very  great  many  occasions.  A  comprehensive  list  of  Yid- 
dish speakers  has  been  supplied  in  propaganda  work.  Through 
the  fine  co-operation  of  the  British  and  Canadian  Recruiting 
Mission  it  has  been  possible  to  supply  the  Food  Administration 
Speakers'  Bureau,  as  well  as  many  other  organizations,  with 
overseas  service  men  for  talks  on  all  occasions. 


[261: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


WAR  SAVINGS  COMMITTEE 

The  Speakers'  Bureau  of  the  above  Committee  and  the  Mayor's 
Committee  Speakers'  Bureau  have  co-operated  to  a  very  large 
extent.  Speakers  for  a  large  number  of  meetings  were  supplied 
during  their  recent  campaign,  and  previously,  which  were 
purely  of  a  War  Savings  Stamp  nature.  The  Mayor's  Com- 
mittee has  been  instrumental  in  securing  for  this  Bureau  one  of 
their  "feature"  speakers,  and  in  all  other  ways  possible  have  co- 
operated with  them. 

"SERVICE  FLAG"  MEETINGS 

Co-OPERATION  regarding  the  supply  of  speakers  is  in  operation 
with  the  National  Security  League,  American  Defense  Society, 
K.  of  C,  Labor  Temple,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Y.  M.  H.  A.. 
Stage  Women's  War  Relief,  and  innumerable  settlement  houses, 
churches  and  schools.  Speakers  have  been  supplied  for  the 
Educational  Alliance  Weekly  Forum  held  throughout  the  win- 
ter and  spring  months;  and  speakers  are  sent  for  the  East  Side 
patriotic  meetings  and  park  meetings  held  in  the  Bronx  by  the 
Alliance. 

An  interesting  service  that  this  Bureau  has  been  called  upon 
to  do  is  the  assignment  of  speakers  to  "Service  Flag"  meetings 
throughout  all  neighborhoods  of  Greater  New  York.  The  oc- 
casion of  the  unfurling  of  a  "Service  Flag,"  although  purely 
local  to  the  block  or  neighborhood  in  which  it  is  raised,  is  one,  it 
seems  to  the  Mayor's  Committee,  to  be  of  more  than  local  inter- 
est and  importance.  Notably  good  results  have  come  from  the 
efforts  made  in  supplying  speakers  for  these  affairs. 

INDUSTRIAL  WORK 

Some  of  the  Bureau's  speakers  have  given  a  splendid  service 
among  the  workers  in  the  ship-yards,  safeguarding  wherever 
possible  by  their  patriotic  appeals  against  the  ever-present  dan- 
ger of  strikes. 


SPEAKERS'  BUREAU 


Letters  have  recently  been  received  from  the  American  Com- 
mittee on  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief  and  the  Italian  War 
Relief  Fund  of  America  asking  for  the  co-operation  of  the 
Speakers'  Bureau  of  the  Mayor's  Committee  in  bringing  before 
the  audiences  whom  its  speakers  address  the  pressing  needs  of 
these  foreign  countries  and  the  part  Italy  is  playing  in  the  great 
war. 

While  outside  of  the  strict  scope  of  its  activities,  this  Bureau 
has  frequently  been  called  upon  and  has  been  able  to  supply 
professional  talent,  music  and  entertainment  for  various  patri- 
otic meetings. 

These  meetings  have  been  held  in  every  part  of  Greater  New 
York,  in  various  sections  of  the  State,  and  in  many  parts  of 
Long  Island,  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey.  They  have  been 
held  indoors  and  out,  on  the  street  corners  and  in  auditoriums, 
in  work-shops  and  theatres,  from  the  tops  of  Fifth  Avenue  buses 
and  in  banquet-halls.  Talks  have  been  made  in  English, 
French,  Italian,  Russian,  Polish,  Yiddish,  and  other  tongues. 
The  speakers  have  been  drawn  from  all  walks  of  life,  each  one, 
however,  possessing  certain  qualifications  which  make  him  fitted 
for  certain  types  of  audience. 

A  GREATER  USEFULNESS 

A  SURVEY  of  the  work  accomplished  by  the  Speakers'  Bureau  of 
the  Mayor's  Committee  has  led  to  plans  for  further  usefulness 
in  the  following  directions: 

Aside  from  a  continuance  of  the  present  propaganda  and  loy- 
alty meetings, and  all  possible  co-operation  with  existing  organi- 
zations, an  important  service  is  being  rendered  during  the  period 
of  the  war  by  a  corps  of  speakers,  whose  names  and  reputations 
have  considerable  influence  among  employees  in  the  various 
war  industries.  To  these  speakers  is  assigned  the  task  of  help- 
ing to  keep  the  workers  free  from  the  taint  of  German  propa- 
ganda and  imbued  with  a  patriotic  endeavor  to  do  their  bit,  and 
prevent  strikes.  This  is  made  possible  through  arranging  for 
noon-day  meetings  in  the  shops,  plants  and  yards  at  certain 

1:2633 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


definite  times  in  the  week  or  month,  at  which  speakers  with  a 
sympathy  for  and  knowledge  of  the  psychology  of  their  audience 
make  short,  inspiring  talks. 

SEND-OFF  MEETINGS 

As  an  extension  of  the  present  activities,  large  meetings  of 
drafted  men  (the  combined  quotas  of  several  Local  Boards)  are 
being  arranged  for  several  days  before  the  time  of  entrainment, 
where  speakers  are  sent  from  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  inform 
the  men  on  many  matters  in  which  they  are  often  entirely  unin- 
formed when  leaving  for  camp. 

This  Bureau  also  is  continuing  the  city-wide  Americanization 
program  by  means  of  a  well  organized  foreign-language  group 
of  speakers,  who  know  their  audiences  and  are  able  to  explain 
in  easily  understood  phrases  the  advantages  of  and  require- 
ments for  American  citizenship.  The  Draft  Act  has  done  more 
to  make  the  foreign  groups  of  New  York  City  loyal  Americans 
than  any  other  one  thing  before  the  war;  it  now  remains  for  that 
fluid  loyalty  to  be  turned  into  substantial  American  citizenship, 
and  part  of  that  task  is  the  duty  of  the  Speakers'  Bureau  and 
its  volunteer  workers. 


1:2643 


TRANSPORTATION  BUREAU 

§600,000  GIVEN  IN  TRANSPORTATION 

THE  Transportation  Bureau  started  without  the  record 
of  a  single  automobile,  truck  or  bus,  but  rapidly  laid  the 
foundation  for  a  list  of  automobile,  truck,  bus,  van  and  taxicab 
owners  that  completely  covered  the  vehicular  service  of  the  City. 
There  now  is  available  a  list  of  ninety  thousand  owners  of 
pleasure  cars,  five  thousand  owners  of  vans,  over  ten  thousand 
trucks  of  all  tonnage,  and  the  vehicles  of  the  sight-seeing  and 
taxicab  companies. 

Cars  are  held  at  the  command  of  the  Army,  Navy  and  other 
departments  of  the  Federal  Government  for  the  quick  action 
which  is  necessary  in  war  times.  Speed,  it  is  recognized  by  the 
Mayor's  Committee,  is  the  essence  of  war  work,  and  ordinarily 
it  is  only  necessary  for  the  Committee  to  receive  a  call  for  a 
remarkably  prompt  response  to  be  made.  The  Transportation 
Bureau  keeps  in  touch  with  the  various  motor  corps  which 
are  doing  so  splendid  a  work,  not  alone  for  officials  but  in  con- 
veying convalescents  from  the  military  and  naval  hospitals,  and 
in  transporting  the  wounded  by  their  ambulance  organizations. 

Calculating  the  work  done  on  a  modest  rental  value,  the 
records  of  this  Department  show  that  from  its  inception  it  has 
secured  free  of  charge  over  §600,000  worth  of  automobile  ser- 
vice, and  has  served  over  ninety-two  patriotic  and  war  service 
organizations,  as  well  as  recruiting  stations  representative  of 
every  branch  of  the  United  States  Service,  besides  numerous 
branches  of  many  organizations.  In  all,  over  three  hundred 
different  units  of  this  kind  have  been  served.  This  Department 
has  been  given  entire  possession  of  about  twenty  automobiles, 
as  well  as  having  received  about  §3,000  in  cash  donations  in 
lieu  of  automobile  service.  The  Mayor's  Committee  wishes  here 
to  express  its  grateful  appreciation  to  the  owners  of  cars,  and 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Others  who  have  so  generously  contributed  to  the  success  of  this 
Bureau. 

ESSENTIALS  OF  TRANSPORTATION 

Some  of  the  cars  that  were  secured  were  turned  over  to  the 
Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  Camp  Upton,  British-Canadian  Mission, 
Fourteenth  State  Guard  Regiment,  and  similar  services.  Such 
recruiting  stations  demand  a  great  deal  of  this  Bureau.  It 
seems  to  have  been  proved  essential  for  the  carrying  out  of  any 
propaganda,  program  or  campaign,  such  as  the  First,  Second  or 
Third  Liberty  Loan  Campaign,  Red  Cross,  National  Food  Com- 
mittee, Recruiting  and  other  major  Federal  campaigns,  to  have 
a  well  organized  vehicular  service,  to  all  of  which  movements 
substantial  co-operation  has  been  given.  For  example,  it  would 
have  been  impossible  for  the  Recruiting  Committee  of  the 
Mayor's  Committee  to  have  posted  300,000  to  400,000  posters 
without  the  service  of  automobiles  that  were  donated.  It  would 
have  been  just  as  impossible  for  many  organizations  to  pay 
for  the  rental  of  the  necessary  cars. 

There  is  a  steady  and  growing  demand  for  this  kind  of  service. 
Every  week  or  two,  on  the  average,  some  new  campaign  or  drive 
is  planned  which  makes  a  special  demand  for  co-operation  from 
this  Department.  The  Second  Liberty  Loan  Campaign  was  im- 
mediately followed  by  the  National  Food  Campaign  for  food 
conservation  pledges.  This  was  followed  by  a  recruiting  drive 
on  the  part  of  the  Naval  Recruiting  Stations  of  the  City  for  four 
hundred  to  five  hundred  firemen  to  be  used  on  the  transport 
service.  The  Transportation  Bureau  rose  to  all  of  the  oc- 
casions. 

Besides  providing  transportation  for  all  the  great  war-time 
campaigns,  this  Department  has  also  been  called  upon  to  pro- 
vide hundreds  of  bands  and  music  of  various  kinds,  buglers, 
fifers,  drummers  and  singers.  Every  parade,  such  as  the  National 
Guard  Parade,  National  Army  Parade,  Liberty  Loan  Parades, 
Washington  Day  Parade  and  Independence  Day  Parade,  has 
seen  this  Department  in  the  thick  of  the  work.   For  instance, 

1:266] 


TRANSPORTATION  BUREAU 


thirty-one  bands  were  provided  for  the  National  Army  Parade, 
twenty-seven  bands  for  the  Second  Liberty  Loan  Parade,  more 
than  a  score  for  the  Third  Liberty  Loan  Parade,  thirty-one 
bands  for  the  National  Army  Parade,  besides  which  many 
military  and  other  units  that  participated  were  likewise  served. 
Over  125  bands  were  secured  for  the  great  Independence  Day 
Parade  of  1918,  largely  through  this  Bureau. 

EXPERT  ADVICE  GIVEN 

The  advice  of  this  Bureau  has  been  sought  in  many  con- 
ferences in  which  plans  were  laid  for  some  campaign  of  patriotic 
and  Federal  activity.  There  was  suggested  by  this  Department 
to  the  Committee  of  the  Second  Liberty  Loan  the  plan  of  plac- 
ing wind-shield  posters  on  all  the  motor  cars  of  the  city.  When 
it  was  proposed  to  have  a  great  British  Recruiting  Campaign, 
the  question  arose  as  how  to  provide  subsistence  for  two  bat- 
talions of  Canadian  "Kilties"  who  were  to  be  the  chief  attrac- 
tion for  that  week's  work.  The  New  York  Hotel  Men's  Associa- 
tion was  successfully  approached  to  donate  the  food  necessary, 
as  well  as  securing  cots,  blankets,  etc.,  for  the  use  of  the  71st 
Regiment  armory  as  sleeping  quarters.  This  latter  alone  was 
an  item  of  over  two  thousand  dollars.  Cots  were  provided  on 
another  occasion  on  very  short  notice  for  the  Adjutant-General's 
Office  in  connection  with  caring  for  drafted  men  who  were 
quartered  in  the  71st  Regiment  armory. 

Many  important  Government  undertakings  have  been  sup- 
ported by  the  Department;  for  example,  when  the  original 
survey  for  Base  Hospital  sites  in  and  about  New  York  was 
made  by  the  Surgeon-General's  Office  of  the  War  Department, 
this  Bureau  supplied  the  automobile  service  which  covered  a 
two  weeks'  period.  When  it  was  decided  to  provide  entertain- 
ment through  the  Columbia  War  Hospital  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee for  the  wounded  soldiers  in  the  hospitals,  this  Bureau 
provided  the  transportation  to  carry  the  entertainers  to  and  fro. 
The  War  Gardens  Committee  was  provided  with  a  car  three  or 
four  times  each  week. 


1:2673 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


It  came  to  the  attention  of  this  Bureau  that  the  men  in  the 
service  on  leave  were  compelled  to  pay  full  rates  for  transporta- 
tion on  street  cars,  etc.  In  order  to  help  them  out,  the  Bureau 
inaugurated  a  campaign  in  March,  1918,  among  automobile 
owners  of  the  Greater  City  and  provided  them  with  wind-shield 
signs  reading: 

MEN  IN  SERVICE 

HA  VE  A  LIFT  AS  FAR  AS  WE  GO 


Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense 

HALL  OF  RECORDS  BUILDING       -       NEW  YORK  CITY 


The  public  was  greatly  attracted  to  this  simple  means  of 
doing  something  for  the  boys  who  have  to  do  the  fighting,  and 
has  called  upon  this  Department  for  thousands  of  cards.  In 
fact,  it  became  so  popular  that  numerous  letters  asking  for  cards 
and  information  have  come  in  from  many  sections  of  the  United 
States.  A  number  of  other  organizations  are  now  rendering  a 
similar  service  of  good  will  to  men  in  uniform. 

MANY  SERVICES  RENDERED 

Buses  were  provided  for  sight-seeing  purposes  for  the  benefit 
of  the  crews  of  various  foreign  battle-cruisers;  for  men  at  Camp 
Mills  from  other  States  of  the  Union;  for  the  British  Ministry 
of  Munitions,  and  for  carrying  sweaters  and  other  goods  to  the 
camps  and  to  the  battle-ships  leaving  for  foreign  ports.  Cars 
were  provided  for  the  inspectors  to  handle  the  transportation 


TRANSPORTATION  BUREAU 


of  the  captured  German  U-Boat  and  the  British  Tank  during 
the  Second  Liberty  Loan  campaign;  provision  was  made  for 
the  moving,  at  4:30  in  the  morning,  of  equipment,  etc.,  of  the 
Second  Brigade  Headquarters  Troop  on  their  way  to  a  southern 
camp;  sick  children  of  enlisted  soldiers  were  taken  to  the  water- 
front hospitals  and  recreation  centres;  music  was  provided  for 
the  continuation  of  the  Patriotic  Musical  Festival  held  in 
Central  Park;  help  was  given  in  making  arrangements  for 
temporary  base  hospitals  by  using  four  local  armories;  wounded 
men  were  taken  to  various  camps;  illuminated  trucks  were  pro- 
vided for  night  recruiting;  cars  for  the  paymasters  of  U.  S. 
ships  and  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  were  provided  to  help  in 
their  work  of  purchasing  supplies  for  their  overseas  trips ;  singers 
and  speakers  were  transported  to  hundreds  of  patriotic  meet- 
ings; trucks  were  provided  for  conveying  moving  picture  ap- 
paratus for  the  Government  War  Film  Service;  help  was  given 
in  securing  rights  for  several  parades  through  the  Police  Depart- 
ment; transportation  was  supplied  in  making  arrangements  for 
various  large  meetings  of  the  British-Canadian  and  National 
Service  Meetings  at  Madison  Square  Garden;  trucks,  cars,  buses 
and  bands  were  provided  for  the  American  Alliance  for  Labor 
and  Democracy,  as  well  as  buses  and  bands  to  take  the  drafted 
men  to  the  trains  on  their  way  to  camp  from  many  of  the  189 
exemption  boards;  a  report  was  made  on  the  possibilities  of 
vehicular  mobilization  to  the  Eastern  Headquarters,  War 
Department,  etc.,  etc. 

Mention  is  made  of  several  of  these  matters  merely  to  give 
an  idea  of  the  wide  range  of  activities  of  this  Department.  The 
following  services  have  been  rendered  to  organizations  and  com- 
mittees with  their  numerous  branches: 


EVERY  SERVICE  SERVED 

Cars  were  provided  for  the  Draft  Director  for  weeks  at  a  time 
for  the  inspection  of  local  boards;  trucks  and  cars  furnished 
for  the  Adjutant-General's  office;  the  Surgeon-General's  Office 
of  the  War  Department  was  assisted  in  taking  pictures;  help 

1269-] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAt  DEFENSE 


was  given  to  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Army;  War 
Camp  Community  Service;  Committee  of  the  Bar  which  gives 
free  legal  advice  to  men  in  the  service;  Salvation  Army  War 
Fund;  all  of  the  Red  Cross  campaigns;  U.  S.  Marines  and 
Knights  of  Columbus  have  been  taken  in  buses  and  autos  to  the 
station  on  their  way  to  training  camp  and  on  their  way  to  the 
training  ships  in  Boston  Harbor;  transport  of  troops  to  ports  of 
embarkation;  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  special  driving  for  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy  and  other  officials  from  Washington;  attendance 
upon  the  Serbian  and  Japanese  official  missions;  Police  Patrol 
boats  provided  for  Governor's  Island  for  the  inspection  of  piers, 
New  York  Harbor;  cars  provided  for  the  inspection  of  Camp 
Mills  during  the  winter  of  1917-18;  cars  for  the  Board  of  Con- 
trol of  the  War  Department  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting  fire 
conditions  in  the  factories  where  soldiers'  uniforms  are  made; 
cars  for  officers  of  the  Mineola  Flying  Field;  cars  supplied  for 
the  Navy;  car  for  the  Department  of  National  Defense;  for 
Columbia  War  Hospital;  War  Savings  Stamps  Campaign; 
buses  for  27th  Division  (New  York's  Own);  cars  for  the  dura- 
tion of  the  Liberty  Loan  Drive;  car  for  the  American  Social 
Hygiene  Department  for  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army; 
car  for  Governor  Whitman  for  parade;  for  the  308th  Infantry, 
Camp  Upton;  car  for  the  Legal  Advisory  Board  of  Adjutant 
General's  Office;  for  the  Junior  American  Guard;  etc. 

For  the  Federal  Recruiting  Service  the  transportation  em- 
braced cars  for  Army  Headquarters;  Aviation  Corps;  Brooklyn 
Navy  Yard;  Brooklyn  Army  Recruiting;  Junior  Naval  Reserve; 
Marine  Corps;  Military  Training  Camp;  Navy  Headquarters' 
Commander;  Naval  Reserves;  Naval  Reserve  Coast  Defense; 
Naval  Militia;  Quartermaster's  Department;  Governor's  Island; 
Quartermaster's  Enlisted  Reserve  Corps;  etc. 

SOCIETIES  HELPED 

In  general  the  service  embraced  transportation  for  the  New 
York  State  Military  Census;  Federal  Registration  Committee; 
first  Liberty  Loan  Committee  and  sub-committees;  Second 

1:2703 


TRANSPORTATION  BUREAU 


Liberty  Loan  Committee  and  sub-committees;  Red  Cross  (for 
five  boroughs)  and  sub-committees;  Auxiliary  Civilian  Relief 
Red  Cross  (all  boroughs)  and  sub-committees;  National  Special 
Aid  Society;  British  Recruiting  Mission;  Adjutant-General's 
Office  (for  189  exemption  boards);  Veteran  Corps  of  Artillery; 
Militia  of  Mercy;  Kips  Bay  Neighborhood  Association;  Bronx 
House;  Richmond  Hill  House;  Young  Women's  Hebrew  As- 
sociation; Little  Italy  House;  Headquarters  Troop;  War  De- 
partment Commission  on  Training  Camp  Activities;  National 
Service  Club  with  branches;  Patriotic  Service  League;  Midday 
Minute-men  Recruiting  Committee;  Stage  Women's  War 
Relief;  Machine  Gun  Company,  71st  Regiment;  Army  and 
Navy  Field  Kit  Comfort  Committee;  National  League  for  Wo- 
men's Service;  Second  Brigade  Headquarters  Troop;  Soldiers' 
and  Sailors'  Club;  French  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Club;  Boy 
Scouts  of  America;  Junior  American  Naval  and  Marine  Scouts; 
New  York  Sun  Tobacco  Fund  parade  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Washington  Irving  High  School;  Southern  Commercial  Con- 
gress Reception  Committee;  American  Defense  Society;  U.  S. 
Food  Administration;  Women's  Auxiliary  Naval  Recruiting 
Committee;  23d  Regiment  Recruiting  Campaign;  Brooklyn 
Navy  Yard  (various  divisions);  Naval  Reserve;  Mayor's  Food 
Committee;  Parade  of  Recruiting  Battalion  and  Service  men; 
National  Guard  Parade  Committee;  National  Army  Parade 
Committee;  Poster  Committee;  cars  for  speakers,  singers,  etc.. 
for  numerous  patriotic  meetings;  U.  S.  S.  "Granite  State,"  Naval 
Reserve;  British-Canadian  Madison  Square  Rally;  National 
Service  Night  at  Madison  Square  Garden;  Marine  and  Navy 
Recruiting  Committee;  National  Guard;  Musical  Festival  Com- 
mittee, Central  Park;  Principals'  Club;  Officers'  Reserve  Corps; 
United  Polish  Societies,  and  many  other  incidental  items  of 
transport. 

A  novel  system  has  been  developed  which  facilitates  the 
complicated  work  required,  as  otherwise  it  could  not  be  carried 
on  successfully  in  so  many  directions. 


1:270 


VOLUNTEER  SERVICE  BUREAU 


MOBILIZING  EXPERT  HELPERS 

Practically  every  important  war  activity  is  handicapped  by 
the  shortage  of  clerical  help.  Appeals  for  assistance  continually 
reach  the  Mayor's  Committee,  and  these  appeals  have  resulted 
in  the  organization  of  a  mobile  force  of  typists,  stenographers 
and  other  helpers  who  fulfil  in  an  office  much  the  same  function 
as  is  so  usefully  performed  by  the  Transportation  Bureau 
outside;  for  the  typewritten  sheets  and  other  interior  organiza- 
tion machinery  necessarily  transport  the  message  from  an  or- 
ganization to  its  public. 

This  force  was  organized  by  the  Mayor's  Committee  to  meet 
the  demands  primarily  of  its  own  organization.  Membership  in 
the  Stenographic  Bureau  requires  that  a  volunteer  shall  pass  a 
test  of  individual  efficiency,  and  also  that  the  abilities  shown 
are  proper  to  the  co-ordination  between  departments  and  com- 
mittees. 

VOLUNTEER  TYPISTS 

The  Volunteer  Typist  Division  consists  of  nearly  250  young 
women,  each  of  whom  generously  pledges  her  service.  In  some 
cases  this  service  has  been  given  every  night,  as  well  as  on 
Saturday  afternoons,  by  these  self-sacrificing  workers.  This 
generous  co-operation  was  used  with  special  advantage  in  con- 
nection with  the  arrangements  for  the  Independence  Day 
Pageant-Parade. 

DEVOTED  WAR  WORKERS 

Many  members  of  this  division  freely  rendered  their  services 
in  the  day,  and  in  some  cases  worked  a  full  day  or  several  full 

1:2723 


READ"? 

One  of  the  score  of  special  parties  of  o 
war-workers  given  outings  by  i 


A  GROUP  OF  WAR  WORKL 
Included  in  this  group  at  the  country  house  of  one  of  the  members 
Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Knights  of  Columbus,  Salvation  Army,  Jew!;  V 
American,  Argentine  and  Brazilian  naval  offii  s 


I  BARK 

II  and  convalescent  soldiers,  sailors  and 
|s  Committee  on  the  yacht  Surf 


I  ITAINED  AT  JOURNEY'S  END 

lyor's  Committee  are  representatives  of  the  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
1  Board,  American  Library  Association,  Woman's  Motor  Corps; 
I  ers  of  the  Staff  of  The  Mayor's  Committee,  etc. 


I 


VOLUNTEER  SERVICE  BUREAU 


days.  The  spirit  displayed  by  members  of  this  division,  as 
well  as  by  other  volunteer  workers,  was  admirable,  and  mani- 
fested in  many  cases  the  possibilities  for  useful  and  valuable 
utilization  of  such  service  in  connection  with  various  organiza- 
tions engaged  in  war  work. 

Frequent  co-operation  has  been  given  to  the  various  Liberty 
Loans  and  many  other  war  organizations  conducting  special 
drives  and  other  activities.  A  readily  assembled  force  of  stenog- 
raphers and  typists  is  available  at  almost  any  time  for  call 
for  approved  charitable  or  patriotic  purposes,  and  this  repre- 
sents the  only  sizable  organization  of  the  kind  in  New  York 
City. 

The  Mayor's  Committee,  seeing  the  need  for  such  a  mobile 
corps  and  its  usefulness,  has  extended  it  beyond  the  confines  of 
Gotham,  as  many  of  these  patriotic  men  and  women  have  been 
placed  in  useful  service  at  the  National  Capital. 

STATE  CENSUS 

Volunteers  from  the  Mayor's  Committee  were  supplied  to  the 
Military  State  Census  Bureau  in  the  tabulation  of  its  records 
and  in  the  preparation  of  its  great  card  index  system.  From 
its  list  of  3,300,000  men  and  women  the  State  of  New  York  has 
repeatedly  furnished  to  the  Federal  Government  the  names  of 
persons  desired  as  members  of  the  Army,  Navy  and  Marine 
Corps,  or  as  civil  employees  for  many  fields.  This  latter  phase 
of  operation  has  proved  to  be  an  important  factor  towards  the 
success  of  the  Bureau  of  Volunteer  Service  operated  by  the 
Committee. 

Hundreds  of  volunteer  workers  were  required  for  carrying 
out  the  clerical  and  other  details  among  the  i8g  Local  Draft 
Boards  of  Greater  New  York.  The  demands  made  upon  these 
boards  were  great  in  volume,  and  were  usually  of  a  nature 
requiring  immediate  action.  A  very  important  factor  in  meet- 
ing all  these  demands  has  been  supplied  by  the  Volunteer 
Workers'  Bureau  which  was  part  of  the  Mayor's  Committee. 
Aside  from  the  Draft  Board  calls,  this  Bureau  serves  as  a  gen- 
ii 273  3 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


eral  clearing  house  for  thousands  of  volunteer  workers.  Many 
patriotic  organizations  engaged  in  war  work  come  to  the  Mayor's 
Committee  for  assistance  in  times  of  special  pressure.  These 
organizations  include  various  large  local  committees,  the  Red 
Cross,  and  others  of  like  calibre. 

People  willing  to  work  as  volunteers  are  carefully  selected 
and  placed  where  it  is  felt  they  are  best  fitted  for  their  duties. 
Help  is  given,  not  only  at  home,  but  many  of  these  volunteers 
have  gone  abroad  to  the  actual  fields  of  war.  This  organiza- 
tion has  never  been  appealed  to  in  vain  for  helpers  whether  at 
home  or  in  foreign  service. 

So  carefully  does  the  Mayor's  Committee  aim  to  deal  fairly 
with  all  concerned  that  the  Committee  is  voluntarily  sought  by 
those  who  are  willing  and  anxious  to  make  their  contribution 
by  offering  their  services  toward  the  winning  of  the  war.  The 
Mayor's  Committee  here  wishes  to  render  a  tribute  of  gratitude 
to  all  those  who  so  nobly  have  come  forward  at  this  time  of 
special  peril  for  the  nation.  Some  of  these  earnest  workers 
have  already  gone  to  their  reward;  and  in  some  instances  it  is 
known  that  they  so  worked  beyond  their  strength  that  they  fell 
the  more  readily  the  victims  of  death. 

It  is  hoped  that  some  means  may  be  found  for  memorializing 
the  patriotism  of  those  who  are  giving  such  significant  aid  and 
rendering  so  unselfish  a  devotion  in  the  midst  of  difficulty  and 
danger. 


1:274] 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 

A 

Abbe,  Dr.  Robert,  i  3  West  50th  Street 
Abbott,  Lawrence  F.,  381  Fourth  Avenue 
Abbott,  W.  H.,  661  Cauldwell  Avenue 
Abert,  Benjamin,  40  East  83d  Street 
Adams,  Edward  D.,  71  Broadway 
Adams,  Herbert,  131  West  nth  Street 
Adams,  John  Quincy,  City  Hall 
Adams,  J.  Warren,  140  Wadsworth  Avenue 
Adamson,  Robert,  511  Fifth  Avenue 
Adrian,  Charles  A.,  2536  Broadway 
Adrian,  George  M.,  447  Second  Avenue 
Agar,  John  C,  31  Nassau  Street 
Ahern,  Charles  J.,  401  Fifth  Avenue 
Ahlstrom,  Carl,  33  West  42d  Street 
Albee,  E.  F.,  1564  Broadway 

Alexander,  Dr.  A.,  59th  Street  and  Eleventh  Avenue 

Alexander,  Chas.  B.,  120  Broadway 

Alford,  Thomas  K.,  461  Fourth  Avenue 

Allen,  Edward  W.,  217  Broadway 

Allen,  Ethan,  44  East  23d  Street 

Allen,  Dr.  Herbert  C,  171  Lefferts  Place,  Brooklyn 

Ambler,  Dr.  A.  S.,  13th  Street,  College  Point,  N.  Y. 

Ames,  Edwin  A.,  1 16  Elizabeth  Street 

Ames,  Louis  Annin,  99  Fulton  Street 

Amory,  Copley,  135  East  65th  Street 

Amos,  William  C,  250  West  103d  Street 

Anable,  Courtland  v.,  61  Broadway 

Anderson,  Ellery  O.,  25  Broad  Street 

Anderson,  William  B.,  74  Broadway 

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THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Andrews,  Dr.  John  B.,  131  East  23d  Street 

Angell,  Charles  A.,  52  Ninth  Street,  Brooklyn 

Appleton,  Francis  R.,  Jr.,  60  Wall  Street 

Appleton,  R.  Ross,  78  Franklin  Street 

Apy,  Martin  B.,  Room  619,  Pulitzer  Building 

Arctander,  Arthur,  994  Grant  Avenue 

Arnold,  Edward  A.,  64  Wall  Street 

Arnold,  Frank  A.,  461  Eighth  Avenue 

Arnold,  Richard  H.,  120  Westchester  Square,  Bronx 

Arnstein,  Max,  170  Broadway 

Aspegren,  John,  Produce  Exchange 

Atkins,  Charles  D.,  Brooklyn  Academy  of  Music 

Atkinson,  Fred  W.,  Polytechnic  Institute,  Brooklyn 

Atkinson,  William  F.,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Atterbury,  Rev.  Anson  P.,  145  West  86th  Street 

Atterbury,  Grosvenor,  20  West  43d  Street 

Auditore,  James,  14  Hamilton  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Axman,  Clarence,  105  William  Street 

Ayres,  Steven  B.,  503  Fifth  Avenue 


B 

Babcock,  E.  C,  47  Cedar  Street 

Babcock,  Woodward,  i  5  Wall  Street 

Baer,  Jules  H.,  299  Broadway 

Bainbridge,  Arthur  C,  99  William  Street 

Baird,  Col.  Andrew  D.,  B'way  and  Driggs  Ave.,  Brooklyn 

Baird,  William  T.,  103  West  13th  Street 

Baker,  Lieut.-Comm.  G.  B.,  20  Broad  Street 

Baker,  George  F.,  2  Rector  Street 

Baker,  George  F.,  Jr.,  2  Wall  Street 

Baker,  Joseph  J.,  34  Nassau  Street 

Baldwin,  Lathrop  E.,  141  Broadway 

Ball,  Alfred  J.,  1 130  Jamaica  Avenue,  Woodhaven,  N.  Y. 

Ball,  Ancell  H.,  372  Fifth  Avenue 

Ball,  Wilbur  L.,  74  Broadway 

Ballard,  Sumner,  80  Maiden  Lane 

Bangs,  F.  S.,  44  Wall  Street 

Bannard,  Otto  T.,  26  Broad  Street 

Barber,  Donn,  ioi  Park  Avenue 

1:276: 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Barbour,  William  R.,  22  William  Street 

Barbour,  W.  Warren,  96  Franklin  Street 

Barnes,  Charles  B.,  230  Fifth  Avenue 

Barnicle,  John  J.,  108  Front  Street 

Barondess,  Joseph,  80  Maiden  Lane 

Barratt,  Edgar  G.,  233  Broadway 

Barrett,  Alfred  M.,  165  Broadway 

Barrett,  Edward  F.,  55  Wall  Street 

Barrett,  Nicholas  J.,  500  Broome  Street 

Barrett,  W.  E.,  43  Exchange  Place 

Barry,  Charles  D.,  17  State  Street 

Barsotti,  Charles,  42  Elm  Street 

Bartlett,  Paul  W.,  7  West  43d  Street 

Barton,  Bruce,  381  Fourth  Avenue 

Bassett,  Edward  M.,  277  Broadway 

Bassler,  Dr.  Anthony,  21  West  74th  Street 

Battle,  George  Gordon,  37  Wall  Street 

Bauchle,  George  Young,  51  Chambers  Street 

Bauman,  Max,  640  West  44th  Street 

Baylies,  Edmund  L.,  54  Wall  Street 

Bayne,  Howard  R.,  140  Nassau  Street 

Beals,  John  D.,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Beard,  Daniel  C,  87  Bowne  Avenue,  Flushing,  L.  1. 

Beards,  A.,  1057  Eastern  Parkway,  Brooklyn 

Beck,  James  M.,  32  Liberty  Street 

Beck,  Martin,  1564  Broadway 

Becker,  C.  Adelbert,  612  Allerton  Avenue 

Bedell,  Daniel  M.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Bedford,  A.  C,  26  Broadway 

Beecher,  William  C,  233  Broadway 

Beekman,  Chas.  K.,  52-54  William  Street 

Beha,  James  A.,  233  Broadway 

Behning,  Albert,  217  West  125th  Street 

Behrer,  Martin,  81  Beekman  Street 

Bell,  Gordon  Knox,  22  Exchange  Place 

Bell,  James  D.,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Bellamy,  Frederick  P.,  204  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Benedict,  H.  H.,  5  East  75th  Street 

Benjamin,  George  Billiard,  66  Broadway 

Bennett,  Walter  H.,  128  Broadway 

C2773 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Bennis,  Joseph  H.,  165  Broadway 

Bergen,  W.  C,  130  West  i8oth  Street 

Bernard,  Very  Rev.  0.  S.  B.,  673  Tinton  Avenue 

Bernstein,  Max,  35  Mt.  Morris  Park  West 

Berolzheimer,  Emil,  703  East  13th  Street 

Berolzheimer,  Philip,  703  East  13th  Street 

Berriam,  Charles  A.,  141  Broadway 

Bertron,  S.  Reading,  40  Wall  Street 

Bethell,  Union  N.,  195  Broadway 

Beyer,  Herman  W.,  New  York  County  Court  House 

BiCKFORD,  Herbert  J.,  60  Wall  Street 

BiGHAM,  Henry  J.,  64  Wall  Street 

Billings,  Charles  M.,  513  Fifth  Avenue 

BiNGER,  Arnold,  53  West  23d  Street 

Bishop,  Dr.  Ernest  S.,  151  West  85th  Street 

BissELL,  Dr.  Joseph  B.,  46  West  55th  Street 

Black,  John  A.,  100  Broadway 

Black,  Loring  M.,  Jr.,  120  Broadway 

Black,  William  Harmon,  233  Broadway 

Blake,  Michael,  214  Riverside  Drive 

Blanchard,  Isaac  H.,  418  West  25th  Street 

Bloch,  Henry,  99  Nassau  Street 

Bloch,  Paul,  250  Fifth  Avenue 

Bloodgood,  Robert  F.,  58  West  57th  Street 

Bloomer,  Harvey  N.,  271  West  125th  Street 

Bloomer,  Millard  J.,  220  West  42d  Street 

Blum,  Edward  C,  428  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Blumensohn,  Dr.  H.  J.,  518  West  143d  Street 

Blumenthal,  Benjamin,  35  Nassau  Street 

Blumenthal,  George,  19  Nassau  Street 

Blumstein,  L.  M.,  236  West  125th  Street 

BoDEN,  P.  B.,  Hotel  Manhattan 

BoETTGER,  Henry  W.,  493  East  143d  Street 

BoETZEL,  Eric  L.,  185  Madison  Avenue 

Bogart,  Charles  W.,  Third  Avenue  and  137th  Street 

Bolden,  Rev.  Richard  M.,  105  West  130th  Street 

Boldt,  George  C,  Waldorf-Astoria 

Bolton,  William  H.,  177th  Street  and  Bronx  River 

Bonbright,  William  P.,  25  Nassau  Street 

Bond,  Stephen  N.,  in  Broadway 

1:278:] 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


BoNDY,  William,  149  Broadway 

BoNwiT,  Paul  J.,  417  Fifth  Avenue 

BooDY,  Charles  A.,  181  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Boomer,  L.  M.,  Hotel  McAlpin 

BoRG,  Sidney  C,  46  Cedar  Street 

Borgstede,  John  G.,  3230  Third  Avenue 

BouTON,  Archibald  L.,  University  Heights 

Bowers,  Henry,  57  Montgomery  Place,  Brooklyn 

Bowman,  John  McE.,  The  Biltmore 

Boyesen,  Hjalmar  H.,  49  Wall  Street 

Boyle,  Judge  Edward  P.,  23  Beekman  Place 

Boyle,  James  P.,  375  Lafayette  Street 

Boyle,  James  P.,  32  Union  Square 

Boynton,  Edward  B.,  51  East  42d  Street 

Brackenridge,  James,  i  106  Hoe  Avenue 

Brackenridge,  J.  C,  95  Liberty  Street 

Bradley,  Wm.,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Bradshaw,  Thomas  P.,  469  76th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Brady,  Henry,  200  West  23d  Street 

Brady,  James  C,  54  Wall  Street 

Brady,  John  J.,  15  Whitehall  Street 

Brady,  Nicholas  P.,  54  Wall  Street 

Brady,  Peter  J.,  Municipal  Building 

Braid,  John  W.,  334  East  27th  Street 

Brainard,  Clinton  T.,  Franklin  Square 

Brandt,  Charles,  Jr.,  99  Nassau  Street 

Brannan,  Dr.  John  Winters,  48  West  51st  Street 

Branson,  George  R.,  95  William  Street 

Brawner,  Alexander  H.,  27  West  70th  Street 

Breed,  William  C,  32  Liberty  Street 

Breitung,  Edward  N.,  i  i  Pine  Street 

Brennan,  William  R.,  103  Park  Avenue 

Brenner,  Frederick,  799  Flushing  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Brent,  Henry  Kelly,  80  Maiden  Lane 

Bresler,  Dr.  Max,  278  East  Broadway 

Breuchaud,  Jules,  290  Broadway 

Brewster,  Robert  S.,  51  Wall  Street 

Bridgman,  H.  L.,  294  Washington  Street,  Brooklyn 

Bridgman,  Brig.-Gen.  Oliver  B.,  54  West  40th  Street 

Brill,  Max  D.,  44  East  14th  Street 

C2793 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Brindell,  R.  p.,  1890  Daly  Avenue 

Britt,  T.  Louis  A.,  271  Broadway 

Britton,  H.  L.,  Bronx  Park,  New  York  City 

Brophy,  Albert  T.,  168  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Brosnan,  Francis  X.,  120  Broadway 

Brough,  Judge  Alexander,  234  West  103d  Street 

Brown,  Ernest  C,  52  Vanderbilt  Avenue 

Brown,  Franklin  Q.,  33  Pine  Street 

Brown,  Lowell  H.,  17  Battery  Place 

Brown,  Rufus  H.,  350  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Brown,  Dr.  Samuel  A.,  155  West  58th  Street 

Brown,  Judge  Thomas  C,  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

Brown,  Willard  S.,  i  Liberty  Street 

Brown,  William  H.,  46  Cedar  Street 

Browning,  John  Scott,  16  Cooper  Square 

Bruckner,  Hon.  Henry,  Third  and  Tremont  Avenues 

Brunner,  Arnold  W.,  ioi  Park  Avenue 

Bruns,  Edwin  G.,  60  Broadway 

Bryan,  Benj.  B.,  115  Broadway 

Buckle,  John,  872  Washington  Street 

Buckley,  George  D.,  381  Fourth  Avenue 

Buffa,  Dr.  Vincenzo,  28  Stanton  Street 

Bull,  Henry  W.,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Burke,  James  1.,  140  Broadway 

Burke,  John  S.,  Fifth  Avenue  and  34th  Street 

Burleigh,  Col.  George  William,  52  Wall  Street 

Burn,  Henry,  Madison  Avenue  and  33d  Street 

Burns,  M.  F.,  50  Church  Street 

Burns,  Patrick  J.,  1438  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Burns,  Walker  F.,  56  Pine  Street 

Burr,  Hon.  William  P.,  Municipal  Building 

Burrell,  F.  a.  M.,  1409  Albemarle  Road,  Brooklyn 

Burroughs,  Bryson,  50  East  86th  Street 

Bush,  Irving  T.,  100  Broad  Street 

Butler,  Edmond  J.,  232  East  176th  Street 

Butler,  Ellis  Parker,  242  State  Street,  Flushing,  L.  L 

Butler,  James,  390  Washington  Street 

Butler,  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray,  i  i6th  Street  and  Broadway 

Butler,  William  Allen,  54  Wall  Street 

Buttenweiser,  Jos.  L.,  220  Broadway 

[280:] 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


c 

Cable,  W.  A.,  54  West  40th  Street 

Cadman,  Rev.  S.  Parkes,  64  Jefferson  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Cady,  C.  W.,  233  West  54th  Street 

Caesar,  Henry  A.,  50  Union  Square 

Calder,  Senator  William  M.,  i648  Eleventh  Ave.,  B'klyn 

Caldwell,  B.  D.,  51  Broadway 

Caldwell,  Hon.  Charles  Pope,  42  Broadway 

Campbell,  Dr.  William  Francis,  394  Clinton  Ave.,  B'klyn 

Cane,  George  W.,  45  Jay  Street 

Canfield,  George  F.,  49  Wall  Street 

Cannon,  Dr.  H.  W..  10  Wall  Street 

Cantasano,  Vito  G.,  185  South  Street 

Carew,  Hon.  John  F.,  313  East  37th  Street 

Carl,  John  H.,  510  First  Avenue 

Carley,  E.  E.,  220  West  42d  Street 

Carlton,  Newcomb,  195  Broadway 

Carmody,  Frank  X.,  61  Broadway 

Carpenter,  Charles  K.,  15  William  Street 

Carter,  Edward  M.,  61  Broadway 

Carter,  R.  A.,  130  East  15th  Street 

Casin,  Jacob,  79  Fifth  Avenue 

Cassidy,  Edward,  430  East  77th  Street 

Castagnetta,  Louis,  5!  Maiden  Lane 

Cavanagh,  John  G.,  30  East  42d  Street 

Cerf,  Gustave,  790  Riverside  Drive 

Chaffee,  J.  Irvin,  i88th  Street  and  Sedgwick  Avenue 

Chambers,  Albert  N.,  222  East  41st  Street 

Chamberlin,  Egbert,  1054  Clay  Avenue 

Chandler,  H.  A.  E.,  Columbia  University 

Chandler,  Robert  W.,  147  East  19th  Street 

Chandler,  Walter,  Jr.,  Hotel  Martinique 

Chesley,  Arthur  C,  277  Rider  Avenue 

Chetwood,  Dr.  Charles  H.,  25  Park  Avenue 

Chubb,  Hendon,  5  South  William  Street 

Churchill,  Thomas  W.,  63  Wall  Street 

Clark,  Appleton  L.,  40  Wall  Street 

Clark,  F.  V.,  23 1  West  39th  Street 

1:281:] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Clark,  George  W.  M.,  51  East  426  Street 

Clark,  J.  H.,  295  Broadway 

Clark,  Justice  Lester  W.,  100  Clinton  Ave., 

New  Brighton,  S.  I. 
Clark,  William  A.,  20  Exchange  Place 
Clarke,  Audley,  527  Smith  Street,  Brooklyn 
Cleary,  James  C,  51  Chambers  Street 
Cleland,  Henry,  2091  Anthony  Avenue 
Clews,  Henry,  15  Broad  Street 
Clifton,  John  W.,  i  12  West  47th  Street 
Clinton,  Francis  Wright,  24  Desbrosses  Street 
Clonin,  James  E.,  Boulevard,  Ft.  of  Camelias  St.,  L.  1.  C. 
Clover,  Rev.  George  F.,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  113th  St. 
Cobb,  Judge  W.  Bruce,  City  Magistrates'  Court 
Cochran,  Major  George  G.,  246  80th  Street,  Brooklyn 
Cody,  Frederick,  149  Broadway 
CoE,  Franklin,  8  West  40th  Street 
Cogswell,  C.  Van  Rensselaer,  35  Wall  Street 
Cogswell,  George  E.,  100  Broadway 
Cohen,  Maurice  S.,  31  Liberty  Street 
Cohen,  Nathan  D.,  Hotel  Ansonia 
Cohen,  William  N.,  22  William  Street 
Cohen,  William  W.,  67  Exchange  Place 
Cohn,  Edward  R.,  35  Nassau  Street 
Cole,  Charles  P.,  Amboy  Avenue,  Prince  Bay,  Richmond 
Coleman,  Judge  Charles  W.,  2565  Broadway 
Coleman,  John  B.,  60  Wall  Street 
Coles,  Harry  C,  Custom  House 

Collins,  Dr.  Barnett  C,  645  St.  Mark's  Ave.,  Brooklyn 
Collins,  Judge  Cornelius  F.,  201  East  30th  Street 
Collins,  Frederick  L.,  25  West  44th  Street 
Colyer,  Major  Jos.  H.,  Jr.,  851  St.  Mark's  Ave.,  B'klyn 
Comstock,  L.  K.,  2 1  East  40th  Street 
Conant,  Ernest  L.,  32  Liberty  Street 
Conn,  Frank  W.,  81  Willoughby  Street,  Brooklyn 
Connelly,  John  E.,  27  William  Street 
Connolly,  Hon.  Maurice  E.,  Borough  Hall,  L.  I.  C. 
Conron,  Joseph,  263  West  90th  Street 
CoNTESSA,  ViTo,  3 1 1  East  1 19th  Street 
Conway,  Judge  James  J.,  9  Jackson  Avenue,  L.  I.  C. 
[282] 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Conway,  Patrick  J.,  1 59  East  60th  Street 

Cook,  George  E.,  95  Madison  Avenue 

Cook,  John  W.,  93  Lafayette  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Cooke,  D.  W.,  30  Church  Street 

Cooke,  George  J.,  261  Ninth  Avenue 

Cooke,  Robert  Grier,  542  Fifth  Avenue 

CooNEY,  John  J.,  66  Broad  Street 

Cooper,  George  L.,  New  York  Herald 

Cortelyou,  George  B.,  130  East  15th  Street 

CoRwiNE,  William  R.,  13  Astor  Place 

CoTiLLO,  Salvatore  A.,  95  Liberty  Street 

Coudert,  Frederic  R.,  2  Rector  Street 

CouGHLiN,  J.  P.,  116  Nassau  Street 

CowEN,  Samuel,  1200  Intervale  Avenue 

Cowl,  Clarkson,  8  West  14th  Street 

CowLEs,  R.  A.,  99  John  Street 

Cowperthwait,  J.  Howard,  195  Park  Row 

CoYLE,  Frank  James,  20  Exchange  Place 

Crafts,  Francis  M.,  1423  Albemarle  Road,  Brooklyn 

Cragen,  Judge  John  M.,  Elmhurst,  L.  ]. 

Craig,  Hon.  Charles  L.,  Municipal  Building 

Cram,  J.  Sergeant,  505  Fifth  Avenue 

Crampton,  Dr.  Henry  E.,  Columbia  University 

Crane,  C.  A.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Crane,  Irving,  850  East  i6ist  Street 

Cranford,  Frederick  L.,  149  Remsen  Street,  Brooklyn 

Cravath,  Paul  D.,  52  William  Street 

Crawford,  Joseph,  417  East  34th  Street 

Crimmins,  Thomas,  444  East  69th  Street 

Croak,  John,  192  Broadway 

Crocker,  Frank  L.,  5  Nassau  Street 

Crompton,  Wm.,  1 1 1  Broadway 

Cromwell,  Lincoln,  357  Fourth  Avenue 

Cronin,  Richard,  31-33  East  19th  Street 

Crowell,  Major  William  B.,  1044  Fifth  Avenue 

Crowninshield,  Edward  a.,  Brook  Haven,  L.  I. 

Crowninshield,  Frank,  19  West  44th  Street 

CuLLEN,  Judge  Edgar  M.,  2  Wall  Street 

CuMMiNGS,  George  W.,  Jr.,  176  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Cumnock,  A.  J.,  345  Broadway 

1:283] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Cunningham,  Christopher,  Greenpoint  Ave.,  Brooklyn 
Cunningham,  Edward  F.,  149  East  14th  Street 
Curtis,  F.  Kingsbury,  30  Broad  Street 
Curtis,  Sidney  W.,  i  12  Hicks  Street,  Brooklyn 
Curtis,  William  Edmond,  30  Broad  Street 
Cutting,  R.  Fulton,  32  Nassau  Street 

D 

Dalton,  William  A.,  617  Fifth  Avenue 

Daly,  C.  J.,  150  Nassau  Street 

Daly,  P.  H.  J.,  170  Broadway 

Damon,  Col.  Alex  M.,  120  West  14th  Street 

Dana,  Dr.  Charles  L.,  53  West  53d  Street 

Daniels,  C.  C,  20  Broad  Street 

Darby,  Walter  F.,  2  East  23d  Street 

Darley,  William  W.,  115  Broadway 

Darlington,  Charles  F.,  100  Broadway 

Davenport,  William  B.,  189  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Davidson,  W.  J.,  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. 

Davies,  J.  Clarence,  149th  Street  and  Third  Avenue 

Davies,  Julien  T.,  34  Nassau  Street 

Davis,  Gherardi,  i  5  William  Street 

Davis,  Henry  K.,  2804  Third  Avenue 

Davis,  John,  68  William  Street 

Davis,  Robert  H.,  280  Broadway 

Davison,  Henry  P.,  23  Wall  Street 

Dawkins,  Major  William  A.,  12 19  Hancock  Street,  B'klyn 

Day,  Hon.  Jonathan  C,  Municipal  Building 

Day,  Joseph  P.,  31  Nassau  Street 

Day,  W.  a.,  120  Broadway 

Dayton,  Charles  W.,  27  William  Street 

Dean,  Major  Bashford,  Riverdale,  N.  Y. 

Dearborn,  Geo.  S.,  Brooklyn  Bridge  Arch  8 

Dearden,  Dr.  John  Edwin,  125  East  91st  Street 

De  Bear,  Harry  J.,  1808  Broadway 

De  Bracke,  Pierre  R.,  250  West  54th  Street 

DeBragga,  Joseph  H.,  503  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Decker,  David  C,  559  Old  Stone  Rd.,  Port  Richmond,  S.  I. 

Deering,  E.  J.,  1 10  Nassau  Street 

1:284] 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


DE  Forest,  Robert  W.,  30  Broad  Street 

De  Gaugue,  Charles  L.  E.,  153  East  78th  Street 

Degnon,  Michael  J.,  Hunters  Point  Avenue,  L.  I.  City 

Delafield,  Frederick  P.,  20  Exchange  Place 

Delafield,  Col.  John  Ross,  27  Cedar  Street 

Delafield,  Joseph  L.,  35  Nassau  Street 

Delafield,  Richard,  40  West  46th  Street 

Delahunty,  Thomas  L.,  26  Park  Place 

Delatour,  Dr.  H.  Beeckman,  73  Eiglith  Avenue,  B'klyn 

Delavan,  Dr.  D.  Bryson,  40  East  41st  Street 

Delbon,  Francis  Caspard,  449  45th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Demmerle,  Theodore,  45  West  25th  Street 

Demorest,  William  Curtis,  217  Broadway 

De  Mott,  Harry  M.,  Court  and  Montague  Streets,  B'klyn 

Demuth,  Leopold,  230  Fifth  Avenue 

DE  Navarro,  Alfonso,  30  Broad  Street 

Denbigh,  John  H.,  i66th  Street  and  Boston  Road 

Dench,  Dr.  Edward  B.,  15  East  53d  Street 

Depew,  Frank,  515  Canal  Street 

Desmond,  Thomas  C,  31  Nassau  Street 

Deutsch,  Bernard  S.,  261  Broadway 

DeVoe,  Frederick  R.,  181 5  Webster  Avenue 

De  Young,  Maurice,  193  SchaefFer  Street,  Brooklyn 

DiERNiG,  Fred  R.,  Webster  Avenue  and  233d  Street 

Dike,  Judge  Norman  S.,  194  Columbia  Heights,  B'klyn 

Dillingham,  Charles  B.,  Broadway  and  46th  Street 

Dingwall,  Adam,  63  West  36th  Street 

Dittenhoefer,  I.  M.,  32  Broadway 

Dix,  William  Frederick,  34  Nassau  Street 

Dodge,  Cleveland  H.,  99  John  Street 

DoERR,  William,  Sr.,  502  Pulitzer  Building 

DoHERTY,  Leo  V.,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

DoLEN,  Owen  F.,  2620  East  Tremont  Avenue 

Dommerich,  Otto  L.,  254  Fourth  Avenue 

Donahue,  P.  A.,  22  East  22d  Street 

Donahue,  Philip  F.,  233  Broadway 

DoNEGAN,  Nicholas  T.,  Tompkinsville,  N.  Y. 

Donovan,  Jerome  F.,  27  Cedar  Street 

Donovan,  Michael  J.,  60  Broadway 

DoRAN,  George  H.,  244  Madison  Avenue 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


d'Orbessan,  Dr.  Fernand,  Ozone  Park,  N.  Y. 

DoRDAN,  John  E.,  103  Park  Avenue 

DoRF,  Samuel,  266  Grand  Street 

Doty,  Douglas  Z.,  119  West  40th  Street 

Douglas,  Archibald,  233  Broadway 

Douglas,  William  Harris,  44  Whitehall  Street 

DowD,  Herman,  37  Wall  Street 

DowLiNG,  Hon.  Frank  L.,  Municipal  Building 

DowLiNG,  Justice  Victor  J.,  Supreme  Court,  New  York 

Downey,  John  P.,  28  Nassau  Street 

Downs,  Thomas,  149  Broadway 

Drake,  Newman  E.,  71  Clinton  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Dreicer,  Michael,  560  Fifth  Avenue 

Dressler,  George,  Wallabout  Market,  Brooklyn 

Droste,  Charles  F.,  177  Duane  Street 

Drucker,  Edward  W.,  Times  Building 

Drummond,  Walter  J.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Ducharme,  H.,  825  East  15th  Street,  Brooklyn 

DuFFiELD,  Rev.  Howard,  12th  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue 

Duggan,  Patrick  F.,  35  Martin  Avenue,  Glendale,  L.  I. 

Duncan,  Stuart,  241  West  Street 

Dunn,  Gano,  43  Exchange  Place 

Dunn,  Harris  A.,  358  Fifth  Avenue 

Dunn,  James  L.,  2551  Hughes  Street,  Brooklyn 

Dunn,  Robert  R.,  165  Broadway 

Dunne,  Finley  Peter,  136  East  64th  Street 

Dunnigan,  John  J.,  1861  Holland  Avenue 

Dunphy,  Edward  J.,  2  Rector  Street 

Du  Pont,  Coleman,  120  Broadway 

Duport,  Octave,  67  West  44th  Street 

DuRANT,  W.  C,  1790  Broadway 

Durkee,  Charles  D.,  2  South  Street 

Dwight,  Edmund,  56  Maiden  Lane 

Dyer,  Brig.-Gen.  George  R.,  66  Broadway 

Dykman,  Wm.  N.,  177  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

E 

Eadie,  Bertram  G.,  Terminal  Bldg.,  St.  George  Ferry,  S.  I. 
Earley,  Cornelius  J.,  51  Chambers  Street 

1:286: 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Ebbets,  Charles  H.,  Bedford  Ave.  and  Sullivan  St.,  B'klyn 

EcKLEY,  Ernest  R.,  2  Rector  Street 

Eckstein,  M.  Maurice,  17  Battery  Place 

Eddy,  Lieut.-Comm.  Spencer,  288  Fourth  Avenue 

Edmonds,  Thomas  C,  1826  Park  Avenue 

Edwards,  Chas.  Jerome,  204  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Edwards,  E.  W.,  Pulitzer  Building 

Edwards,  W.  F.,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Egan,  John,  175  Degraw  Street,  Brooklyn 

Egan,  Joseph  L.,  16  Dey  Street 

Egbert,  Rev.  George  Drew,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Eglinton,  a.  Lincoln,  43  Exchange  Place 

Ehret,  George,  Jr.,  235  East  92d  Street 

EiDLiTz,  Otto  M.,  30  East  42d  Street 

Eilert,  Ernest  F.,  318  West  39th  Street 

Eiseman,  Stephen  F.,  60  Broadway 

Elkus,  Abraham  I.,  m  Broadway 

Ellis,  Elwood  C.,  431-443  Hudson  Street 

Ellison,  Bennett,  63  Maiden  Lane 

Elms,  James  C.,  906  Broadway 

Elsberg,  Nathaniel  A.,  27  William  Street 

Elson,  Edwin  B.,  220  Fifth  Avenue 

Ely,  Robert  Erskine,  17  West  44th  Street 

Emery,  J.  H.,  1 107  Broadway 

Enelow,  Rabbi  Hyman  G.,  895  West  End  Avenue 

English,  William  H.,  120  Broadway 

Epstean,  Edward,  141  East  25th  Street 

Erlanger,  Abraham,  350  Broadway 

Erlanger,  Michael,  109  West  26th  Street 

Ernst,  Bernard  M.  L.,  31  Liberty  Street 

Ernst,  Morris  L.,  2  Rector  Street 

Erstein,  Benedict,  345  Fourth  Avenue 

Erstein,  Moise  L.,  345  Fourth  Avenue 

Ettinger,  William  L.,  300  Park  Avenue 

EusTis,  John  E.,  200  Broadway 

Evans,  Hartman  K.,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Evans,  William  S.,  46  Cedar  Street 

EvERS,  Very  Rev.  Mgr.  Luke  J.,  20  City  Hall  Place 

EviNS,  Judge  Samuel  H.,  Stapleton,  S.  I. 

1:287: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


F 

Fagan,  Lawrence  J.,  511  East  144th  Street 

Fahnestock,  William,  2  Wall  Street 

Fairchild,  Samuel  W.,  74  Laight  Street 

Falk,  Albert,  56  West  45th  Street 

Fallon,  John,  225  Fifth  Avenue 

Fargis,  Joseph  H.,  37  Liberty  Street 

Farley,  Thomas  M.,  321  East  65th  Street 

Farrell,  Rev.  W.  B.,  64  Middagh  Street,  Brooklyn 

Farrelly,  Stephen,  9  Park  Place 

Fay,  Michael,  369  72d  Street,  Brooklyn 

Fayne,  James  A.,  42  Broadway 

Fee,  Frank  J.,  292  Avenue  B 

Feiner,  Benjamin  F.,  100  Broadway 

Feldman,  Daniel  D.,  19  Belmont  Ave.,  New  Brighton,  S.  \. 

Fell,  T.  R.,  71  Broadway 

Fennell,  George  W.,  2929  Third  Avenue 

Ferguson,  James  R.,  369  East  i62d  Street 

Fettel,  Henry,  187  Linden  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Feuerbach,  F.  L.,  Park  Avenue,  Richmond  Hill 

Finamore,  Anthony  J.,  66  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn 

Findley,  William  L.,  2  East  45th  Street 

Fin  LAY,  Samuel  L.,  202  Eighth  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Fishel,  Mortimer,  32  Broadway 

FiSKE,  Haley,  i  Madison  Avenue 

FisKE,  John  J.,  40  West  32d  Street 

Fitzgerald,  John  J.,  1 11  Broadway 

Fitzpatrick,  F.  F.,  30  Church  Street 

Fitzpatrick,  Richard,  454  West  19th  Street 

Fitzsimmons,  C.  J.  A.,  21  Burling  Slip 

Fitzsimmons,  Wm.  F.,  257  Broadway 

Flagg,  Ernest,  109  Broad  Street 

Flaherty,  Frank  B.,  Herald  Square 

Flatto,  I.  T.,  261  Broadway 

Fleischman,  Henry,  197  East  Broadway 

Fleischmann,  Gustav  J.,  531  Seventh  Avenue 

Fleischmann,  Leon,  531  Seventh  Avenue 

Fletcher,  Andrew,  30  Church  Street 

n288: 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Fletcher,  Austin  B.,  32  Liberty  Street 

Fleury,  George  A.,  176  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Flint,  Chas.  R.,  120  Broadway 

Flynn,  J.  A.,  429  Macon  Street,  Brooklyn 

Flynn,  James  L.,  364  Manhattan  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Flynn,  Thomas  F.,  170  Broadway 

Flynn,  William  J.,  1918  Arthur  Avenue 

FoGARTY,  William  J.,  403  Herald  Avenue,  Richmond  Hill 

FoGGiN,  Frank,  25  Richmond  Ave.,  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. 

Foley,  Alexander  J.,  39  Broad  Street 

Foley,  Frank  F.,  66  Broadway 

Foley,  Frank  J.,  200  Fifth  Avenue 

Foley,  James  A.,  66  Broadway 

Folks,  Ralph,  40  Exchange  Place 

FoLSOM,  Henry  T.,  314  Broadway 

Forbes,  Allen  B.,  56  William  Street 

Foren,  George  W.,  Central  Avenue,  Far  Rockaway 

Forshew,  Commodore  Robert  P.,  2  Rector  Street 

Foster,  A.  C.  D.,  55  John  Street 

Foster,  Col.  R.  L.,  732  West  End  Avenue 

Foster,  Roger,  55  Liberty  Street 

Foster,  Judge  Warren  W.,  61  Broadway 

Foster,  Wm.  George,  261  Broadway 

Fowler,  Stanley  C,  19  Cedar  Street 

Fowler,  Thomas  P.,  217  West  125th  Street 

Fox,  Benjamin,  72  Eighth  Avenue 

Fox,  C.  Brainerd,  240  East  136th  Street 

Fox,  Charles,  166  Front  Street 

Fox,  Lyttleton,  120  Broadway 

Fox,  Robert  J.,  31  Nassau  Street 

Fox,  William,  130  West  46th  Street 

Francolini,  Joseph  N.,  64  Spring  Street 

Frank,  Edgar  E.,  Corner  3d  and  Mercer  Streets 

Frankel,  Lee  K.,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Franklin,  P.  A.  S.,  9  Broadway 

Eraser,  Alex  J.,  138th  Street  and  Mott  Haven  Canal 

Frayne,  Hugh,  2  East  23d  Street 

Frederick,  Cadman  H.,  258  Broadway 

Freel,  James  J.,  1839  85th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Freeman,  Zoheth  S.,  120  Broadway 

1:289: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


French,  Daniel  Chester,  12  West  8th  Street 

Freschi,  Judge  John  J.,  32  Franklin  Street 

Freund,  John  C,  501  Fifth  Avenue 

Friedkin,  Israel,  77  Bowery 

Friedrich,  Charles  H.,  35  Nassau  Street 

Friedsam,  Major  M.,  Fifth  Avenue  and  34th  Street 

Frissell,  a.  S.,  530  Fifth  Avenue 

Frost,  George  F.,  375  East  149th  Street 

Frost,  John  F.,  397  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Frugone,  Frank  L.,  178  Park  Row 

Fry,  Samuel,  880  Broadway 

FuGAZY,  L.  v.,  153  Bleecker  Street 

Fuller,  Charles  H.,  64  Wall  Street 

Fuller,  Henry  J.,  30  Church  Street 

Fuller,  Seymour  K.,  165  Broadway 

Fulton,  Kerwin  H.,  515  Seventh  Avenue 

G 

Gaillard,  Capt.  William  E.  G.,  34  Pine  Street 

Gainsburg,  Isidor,  258  Broadway 

Gair,  Robert,  50  Washington  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Gallagher,  Cornelius,  61  Broadway 

Gallatin,  Albert  Eugene,  125  East  69th  Street 

Gallatin,  Francis  D.,  160  Broadway 

Galvin,  Hon.  John  F.,  Municipal  Building 

Ganly,  James  V.,  1445  Doris  Street 

Gannon,  Thomas  F.,  6  St.  Charles  Place,  Brooklyn 

Gans,  Eugene  P.,  912  Seventh  Avenue 

Garrison,  Hon.  Lindley  M.,  24  Broad  Street 

Gary,  Elbert  H.,  71  Broadway 

Gass,  Frank,  221 5  Westchester  Avenue 

Gatling,  Richard  Henry,  71  Broadway 

Gay,  Charles  M.,  1705  N  Street,  N.W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

George,  Judge  William  A.,  Town  Hall,  Jamaica 

Gerard,  Julian,  399  Park  Avenue 

Gerli,  Joseph,  i  19  East  27th  Street 

Germain,  William  S.,  3735  Willett  Avenue 

Getty,  Hugh,  357  West  26th  Street 

GiBBONEY,  Stuart  G.,  165  Broadway 

1:2903 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


GiBBS,  Judge  Louis  D.,  Tremont  and  Arthur  Avenues 

Gibson,  Charles  Dana,  127  East  73d  Street 

Gibson,  Harvey  D.,  120  Broadway 

GiEGERiCH,  Justice  Leonard  A.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Gilbert,  A.  S.,  43  Exchange  Place 

Gilbert,  Cass,  244  Madison  Avenue 

Gillespie,  George  J.,  20  Vesey  Street 

Gillespie,  Lawrence  L.,  44  Wall  Street 

Gillies,  R.  C,  ioi  Park  Avenue 

GiLMAN,  Theodore,  55  William  Street 

GiLMAN,  Theodore  P.,  237  Fulton  Street 

Gilpin,  C.  Monteith,  99  John  Street 

GiLROY,  John  J.,  120  Broadway 

Gimbel,  Isaac,  Broadway  and  32d  Street 

Gimbel,  Louis,  Broadway  and  32d  Street 

Gittins,  George  W.,  12  West  45th  Street 

Glackens,  W.,  29  Washington  Square 

Goetze,  Frederick  A.,  63  Wall  Street 

Gold,  Cornelius  B.,  25  Broad  Street 

Gold,  P.  D.,  Jr.,  149  Broadway 

Golden,  James  J.,  153  Lafayette  Street 

Golden,  Richard,  68  William  Street 

Goldfogle,  Henry  M.,  271  Broadway 

Goldman,  Albert,  362  East  149th  Street 

Goldman,  Julian,  31 1  Sixth  Avenue 

Goldman,  Samuel  P.,  120  Broadway 

Goldsborough,  J.  B.,  290  Broadway 

GooDALE,  Wilbur  C,  265  Seventh  Avenue 

GooDELL,  Rev.  C.  L.,  425  West  End  Avenue 

Goodhue,  Charles  E.,  i  57  East  34th  Street 

Goodwin,  Frank  J.,  32  Chambers  Street 

Gough,  William  T.,  9  Maiden  Lane 

Gould,  Edwin,  301  Fifth  Avenue 

Gould,  Dr.  Everett  W.,  6  West  121st  Street 

Gould,  George  J.,  501  Fifth  Avenue 

Grace,  Joseph  P.,  Hanover  Square 

Graff,  Leslie,  Fifth  Avenue  and  34th  Street 

Graham,  Sigsbee,  93  William  Street 

Granata,  G.,  29  Broadway 

Gray,  Henry  G.,  49  Wall  Street 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Greacen,  Walter  J.,  17  Marlborough  Road,  Brooklyn 

Green,  Henry,  25  Broad  Street 

Green,  Thomas  D.,  Broadway  and  35th  Street 

Green,  Warren  L.,  72  Broad  Street 

Gregory,  George  W.,  251  Fifth  Avenue 

Grella,  E.  M.,  145  West  28th  Street 

Griffin,  Daniel  J.,  46  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Griscom,  Clement  Acton,  90  West  Street 

Groen,  H.  a.,  10  John  Street 

Grossman,  Rev.  Rudolph,  1347  Lexington  Avenue 

Grote,  George  W.,  430  East  i02d  Street 

GuDE,  O.  J.,  220  West  42d  Street 

GuERiN,  Jules,  50  East  23d  Street 

Guernsey,  N.  T.,  195  Broadway 

Guggenheimer,  Chas.  S.,  120  Broadway 

GuLiCK,  Archibald  A.,  120  Broadway 

GuNN,  J.  N.,  1790  Broadway 

Gunnison,  Herbert  F.,  Eagle  Building,  Brooklyn 

Gwathmey,  J.  Temple,  25  Broad  Street 

H 

Haan,  R.  M.,  Hotel  St.  Regis 
Haas,  J.  R.,  400  Broome  Street 
Hackett,  Frank  S.,  Riverdale-on-Hudson 
Hadden,  George,  189  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 
Hafstrom,  G.  J.,  Castleton  Park,  Stapleton,  S.  i. 
Haggard,  Sewell,  i  19  West  40th  Street 
Hahn,  Alfred,  1292  Madison  Avenue 
Hall,  Ernest,  62  William  Street 
Hall,  Hugh,  Borough  Hall,  Long  Island  City 
Hall,  William,  241  East  71st  Street 
Halligan,  H.  a.,  195  Broadway 
Hallock,  a.  H.,  500  Park  Avenue 
Hallock,  Charles  P.,  999  East  i8oth  Street 
Hamilton,  Henry  D.,  258  Broadway 
Hamilton,  W.  J.,  1 1  Grand  Avenue,  Corona 
Hammer,  Ernest  E.  L.,  2808  Third  Avenue 
Hammitt,  Walter,  484  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 
Hammond,  Dr.  Graeme  M.,  60  West  55th  Street 

II2923 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Hammond,  Ogden  H.,  8o  Maiden  Lane 

Hanan,  N.  W.,  1 18  Eighth  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Hanauer,  Jerome  J.,  52  William  Street 

Hanavan,  George  B.,  7  Borden  Avenue,  Long  Island  City 

Handy,  Joseph  B.,  Stapleton,  S.  I. 

Harawitz,  Abraham,  309  Broadway 

Harden,  James,  66  Leonard  Street 

Hardin,  A.  T.,  Grand  Central  Terminal 

Harding,  Edward,  43  Exchange  Place 

Harding,  Lewis,  336  East  137th  Street 

Harkness,  William  H.,  17  Battery  Place 

Harman,  John  N.,  Atlantic  and  Fourth  Aves.,  Brooklyn 

Harris,  John  F.,  i  5  Wall  Street 

Harris,  Rev.  Maurice  H.,  254  West  103d  Street 

Harriss,  Dr.  John  A.,  511  Fifth  Avenue 

Hart,  Charles  F.,  26  Bay  Street,  New  Brighton,  S.  I. 

Hart,  Louis  M.,  246  West  End  Avenue 

Hartfield,  Wm.,  15  Whitehall  Street 

Harth,  Frank  E.,  37  Chambers  Street 

Harvey,  George,  171  Madison  Avenue 

Hassam,  Childe,  130  West  57th  Street 

Hasslocher,  John  B.,  217  East  92d  Street 

Hastings,  Thomas,  52  Vanderbilt  Avenue 

Hawes,  James  Anderson,  30  West  44th  Street 

Hawkes,  McDougall,  32  Nassau  Street 

Hawley,  Alan  R.,  297  Madison  Avenue 

Hayden,  Charles,  25  Broad  Street 

Hayes,  George  B.,  42  Broadway 

Hayman,  Alf.,  1430  Broadway 

Healy,  Jerome  F.,  1835  Bathgate  Avenue,  Bronx 

Hearst,  William  Randolph,  238  William  Street 

Heatherton,  James  M.,  45  West  34th  Street 

Hedges,  Job  E.,  165  Broadway 

Heermance,  Clayton  J.,  2  Rector  Street 

Heide,  Henry,  313  Hudson  Street 

Heilbroner,  Louis,  241  Broadway 

Heilferty,  Robert  S.,  223  West  105th  Street 

Henry,  W.  Hamilton,  1056  Boston  Road 

Hepburn,  A.  Barton,  57  Broadway 

Herd,  Anderson  T.,  25  Broad  Street 

1:2933 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Herman,  Oscar  W.,  119  West  71st  Street 
Herman,  Sydney  H.,  160  Fifth  Avenue 
Herrick,  Walter  R.,  61  Broadway 
Herrick,  Walter  R.,  14  Wall  Street 
Herrlich,  Christian,  3320  Third  Avenue 
Herrman,  Justice  Moses,  32  Franklin  Street 
Hershenstein,  Samuel,  37  Wall  Street 
Herter,  C.  S.,  3  Broad  Street 

Hester,  Rev.  St.  Clair,  207  Washington  Park,  Brooklyn 
Hewitt,  Peter  Cooper,  18  East  33d  Street 
Heyman,  Dr.  Marcus  B.,  Manhattan  State  Hospital, 

Ward's  Island 
HiGBiE,  Robert  W.,  45  Broadway 
HiGGiNS,  C.  M.,  26  Broadway 
Higgins,  Charles  M.,  271  Ninth  Street,  Brooklyn 
Hildreth,  J.  Homer,  7  East  42d  Street 
Hilkemeier,  George,  186  Stanhope  Street,  Brooklyn 
Hill,  Richard  W.,  5  Nassau  Street 
HiLLES,  Chas.  D.,  25  Liberty  Street 
Hilliard,  John  G.,  55  John  Street 
Hilly,  Arthur  J.  W.,  302  Broadway 
Hine,  Francis  L.,  2  Wall  Street 
Hines,  James  J.,  34  Pine  Street 
Hines,  William  A.,  63  Wall  Street 
HiRLEMAN,  Forrest  C,  391  East  149th  Street 
Hirsch,  Max,  84  Franklin  Street 
HiRSCH,  Nathan,  133  West  21st  Street 
Hirschman,  Stuard,  200  Broadway 
Hitchcock,  Frank  H.,  120  Broadway 
Hodgman,  George  B.,  Tuckahoe,  N.  Y. 
HoEY,  James  J.,  80  Maiden  Lane 
Hoffbauer,  C,  258  Fifth  Avenue 
Hoffman,  Capt.  Wm.  Wickham,  58  East  79th  Street 
Hogan,  Edward  J.,  233  Broadway 
Holland,  James  P.,  21  i  East  45th  Street 
Holm,  Charles  F.,  35  Nassau  Street 
Holmes,  Edwin  T.,  25  Dey  Street 
Holmes,  Frank  L.,  103  Park  Avenue 
Holmes,  James  E.,  6th  Street,  Brooklyn 
Holt,  Hamilton,  i  19  West  40th  Street 
Holzer,  Albert  J.,  507  East  i62d  Street 

n294ll 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


HoppiN,  William  W.,  32  Nassau  Street 

HoNEYMAN,  Robert  B.,  61  Broadway 

HoRNADAY,  W.  T.,  Bronx  Park 

Horowitz,  Charles,  i  i  5  Broadway 

Horowitz,  Louis  J.,  49  Wall  Street 

Horrman,  William,  191  Canal  Street,  Stapleton,  S.  I. 

Horwill,  Edward  T.,  215  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Houston,  Herbert  S.,  Garden  City,  N.  Y. 

HouTAiN,  George  Julian,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Howard,  James  A.,  45th  Street  and  First  Avenue 

Howard,  Thomas,  World  Building 

HowLAND,  Karl  V.  P.,  119  West  40th  Street 

HoYLE,  Frank  Jerome,  20  Broad  Street 

HoYT,  Colgate,  14  Wall  Street 

HoYT,  Justice  Franklin  C,  137  East  22d  Street 

HoYT,  Henry  R.,  15  William  Street 

Hubbard,  S.  T.,  66  Beaver  Street 

HuBBS,  Charles  H.,  383  Lafayette  Street 

Huff,  Perez  F.,  91  William  Street 

Huff,  S.  W.,  2396  Third  Avenue 

HuHNER,  Leon,  52  William  Stree: 

Hulberg,  Fred,  265  West  125th  Street 

Hulbert,  Hon.  Murray,  Pier  A,  North  River 

HuLST,  E.  Covert,  16  North  Parsons  Avenue,  Flushing 

HuNGLEMAN,  Paul,  400  Broome  Street 

Hunt,  Levitt  J.,  120  Broadway 

Huntington,  Archer  M.,  15  East  Sist  Street 

Huntley,  James  R.,  28  West  23d  Street 

Huntsman,  R.  F.  R.,  294  Washington  Street,  Brooklyn 

Hupfel,  a.  G.,  Jr.,  i6ist  Street  and  Third  Avenue 

Hurley,  James  F.,  55  Franklin  Street 

Hynes,  John  J.,  290  Broadway 

Hynes,  Thomas  W.,  Municipal  Building 

I 

Imhof,  John  C,  803  East  222d  Street 

Ingraham,  Phoenix,  120  Broadway 

Irish,  William  S.,  Broadway  and  Havemeyer  St.,  B'klyn 

Irving,  Dr.  J.  Montgomery,  200  Fifth  Avenue 

Iselin,  Ernest,  36  Wall  Street 

II295II 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


J 

Jackson,  William  Schuyler,  21  Park  Row 

Jacob,  Robert,  City  Island,  N.  Y. 

Jacobi,  Dr.  a.,  19  East  47th  Street 

Jacoby,  Jack,  1161  Bryant  Avenue 

Jadwin,  Stanley  P.,  65  Cortlandt  Street 

James,  Arthur,  1476  Broadway 

James,  Arthur  Curtiss,  99  John  Street 

James,  H.  B.,  Pier  1 1,  North  River 

James,  Dr.  Walter  B.,  7  East  70th  Street 

Janes,  Edward  P.,  837  Jennings  Street 

Janes,  Elisha  Harris,  414  Madison  Avenue 

Janssen,  August,  34  West  30th  Street 

Jaques,  Washington  L.,  Jr.,  i  16  East  41st  Street 

Jarmulowsky,  Harry,  Canal  and  Orchard  Streets 

Jasper,  William  H.,  470  Convent  Avenue 

Jennings,  Walter,  26  Broadway 

Johansen,  Charles  K.,  108  Park  Row 

Johnson,  Alvin,  421  West  21st  Street 

Johnson,  Isaac  B.,  Spuyten  Duyvil,  N.  Y. 

Johnson,  Joseph  French,  32  Waverly  Place 

Johnson,  Ralph  M.,  395  Central  Park  West 

Johnston,  Henry  S.,  Elmhurst,  L.  I. 

Johnston,  R.  E.,  The  Biltmore 

Johnston,  William,  World  Building 

Jonas,  Ralph,  115  Broadway 

Jonassan,  Joseph,  303  Fifth  Avenue 

Jones,  J.  W.,  373  East  149th  Street 

Jones,  Theodore  Inslee,  360  Pearl  Street,  Brooklyn 

Jones,  W.  A.,  233  Broadway 

Joseph,  Eli,  Woolworth  Building 

Josephthal,  Commander  Louis  M.,  120  Broadway 

Jourdan,  Franklin  B.,  125  Hicks  Street,  Brooklyn 

Jourdan,  James  H.,  176  Remsen  Street,  Brooklyn 

JouvAUD,  LuciEN,  354  Fourth  Avenue 

Joyce,  Henry  L.,  Pier  1 1,  North  River 

Joyce,  William  B.,  115  Broadway 

Judge,  John  C,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

n2963 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


JuHRiNG,  John  C,  Thirteenth  Avenue  and  27th  Street 
JuiLLiARD,  A.  D.,  70  Worth  Street 
JuiLLiARD,  Frederic  A.,  70  Worth  Street 


K 

Kahn,  Max,  43  West  129th  Street 

Kahn,  Otto  H.,  52  William  Street 

Kalbach,  a.  E.,  280  Broadway 

Kaley,  F.  E.,  260  West  Broadway 

Kalt,  Otto  J.,  871  Brook  Avenue 

Kamaiky,  Leon,  185  East  Broadway 

Kane,  William  F.,  113-115  Broadway 

Katz,  Jacob,  i  14  East  Broadway 

Kaufman,  Louis  G.,  149  Broadway 

Kaufmann,  S.  Walter,  60  Wall  Street 

Kearns,  B.  T.,  68th  Street  and  East  River 

Kearns,  Philip  J.,  2306  Creston  Avenue 

Keating,  Jerome  B.,  13  Park  Row 

Keating,  Linus,  277  Broadway 

Kehaya,  Ery,  120  Broadway 

Kehr,  Gustav,  p.  O.  Box  12,  Wall  Street  Station 

Keith,  Minor  C,  17  Battery  Place 

Keller,  J.  J.,  44  Woodruff  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Keller,  John  W.,  Criminal  Courts  Building,  New  York 

Kellogg,  Andrew  H.,  141  East  23th  Street 

Kelly,  Charles  J.,  30-34  West  33d  Street 

Kennedy,  Alfred  J.,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Kennedy,  J.  J.,  103  Park  Avenue 

Kennelly,  Bryan  L.,  156  Broadway 

Keogan,  P.  J.,  103  Park  Avenue 

Kephart,  Rev.  William  H.,  415  East  143d  Street 

Kernochan,  Justice  Frederic,  44  Pine  Street 

Ketchum,  E.  V.  R.,  14  John  Street 

Kimball,  C.  W.,  202  Franklin  Street 

Kindermann,  George,  1360  Webster  Avenue 

Kies,  W.  S.,  120  Broadway 

Kindred,  Dr.  John  Joseph,  River  Crest,  Astoria,  L.  L 
King,  Dennis  F.,  23d  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  Brooklyn 
King,  Jerome  A.,  17  State  Street 

1:2973 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


King,  Dr.  Thomas  A.,  139  Lexington  Avenue 

KiNGSLEY,  Darwin  P.,  346  Broadway 

Kip,  Henry  Spies,  7  Wall  Street 

Kirch MER,  George  M.,  176  Remsen  Street,  Brooklyn 

KissLiNG,  John  P.,  9  Jackson  Avenue,  Long  Island  City 

Klaw,  Marc,  1520  Broadway 

Klein,  Milton  M.,  34th  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue 

Klein,  Dr.  Simon  Robert,  346  East  42d  Street 

Klepper,  Dr.  Julius  1.,  344  West  29th  Street 

Klingman,  Albert  A.,  339  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn 

Knecht,  Edward  P.,  221  Newell  Street,  Greenpoint,  L.  L 

Knight,  Charles  B.,  233  Broadway 

Knoedler,  Roland  F.,  556  Fifth  Avenue 

Knoeppel,  Harold  C,  5  Beekman  Street 

Knox,  Arthur,  198  Broadway 

Knox,  Herbert  A.,  291  Broadway 

Koch,  Edward  R.,  391  East  149th  Street 

Koch,  E.  von  den  Horst,  132  West  125th  Street 

Koch,  W.  T.,  132  West  125th  Street 

Koenig,  Otto,  Bible  House 

Kohns,  Lee,  46  Warren  Street 

Kolff,  Cornelius  G.,  52  Broadway 

Kouwenhoven,  W.  H.,  6 1  St  Street  and  Broadway 

Kracke,  Hon.  F.  J.  H.,  120  Broadway 

Kramer,  Harry,  i  18  Cedar  Street 

Kranich,  Charles,  250  West  88th  Street 

Krech,  Alvin  W.,  37  Wall  Street 

Kruttschnitt,  J.,  165  Broadway 

KuNHARDT,  Henry  R.,  17  Battery  Place 

Kunkel,  Joseph,  492  Throop  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

KuNZ,  Dr.  George  P.,  405  Fifth  Avenue 

KuTTROFF,  Adolf,  128  Duane  Street 


L 

Lafrentz,  p.  W.,  100  Broadway 

Lahey,  James  J.,  Ocean  Avenue  and  Avenue  M,  Brooklyn 
Lalanne,  Charles  E.,  46  Cedar  Street 
Lamb,  Charles  R.,  23  Sixth  Avenue 
Lambert,  Dr.  Samuel  W.,  130  East  35th  Street 

[298: 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Lamport,  S.  C,  509  Broadway 

Lande,  Louis,  299  Broadway 

Landon,  Francis  G.,  29  Broadway 

Lane,  Theodore  T.,  25  Franklin  Place,  Flushing,  L.  I. 

Langthorn,  T.  S.,  156  Clinton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Lanier,  Charles  D.,  30  Irving  Place 

Lanigan,  Thomas  J.,  East  165th  Street  and  Bronx  River 

Larger,  B.  A.,  Bible  House 

Largy,  Arthur  J.,  Third  Avenue  and  177th  Street 

Larkin,  Adrian  H.,  54  Wall  Street 

Larkin,  William  P.,  416  West  13th  Street 

Laski,  Leon,  160  Broadway 

Lathrop,  Spencer,  29  Lafayette  Street 

LaTour,  L.  E.,  220  West  42d  Street 

Laura,  Michael,  P.  O.  Building,  Brooklyn 

Lavelle,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  M.  J.,  460  Madison  Avenue 

Lawrence,  Richard  W.,  Eleventh  Avenue  and  50th  Street 

Lawrence,  Townsend,  47  Lawrence  Street,  Flushing,  L.  I. 

Lawson,  Ernest,  2  West  47th  Street 

Lawson,  William  M.,  264  Water  Street 

Lazar,  Morris,  724  Beck  Street 

Leach,  Arvine  C,  Bridge  Plaza  North,  Borough  of  Queens 

Leahy,  David  T.,  52  Vanderbilt  Avenue 

Ledoux,  Albert  R.,  99  John  Street 

Lee,  John  J.,  16  Lafayette  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Lee,  William  J.,  Municipal  Building 

Leeming,  T.  L.,  233  Broadway 

Leigh,  John  H.,  377  Broadway 

Lersner,  Victor  A.,  Broadway  and  Driggs  Avenue,  B'klyn 

Lessler,  Montague,  31  Nassau  Street 

Levenson,  Jos.,  243  Canal  Street 

Leventritt,  David,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Levers,  Robert,  376  Lenox  Avenue 

Levi,  Nathaniel  H.,  1013  Broadway,  Brooklyn 

Levin,  Albert  A.,  21 5  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Levine,  Samuel  W.,  271  Broadway 

Levy,  Abraham,  Times  Building 

Levy,  Arthur,  56  East  75th  Street 

Levy,  Rev.  Clifton  Harby,  2  Duane  Street 

Levy,  Edgar  A.,  505  Fifth  Avenue 

C299] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Levy,  Hon.  Ferdinand,  55  Liberty  Street 

Lew,  Isadore  Montefiore,  233  Broadway 

Levy,  Hon.  Jefferson  M.,  128  Broadway 

Levy,  Samuel  D.,  258  Central  Park  West 

Levy,  Sylvan,  346  Maujer  Street,  Brooklyn 

Lewis,  Edward  B.,  205  East  24th  Street 

Lewis,  M.  C,  565  West  169th  Street 

Lewis,  Samuel,  108  West  43d  Street 

Lewis,  William  E.,  828  Eighth  Avenue 

Lewisohn,  Adolph,  61  Broadway 

Lichenstein,  Bernard,  117  Maiden  Lane 

LiEB,  J.  W.,  124  East  15th  Street 

Liebmann,  Walter  H.,  233  Broadway 

Lilienstern,  Solon  B.,  115  Broadway 

Limburg,  Herbert  R.,  160  Broadway 

LiNAHAN,  J.  P.,  Jackson  Avenue,  Long  Island  City 

Lincoln,  Charles  M.,  61  Park  Row 

Lindsay,  John  D.,  61  Broadway 

Lindsay,  L.  Seton,  346  Broadway 

Lindsay,  Dr.  Samuel  McCune,  Columbia  University 

Lines,  Harvey  K.,  122  Main  Street,  Flushing,  L.  I. 

Lippmann,  L.  J.,  338  Washington  Street 

Lissberger,  B.,  233  Broadway 

Loft,  Hon.  Geo.  W.,  Broome  and  Centre  Streets 

Logan,  Frank  J.,  1 1 1  Broadway 

Longfellow,  Frederick  W.,  20  Exchange  Place 

Loos,  John  H.,  256  West  131st  Street 

Lord,  Chester  S.,  57  South  Portland  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Lord,  F.  W.,  105  West  40th  Street 

Loree,  L.  F.,  32  Nassau  Street 

Lorsch,  Arthur,  37  Maiden  Lane 

LoTz,  Dr.  G.  C,  105  East  19th  Street 

Loud,  Gen.  George  B.,  1338  Franklin  Avenue 

Loughman,  Edw.  J.,  1790  Broadway 

Loughman,  M.  F.,  Municipal  Building 

LouNSBURY,  Judson,  117  Wall  Street 

Love,  Jno.  H.,  230  Fifth  Avenue 

Lowes,  Clarence  M.,  Havemeyer  and  S.  5th  Sts.,  B'klyn 
Luce,  Harry  J.,  135  West  42d  Street 
Luce,  Robert  L.,  i  Liberty  Street 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


LucEY,  Capt.  John  F.,  233  Broadway 
Lucus,  Dr.  Thomas  D'Arcy,  253  West  71st  Street 
LuDviGH,  Elek  John,  501  Fifth  Avenue 
Lunger,  John  B.,  120  Broadway 
LusTiG,  Maxwell,  154  Nassau  Street 
Lydecker,  Charles  E.,  2  Rector  Street 
Lydon,  Richard  P.,  35  Nassau  Street 
Lyons,  Alexander,  68  William  Street 


Mc 

McAdoo,  Judge  William,  300  Mulberry  Street 

McAneny,  George,  19  East  47th  Street 

McAvoY,  Thomas  F.,  i  56th  Street  and  Harlem  River 

McCabe,  Frank,  The  World,  Park  Row 

McCall,  Edward  E.,  165  Broadway 

McCarroll,  William,  i  54  Nassau  Street 

McCarter,  R.  D.,  165  Broadway 

McCarthy,  John  A.,  550  Exterior  Street 

McCarthy,  Thomas  D.,  P.  O.  Building 

McClellan,  Lieut.-Col.  George  B.,  90  West  Street 

McClement,  J.  H.,  165  Broadway 

McClunn,  John  F.,  6  Stone  Street 

McClure,  S.  S.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

McCombs,  W.  F.,  15  Wall  Street 

McCulloh,  Allan,  120  Broadway 

McDermott,  John  A.,  50  Union  Square 

McDonnell,  James  F.,  120  Broadway 

McDonnell,  Robert  E.,  120  Broadway 

McGean,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  James  H.,  31  Barclay  Street 

McGoEY,  Thomas  F.,  19  William  Street 

McGraw,  James  H.,  Tenth  Avenue  and  36th  Street 

McGrath,  Alfred  J.,  17  Battery  Place 

McGuiRE,  Cornelius  A.,  Kent  Ave.  and  Hewes  St.,  B'klyn 

McGuiRE,  Eugene  J.,  314  Alexander  Avenue 

McGuiRE,  Laurence,  115  Broadway 

McIntosh,  James  H.,  346  Broadway 

McKay,  J.  A.,  425  Fifth  Avenue 

McKenney,  Henry  Potter,  80  Fifth  Avenue 

McMahon,  Martin  J.,  1208  Tinton  Avenue 

1:30a 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


McNally,  J  as.  a.,  219  Division  Avenue,  Brooklyn 
McNally,  Paul,  32  Union  Square 
McNair,  William,  5  East  79th  Street 
McRoBERTs,  Col.  Samuel,  55  Wall  Street 

M 

Mabon,  James  B.,  45  Wall  Street 

MacDonald,  George,  149  Broadway 

MacDonald,  Henry,  149  Broadway 

MacDougall,  Edward  A.,  221  Broadway,  Flushing 

Mackay,  IVIalcolm  S.,  14  Wall  Street 

Mackay,  Clarence  H.,  253  Broadway 

Mackenzie,  A.,  25  Pine  Street 

MacLean,  Andrew,  397  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

MacLean,  Charles  F.,  55  Liberty  Street 

MacNeill,  Herman  A.,  160  Fifth  Avenue 

MacRae,  Farquhar  J.,  55  William  Street 

Macy,  Nelson,  441  Pearl  Street 

Magonigle,  H.  V.  B.,  120  Broadway 

Maguire,  James  J.,  3  South  William  Street 

Mahoney,  Jeremiah  T.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Malcolm,  Ernest  E.,  113  Broadway 

Maloney,  William  R.,  165  Broadway 

Man,  Alrick  H.,  56  Wall  Street 

Mann,  W.  D.,  2  West  45th  Street 

Manney,  Harry  Mayo,  1556  Union  St.,  Brooklyn 

Manning,  Walter  W.,  280  Madison  Avenue 

Manning,  Rev.  William  T.,  187  Fulton  Street 

Mansfield,  Howard,  49  Wall  Street 

Manship,  Paul,  42  Washington  Mews,  New  York  City 

Marble,  W.  A.,  880  Broadway 

Marcus,  Joseph  S.,  77  Delancey  Street 

Markowitz,  Michael  N.,  35  Nassau  Street 

Marine,  Arlando,  7  East  42d  Street 

Marks,  Marcus  M.,  4  East  94th  Street 

Marling,  Alfred  E.,  21  Liberty  Street 

Marlow,  Ernest  W.,  63  Wall  Street 

Marsh,  Henry  W.,  80  Maiden  Lane 

Marshall,  Louis,  120  Broadway 

C302: 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Marshall,  Walter  H.,  The  Vanderbilt  Hotel 
Marston,  Edgar  L.,  24  Broad  Street 
Marston,  Edwin  S.,  22  William  Street 
Martin,  Edward  J.,  265  Broadway 
Martin,  Francis,  2150  University  Avenue 
Martin,  Frederick,  157  East  67th  Street 
Martin,  Herbert  S.,  102  Madison  Avenue 
Martin,  William  J.,  64  Wall  Street 
Marvin,  Langdon  P.,  52  Wall  Street 
Marx,  Henry,  115  Broadway 
Marzo,  Alberto  Stephen,  139  West  87th  Street 
Mason,  Gabriel  R.,  425  East  145th  Street 
Mason,  John  A.,  1974  University  Avenue 
Mathewson,  Douglas,  55  Liberty  Street 
Mayer,  Joseph  B.,  43  Exchange  Place 
Maynard,  E.  p.,  177  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 
Maynard,  Walter  E.,  501  Fifth  Avenue 
Mead,  S.  C,  233  Broadway 

Meade,  Richard  W.,  i02d  Street  near  Fifth  Avenue 

Meding,  Dr.  C.  B.,  113  East  54th  Street 

Medler,  James  L.,  30  Broad  Street 

Meehan,  Alfred  L.,  Municipal  Building 

Meehan,  James  F.,  163d  Street  and  Southern  Boulevard 

Meehan,  Thomas  J.,  115  Broadway 

Mehren,  E.  J.,  Tenth  Avenue  and  36th  Street 

Mendes,  Rev.  H.  Pereira,  99  Central  Park  West 

Menken,  S.  Stanwood,  52  William  Street 

Menninger,  Peter  L.,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 

Mergentine,  Charles  B.,  37  Broadway 

Merrall,  Walter  H.,  135  West  42d  Street 

Merrell,  Azel  F.,  Pier  32,  East  River 

Merrill,  Bradford,  238  William  Street 

Merritt,  Alan  Douglas,  50  West  45th  Street 

Merritt,  a.  L.,  264  West  96th  Street 

Merritt,  Walter  H.,  54  Wall  Street 

Metcalfe,  James  S.,  17  West  31st  Street 

Metz,  Herman  A.,  122  Hudson  Street 

Meurer,  Edward  C,  526  Bay  Street,  Stapleton,  S.  1. 

Meyer,  Charles  G.,  62  William  Street 

Meyer,  Paul,  6  East  39th  Street 

1:3033 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Meyers,  Chas.  B.,  i  Union  Square  West 

Mezes,  Dr.  Sidney  E.,  St.  Nicholas  Terrace  and  139th  St. 

MiDDLETON,  Arthur  W.,  54  Lafayette  Street 

MiELE,  Stefano,  299  Broadway 

MiLBANK,  Albert  G.,  49  Wall  Street 

MiLBURN,  A.  W.,  108  Hudson  Street 

MiLBURN,  John  G.,  54  Wall  Street 

Miles,  William  A.,  141  West  36th  Street 

MiLius,  Fred  A.,  1 10  Fifth  Avenue 

Millard,  William  J.,  55  Liberty  Street 

Miller,  Abraham  L.,  Sutphin  Road  and  Rockaway 

Boulevard,  Jamaica,  N.  Y. 
Miller,  C.  R.,  213  West  43d  Street 
Miller,  Cyrus  C.,  220  West  57th  Street 
Miller,  Henry,  747  Ninth  Avenue 
MiLLiGAN,  Jas.  a.,  3  West  29th  Street 
Mills,  Henry  P.,  29  Broadway 
Minor,  Charles  F.,  148th  Street  and  Third  Avenue 
Mitchell,  Charles  E.,  55  Wall  Street 
Mitchell,  John,  220  West  57th  Street 
Mitchell,  Nathan  J.,  261  Broadway 
Mitchell,  Justice  Richard  H.,  Third  Ave.  and  i6ist  St. 
Mitchell,  William,  44  Wall  Street 
Mix,  J.  Rowland,  381  Fourth  Avenue 
MoKARZEL,  N.  a.,  81  West  Street 
Montgomery,  J.  M.,  142  Pearl  Street 
Montgomery,  Robert  H.,  55  Liberty  Street 
Moody,  Ernest  R.,  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. 
Moore,  Major  Edwin  W.,  10  East  43d  Street 
Moore,  John  C,  401  Fifth  Avenue 
Moore,  Joseph  S.,  119  W.  40th  Street 
Moore,  Thomas  H.,  World  Building 
Moorehead,  Robert  J.,  311  Bedford  Park  Blvd.,  Bronx 
Moran,  Eugene  F.,  17  Battery  Place 
MoRAWETz,  Victor,  44  Wall  Street 
Mordecai,  Benjamin,  30  East  42d  Street 
Morgan,  John  Hill,  20  Exchange  Place 
Morgan,  Shepard  A.,  120  Broadway 
Morgan,  Wm.  Fellowes,  Arch  11,  Brooklyn  Bridge 
Morgenthau,  M.  L.,  431  Hudson  Street 

[304:1 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Morris,  Charles  S.,  14  West  66th  Street 

Morris,  Dave  H.,  68  Broad  Street 

Morrison,  A.  B.,  140  Nassau  Street 

Morse,  Anthony  W.,  20  West  40th  Street 

Morse,  Perley,  61  Broadway 

MosKowiTz,  Henry,  147  East  38th  Street 

Moss,  Benjamin  S.,  729  Seventh  Avenue 

Moss,  Frank,  233  Broadway 

MuEHLSTEiN,  HERMAN,  838  West  End  Avenue 

MuHLFiELD,  Frank  J.,  392  Fifth  Avenue 

MuLLAN,  Justice  Geo.  V.,  55  Liberty  Street 

Munholland,  John  J.,  190  Bowery 

Munn,  Charles  A.,  233  Broadway 

MuNN,  Dr.  John  P.,  18  West  58th  Street 

MuNRO,  James  J.,  Municipal  Building 

Munsey,  Frank  A.,  280  Broadway 

Murphy,  Hon.  Arthur  H.,  Tremont  and  Arthur  Avenues 

Murphy,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  145  East  14th  Street 

Murphy,  Hon.  Daniel  F.,  32  Franklin  Street 

Murphy,  Dr.  Jos.  P.,  653  St.  Mark's  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Murphy,  P.  F.,  404  Fifth  Avenue 

Murphy,  Peter  J.,  25  WoodruflF  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Murray,  Major  Edward  G.,  Far  Rockaway 

Murray,  J.  Archibald,  49  Wall  Street 

Murray,  John  F.,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Murray,  Matthew  T.,  141  Broadway 

Murray,  Thomas  E.,  54  Wall  Street 

Murray,  William  J.,  1 1  Broadway 

Muschenheim,  William  C,  Hotel  Astor 

Musliner,  Silas,  88  Gold  Street 

Myers,  William  J.,  70  Beekman  Street 

Myric,  Julian  S.,  38  Nassau  Street 


N 

Nast,  Conde,  19  West  44th  Street 
Nathan,  Abram  L.,  i  123  Broadway 
Nathan,  Edgar  J.,  128  Broadway 
Naughton,  John  H.,  133  East  53d  Street 
Nawench,  Albert  M.,  424  East  9th  Street 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Neal,  E.  Virgil,  i  i  East  36th  Street 

Nealley,  Dr.  W.  G.,  DeKalb  Ave.  &  Raymond  St.,  B'klyn 

Nelson,  W.  H.  deB.,  120  West  32d  Street 

Nicholas,  Grosvenor,  26  Beaver  Street 

Nichols,  A.  S.,  Park  Avenue  and  129th  Street 

NicoLL,  CouRTLANDT,  6 1  Broadway 

Nissen,  Ludwig,  182  Broadway 

Nix,  John  W.,  281  Washington  Street 

Norden,  Mortimer,  31 1  West  Fortieth  Street 

Norman,  C.  G.,  Winfield,  L.  I. 

Norton,  George  C.,  115  Broadway 

Nunan,  J.  D.,  401  Fifth  Avenue 

O 

O'Brien,  Charles  J.,  22  North  William  Street 
O'Brien,  John  F.,  617  Fifth  Avenue 
O'Brien,  John  H.,  316  West  79th  Street 
O'Brien,  Joseph  J.,  80  South  Street 
O'Brien,  Morgan  J.,  120  Broadway 
O'Brien,  Thos.  F.,  80  South  Street 
O'Callaghan,  Thomas,  115  Broadway 
OcHS,  Adolph  S.,  213  West  43d  Street 
O'Connell,  David  J.,  354  Fourth  Avenue 
O'Connor,  William  J.,  163  West  105th  Street 
Oehler,  Alfred  J.,  1207  Decatur  Street,  Brooklyn 
O' Flaherty,  James,  225  West  39th  Street 
O'Flaherty,  William,  141  East  iiith  Street 
O'Gorman,  Hon.  James  A.,  37  Wall  Street 
O'Keefe,  John  G.,  60  Broadway 
O'Keefe,  John  J.,  412  Eighth  Avenue 
Olcott,  E.  E.,  Desbrosses  Street  Pier 
Oliver,  Wm.  H.,  57  Fifth  Avenue 
Olsen,  John  A.,  67  West  125th  Street 
Olyphant,  Robert,  17  Battery  Place 
O'Malley,  Edward  J.,  Municipal  Building 
O'Neill,  William,  781  Eighth  Avenue 
Op  de  Beeck,  Dr.  F.,  338  West  56th  Street 
Opffer,  Emil,  132  Nassau  Street 
O'Reilly,  L.  J.,  392  Grand  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

1 3062 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


O'Reilly,  Thomas  J.,  51  Chambers  Street 
O'RouRKE,  John  J.,  52  Gordon  Street,  Stapleton,  S.  1. 
O'RouRKE,  TiERNEY  A.,  103  Park  Avenue 
Orr,  G.  Frank,  206  Broadway 
OsBORN,  William  Church,  71  Broadway 
OsEROFF,  Abraham,  356  Second  Avenue 
Oswald,  John  Clyde,  344  West  38th  Street 
OuTERBRiDGE,  E.  H.,  1 1  Broadway 

P 

Paley,  H.,  153  East  Broadway 

Palmenberg,  Edward,  i  i  East  125th  Street 

Palmer,  Eric  H.,  305  Avenue  C,  Brooklyn 

Palmer,  Ray,  444  Jackson  Avenue,  L.  I.  C. 

Park,  Dr.  William  H.,  31 5  West  76th  Street 

Parker,  G.  A.,  584  Park  Place,  Brooklyn 

Parker,  John  H.,  24  East  62d  Street 

Parker,  J.  Russell,  288  Sheffield  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Parody,  Aubrey  J.,  21  Park  Row 

Partridge,  Dr.  Edward  L.,  19  Fifth  Avenue 

Pascocello,  Joseph,  299  Broadway 

Paskus,  Benj.  G.,  128  Broadway 

Pasvolsky,  Leo,  31  East  7th  Street 

Patchin,  Robert  H.,  7  Hanover  Square 

Paton,  Thomas  B.,  5  Nassau  Street 

Patri,  Angelo,  601  East  170th  Street 

Patten,  Thomas  G.,  31st  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue 

Patterson,  Rufus  L.,  511  Fifth  Avenue 

Payne,  George  E.,  Bridge  Plaza,  L.  I.  C. 

Peabody,  Charles  A.,  34  Nassau  Street 

Pearson,  John  B.,  St.  Mark's  Place,  New  Brighton,  S.  I. 

Pelz,  George  V.  W.,  109  West  125th  Street 

Pendleton,  Judge  Francis  K.,  7  East  86th  Street 

Penfield,  Frederic  C,  787  Fifth  Avenue 

Pepe,  Vincent  C,  40  South  Washington  Square 

Perilli,  Dr.  John  W.,  68  West  loth  Street 

Perkins,  George  W.,  71  Broadway 

Perlman,  Raphael,  54  Second  Avenue 

Perrine,  George,  i  i  i  East  41st  Street 

C307II 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Peters,  Curtis  A.,  55  Wall  Street 

Phelan,  John  J.,  30  Broad  Street 

Phillips,  Burdette,  241  West  37th  Street 

Phillips,  Duncan,  7  West  43d  Street 

Phillips,  E.  L.,  50  Church  Street 

Phillips,  Nathaniel,  261  Broadway 

Phillips,  Hon.  N.  Taylor,  51  Chambers  Street 

Pidgeon,  Jose  E.,  67  Decatur  Street,  Brooklyn 

Pierce,  Henry  H.,  49  Wall  Street 

PiERSON,  Lewis  E.,  233  Broadway 

Pink,  Louis  Heaton,  32  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

PiVA,  Celestino,  46  Union  Square 

Platt,  Simon  M.,  908  Brook  Avenue 

Platten,  John  W.,  55  Cedar  Street 

Plaut,  Leopold,  17  East  47th  Street 

Plimpton,  G.  A.,  70  Fifth  Avenue 

Plummer,  Franklin  A.,  71  Broadway 

Porter,  Gen.  Horace,  277  Madison  Avenue 

Porter,  Nathan  T.,  Jr.,  108  Worth  Street 

Post,  James  H.,  129  Front  Street 

Pounds,  Lewis  H.,  317  East  17th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Pratt,  Frederic  B.,  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn 

Pratt,  John  T.,  43  Exchange  Place 

Presbrey,  Frank,  456  Fourth  Avenue 

Price,  W.  W.,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Prince,  E.  S.,  1870  Webster  Avenue 

Pringle,  J.,  3240  Broadway 

Procter,  Rodney,  27  Pine  Street 

Proskauer,  Joseph  M.,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Prosser,  Seward,  16  Wall  Street 

Pulleyn,  John  J.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Purdy,  Dr.  Harry  R.,  240  East  31st  Street 

PuRDY,  Lawson,  105  East  22d  Street 

Purdy,  W.  Frank,  10  East  47th  Street 

PuRViN,  Myles,  291  Broadway 


Q 

QuATTROCCHi,  Antonio,  1 44  West  44th  Street 
Quinn,  Peter  T.,  182  Prospect  Park  West,  Brooklyn 

1:3083 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


R 

Rabenold,  Ellwood  M.,  6i  Broadway 

Ramsay,  Dick  S.,  291  Broadway 

Ramsey,  Clarence  J.,  141  Broadway 

Rand,  R.  L.,  St.  George,  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

Rayens,  Michael  W.,  26  Cortlandt  Street 

Regan,  Thomas,  24  Lawton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Reiburn,  Michael  E.,  277  Broadway 

Reichers,  Dr.  G.  H.,  141 1  Bushwick  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Reick,  William  C.,  130  Nassau  Street 

Reid,  Charles  E.,  Third  Avenue  and  137th  Street 

Reid,  James  J.,  1910  Davidson  Avenue 

Reid,  Ogden,  i  54  Nassau  Street 

Reid,  William  C,  18  Broadway 

Reinhardt,  George  N.,  973  Brook  Avenue 

Reisner,  Rev.  Christian  P.,  131  West  104th  Street 

Reiss,  Morris  D.,  261  Broadway 

Remick,  W.  H.,  14  Wall  Street 

Renaud,  Henry  Stanley,  Criminal  Courts  Building 

Revell,  Fleming  H.,  158  Fifth  Avenue 

Reynolds,  James  Bronson,  151  Central  Park  West 

Rhinelander,  Philip,  27  William  Street 

Rhoades,  John  Harsen,  31  Pine  Street 

Richards,  Ambrose  L.,  121  Jefferson  Street,  Brooklyn 

Richards,  E.  O.,  416  Broadway 

Richardson,  Allan  H.,  236  West  37th  Street 

Richmond,  Stacy  C,  59  Cedar  Street 

Richter,  Max  C,  627  Broadway 

Ridder,  Bernard  H.,  182  William  Street 

Riegelmann,  Edward,  Borough  Hall,  Brooklyn 

RiEHLE,  John  M.,  617  Fifth  Avenue 

Riesenburger,  Irving,  27  Main  Street,  Flushing,  L.  I. 

Riley,  James  J.,  1 189  Greene  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Riley,  John  F.,  164  Eleventh  Avenue 

Riley,  Thomas  J.,  69  Schermerhorn  Street,  Brooklyn 

Ringler,  F.  a.,  40  Park  Place 

RiORDAN,  Hon.  Daniel  J.,  112  Centre  Street 

RissE,  Louis  A.,  599  Mott  Avenue 

11309] 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


RiTTER,  E.  p.  v.,  480  Lexington  Avenue 

RoBB,  Brig.-Gen.  James,  195  Broadway 

RoBBiNS,  Very  Rev.  Howard  C,  St.  John's  Cathedral 

Robertson,  Charles  E.,  61  Broadway 

Robinson,  Allan,  624  Madison  Avenue 

Robinson,  Beverley  R.,  49  Wall  Street 

Robinson,  Edward,  120  Broadway 

Robinson,  Powhatan,  258  Broadway 

RoBisoN,  Rabbi  A.  G.,  148  East  92d  Street 

RoBiTZEK,  Hon.  Harry,  2804  Third  Avenue 

Roche,  Edward,  Far  Rockaway 

Rockwell,  Joseph  H.,  i  125  Carroll  Street,  Brooklyn 

Rogers,  Jason,  75  Dey  Street 

RoGGEN,  Harry,  653  Broadway 

Root,  Elihu,  31  Nassau  Street 

RoRKE,  Alexander  I.,  51  Chambers  Street 

Rosen,  Leon,  120  Broadway 

Rosenquest,  Eugene  H.,  43  Westchester  Sq.,  Westchester 

Rosenthal,  Benjamin,  200  Fifth  Avenue 

Rosenthal,  S.  M.,  55  Fifth  Avenue 

Rosenwald,  Benno,  145  Water  Street 

Ross,  Leroy  W.,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Ross,  W.  C,  10  East  38th  Street 

RossiTER,  C.  L.,  30  Vesey  Street 

Rothschild,  Meyer  D.,  6  West  48th  Street 

Rothschild,  S.  F.,  422  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Rousseau,  Theodore,  140  Broadway 

Rowan,  John  J.,  363  20th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Rowan,  Joseph,  60  Wall  Street 

RowE,  Frederick  W.,  728  Eastern  Parkway,  Brooklyn 

RowE,  George  H.,  122  Milton  Street,  Brooklyn 

Runkel,  Louis,  445  West  30th  Street 

Ruppert,  Jacob,  1639  Third  Avenue 

Rush,  Thomas  E.,  Custom  House 

Rushmore,  Charles  E.,  61  Broadway 

Rutland,  C,  134  West  26th  Street 

Ryan,  Allan  A.,  Police  Headquarters 

Ryan,  Hon.  George  J.,  500  Park  Avenue 

Ryan,  J.  P.,  26  Cortlandt  Street 

Ryan,  Joseph  T.,  149  Broadway 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Ryan,  Hon.  Morgan  M.  L.,  New  Brighton,  S.  I. 
Ryan,  Dr.  Thomas  J.,  511  Fifth  Avenue 
Ryle,  Arthur,  225  Fourth  Avenue 

S 

Sabin,  Charles  H.,  140  Broadway 
Sachs,  Mayer,  104  Kent  Street,  Brooklyn 
Sachs,  Samuel,  60  Wall  Street 
Sadowsky,  R.,  Broadway  and  37th  Street 
Sague,  Hon.  John  K.,  112  Riverside  Drive 
Salomon,  William,  23  Broad  Street 
Sampers,  1.  H.,  195  Fulton  Street 
Samstag,  Henry  F.,  1200  Broadway 
Samuel,  Ralph,  456  Fourth  Avenue 
Sanborn,  Elmer  E.,  468  Riverside  Drive 
Satterlee,  Herbert  L.,  49  Wall  Street 
Saunders,  W.  L.,  i  i  Broadway 
Sausville,  Joseph,  394  Greenwich  Street 
Savage,  Dr.  Watson  L.,  56  West  45th  Street 
Saxe,  John  Godfrey,  30  Broad  Street 
Sayer,  Henry  D.,  230  Fifth  Avenue 
Sayre,  Dr.  Reginald  H.,  14  West  48th  Street 
Scanlan,  Michael  J.,  51  Chambers  Street 
Schaap,  Michael,  1855  Seventh  Avenue 
Schaeffer,  Amos,  Municipal  Building 
Schauffler,  Henry  P.,  44  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 
Schermerhorn,  N.  E.,  120  Broadway 
ScHEUER,  Arnold  L.,  37  Wall  Street 
Schieffelin,  William  Jay,  170  William  Street 
Schiff,  Mortimer  L.,  52  William  Street 
Schirmer,  Rudolph  E.,  3  East  43d  Street 
ScHLEMMER,  A.  W.,  Bronx  Borough  Hall 
Schlesinger,  Leo,  64  Woo^rer  Street 
Schneidenbach,  Dr.  A.  J'Tji  East  78th  Street 
Schneider,  Bart  I.,  157  Nevins  Street,  Brooklyn 
Schneider,  Henry,  542  Fifth  Avenue 
Schneider,  Samson  A.,  22  West  32d  Street 
Schneider,  Samuel  R.,  165  Broadway 
Schoen,  William  P.,  115  Broadway 

1:311: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


ScHOLz,  Emil  M.,  20  Vesey  Street 

Schramm,  Harry,  231  Bowery 

ScHULMAN,  Rev.  Samuel,  55  East  gid  Street 

ScHULTHEis,  Anton,  316  19th  Street,  College  Point,  L.  I. 

Schwab,  Abraham,  120  Broadway 

Schwab,  Charles  M.,  i  i  i  Broadway 

Schwartz,  S.  I.,  347  Fifth  Avenue 

ScHWARZ,  Arthur  A.,  952  Third  Avenue 

Schwarzler,  August  P.,  1662  Boston  Road 

ScoFiELD,  George  S.,  233  Broadway 

Scott,  Francis  M.,  46  Cedar  Street 

Scott,  Robert,  354  Fourth  Avenue 

Scott,  Walter,  495  Broadway 

ScRiBNER,  Arthur  H.,  397  Fifth  Avenue 

Scribner,  Charles,  597  Fifth  Avenue 

Scully,  P.  J.,  Municipal  Building 

Searing,  F.  F.,  369  Park  Avenue,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Seavey,  James  Arthur,  130  West  93d  Street 

Sedgwick,  Henry  Renwick,  107  East  37th  Street 

Seeligmann,  Dr.  Gustav,  53  East  72d  Street 

Seesselberg,  Henry  A.,  71  Broadway 

Seligman,  Henry,  i  William  Street 

Semple,  Lorenzo,  2  Rector  Street 

Sexton,  Robert  H.,  347  Madison  Avenue 

Shanks,  Major-General  David  C,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Shaw,  Albert  J.,  18  East  41st  Street 

Shaw,  Dr.  Richard  E.,  Henry  and  Pacific  Streets,  B'klyn 

Shearn,  Hon.  Clarence  J.,  308  West  78th  Street 

Sheffield,  James  R.,  52  William  Street 

Sheldon,  James  C,  170  Broadway 

Shepard,  Finley  J.,  120  Broadway 

Sheridan,  Andrew,  263  Third  Avenue 

Sherrill,  Adj.-General  C.  H.,  20  East  65th  Street 

Shevlin,  John  J.,  1 10  West  34th  Street 

Shipway,  John  H.,  ioi  Park  Avenue 

Sholes,  Albert  E.,  70  Broadway,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Shonnard,  H.  S.,  120  Broadway 

Shonts,  Theodore  P.,  165  Broadway 

Shubert,  Lee,  225  West  44th  Street 

Shufro,  Jacob  J.,  1391  Stebbins  Avenue 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Shulhof,  Otto  B.,  105  Madison  Avenue 

Shumway,  C.  S.,  1029  East  163d  Street 

Shuster,  W.  Morgan,  353  Fourth  Avenue 

SiCHER,  Dudley  D.,  49  West  21st  Street 

SiCHER,  Samuel  A.,  49  West  21st  Street 

SiEGEL,  Hon.  Isaac,  395  Broadway 

Siegeltuch,  Isidore,  233  Broadway 

SiGEL,  Franz,  1918  Arthur  Avenue 

SiLBERSTEiN,  Emanuel  I.,  6i  Park  Row 

SiLZ,  August,  414  West  14th  Street 

Simmons,  Maurice,  198  Broadway 

Simon,  Robert  E.,  30  East  42d  Street 

Simonson,  Charles  E.,  West  New  Brighton,  S.  I. 

Simonson,  C.  Earl,  1031  Post  Ave.,  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. 

Sinclair,  H.  F.,  120  Broadway 

Singhi,  H.  U.,  I  East  Fordham  Road 

SiNNOTT,  Hon.  Philip  J.,  115  Broadway 

SiNRAM,  George  F.,  5th  Street  and  East  River 

Slayton,  E.,  405  East  Tremont  Avenue 

Sleicher,  John  A.,  225  Fifth  Avenue 

Sloane,  John,  829  Park  Avenue 

Smith,  Alfred  E.,  City  Hall 

Smith,  A.  H.,  Grand  Central  Terminal 

Smith,  Col.  C.  W.,  357  Sumner  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Smith,  Clement  H.,  460  East  Tremont  Avenue 

Smith,  Frank  W.,  32  Franklin  Street 

Smith,  Howard  C,  45  Wall  Street 

Smith,  Very  Rev.  Ignatius,  41 1  East  68th  Street 

Smith,  John  Francis,  445  West  50th  Street 

Smith,  Dr.  J.  Gardner,  21  West  i22d  Street 

Smith,  Ormond  G.,  Seventh  Avenue  and  1 5th  Street 

Smith,  Thomas  F.,  880  West  End  Avenue 

Smyth,  Herbert  C,  i  5  Wall  Street 

Snare,  Frederick,  233  Broadway 

Snedeker,  Charles  LeB.,  2  Maiden  Lane 

Sneudaira,  M.  J.,  309  Broadway 

Snow,  Charles  H.,  University  Heights 

Snow,  Elbridge  G.,  56  Cedar  Street 

Snyder,  Alex.  C,  Irving  Trust  Co.,  Flatbush  Ave.,  B'klyn 
Sohmer,  Hon.  William,  37  Liberty  Street 

1:313: 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


SoLARi,  LuiGi,  6  Wall  Street 

SoMERS,  Arthur  S.,  500  Park  Avenue 

SoNDERN,  Dr.  Frederic  E.,  20  West  55th  Street 

SoNDHEiM,  Phineas,  236  West  70th  Street 

Spalding,  Charles  D.,  Union  League  Club 

Sparkman,  J.  D.,  2  West  45th  Street 

Spear,  Maynard  H.,  88  Main  Street,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Spellman,  Benjamin  F.,  115  Broadway 

Spellman,  James  A.,  299  Hart  Street,  Brooklyn 

Spencer,  A.  H.,  10  East  58th  Street 

Spencer,  Major  J.  Beaumont,  10  East  58th  Street 

Sperber,  Jacob,  20  West  33d  Street 

Speyer,  James,  24-26  Pine  Street 

Spratt,  Theodore  H.,  126  Park  Ave.,  Port  Richmond,  S.  I. 

Squiers,  Arnon  L.,  34  Nassau  Street 

Staats,  Gustav  J.,  733  Lexington  Avenue 

Stabler,  Walter,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Stanchfield,  John  B.,  120  Broadway 

Stanley,  Rob't  Crooks,  67  Low  Terrace,  N.  Brighton,  S.  1. 

Stanton,  W.  A.,  iii  Broadway 

Starr,  Dr.  M.  Allen,  5  West  54th  Street 

Steel,  Dr.  George  E.,  256  West  79th  Street 

Steele,  Charles,  23  Wall  Street 

Steele,  Hiram  R.,  32  Liberty  Street 

Steers,  Hon.  Alfred  E.,  495  Gates  Avenue,  Brooklyn 

Steers,  Henry,  17  Battery  Place 

Steigleder,  George  A.,  World  Building 

Stein,  Morton,  63  Wall  Street 

Steinbrink,  Meier,  215  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 

Steiner,  Henry,  257  West  17th  Street 

Steinhardt,  Joseph  H.,  ioi  Park  Place 

Steinmetz,  John  A.,  1005  East  i8oth  Street 

Steinway,  Theodore  E.,  107  East  14th  Street 

Stella,  Dr.  Antonio,  214  East  i6th  Street 

Stephens,  Olin  J.,  138th  Street  and  Mott  Haven  Canal 

Sterling,  G.  W.,  Pier  19,  North  River 

Sterling,  Louis  V.,  115  Broadway 

Stern,  Henry,  320  Broadway 

Stern,  Louis,  41  West  42d  Street 

Stern,  Maximilian,  165  Front  Street 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Stern,  M.  Samuel,  1547  Broadway 

Sterry,  Fred.,  Hotel  Plaza 

Stetson,  Francis  Lynde,  15  Broad  Street 

Steurer,  Charles  D.,  i4C)th  Street  and  Bergen  Avenue 

Stevens,  Joseph  E.,  17  Battery  Place 

Stevenson,  Archibald  Ewing,  20  Nassau  Street 

Stevenson,  Harry,  16  East  33d  Street 

Stewart,  A.  M.,  30  Church  Street 

Stewart,  Dr.  George  D.-wid,  417  Park  Avenue 

Stewart,  Lispenard,  31  Nassau  Street 

Stewart,  Louis,  5  West  34th  Street 

Stiefel,  Jacob,  Tribune  Building 

Stillwell,  Lewis  B.,  100  Broadway 

Stodd.\rd,  Francis  R.,  Jr.,  165  Broadway 

Stoddard,  Henry  L.,  25  City  Hall  Place 

Stokes,  William  A.,  50  Howard  Street 

Stone,  L  F.,  244  Madison  Avenue 

Stone,  Medad  E.,  75  Murray  Street 

Stonebridge,  George  E.,  4143  Park  Avenue 

Storm,  Frederic,  Bayside,  L.  \. 

Story,  Elmer  G.,  Woolworth  Building 

Strasbourger,  Samuel,  74  Broadway 

Strasser,  Dr.  C.  Eugene,  Classon  &  St.  Mark's  Av.,  B'klyn 

Straus,  Jesse  Isidor,  Herald  Square 

Straus,  Oscar  S.,  120  Broadway 

Straus,  Percy  S.,  Herald  Square 

Straus,  S..W.,  150  Broadway 

Strauss,  Dr.  Israel,  i  16  West  ^gth  Street 

Strong,  Hon.  Benjamin,  Federal  Reserve  Bank 

Stroock,  M.  J.,  141  Broadway 

Sturgis,  F.  K.,  36  Broad  Street 

Sullivan,  Andrew  P.,  215  Montague  Street,  Brooklyn 
Sullivan,  Florence  J.,  27  Cedar  Street 
Sullivan,  Francis  J.,  120  Broadway 
Sullivan,  Harry  S.,  Borough  Hall,  Brooklyn 
Sullivan,  Matthew  J.,  109  Cliff  Street 
Sulzberger,  Myron,  38  Park  Row 
SuTPHEN,  Henry  R.,  5  Nassau  Street 
SuTRO,  Lionel,  2  West  45th  Street 

1:3153 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Sweeney,  George  W.,  The  Ansonia 

Sweeny,  Robert,  52  Broadway 

SwiTZER,  Maurice,  57th  Street  and  Seventh  Avenue 

T 

Tack,  Augustus  V.,  7  West  43d  Street 

Taft,  Henry  W.,  40  Wall  Street 

Talbot,  Richmond,  52  William  Street 

Tams,  J.  Fredk.,  52  Pine  Street 

Tanner,  Frederick  C,  i  Madison  Avenue 

Tarbell,  Gage  E.,  320  Fifth  Avenue 

Taylor,  Franklin,  233  Broadway 

Taylor,  Ronald,  520  East  20th  Street 

Taylor,  Walter  F.,  54  Wall  Street 

Taylor,  William  E.,  120  Broadway 

Tenney,  C.  H.,  8  Washington  Place 

Theophilatos,  D.  J.,  17  State  Street 

Thomas,  Charles  G.  M.,  130  East  15th  Street 

Thompson,  J.  D.,  43  West  27th  Street 

Thompson,  Dr.  W.  Gilman,  61  West  49th  Street 

Thorley,  Charles,  562  Fifth  Avenue 

Thorne,  John  G.,  124  East  28th  Street 

Thorne,  W.  V.  S.,  19  Cedar  Street 

Tiernan,  J.  Harry,  Borough  Hall,  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

TiERNEY,  Hon.  John  M.,  Supreme  Court,  Chambers  Street 

Tilford,  Frank,  225  Fifth  Avenue 

TiMONEY,  Bernard  W.,  276  Jackson  Avenue,  L.  I.  C. 

To'cH,  Henry  M.,  320  Fifth  Avenue 

Tompkins,  Leslie  J.,  27  Cedar  Street 

Tompkins,  Roswell  D.,  154  East  54th  Street 

Towle,  Felix  S.,  332  Broadway 

TowNE,  Charles  H.,  25  West  44th  Street 

TowNE,  Henry  R.,  9  East  40th  Street 

TowNSEND,  Howard,  27  Cedar  Street 

TowsoN,  Charles  R.,  347  Madison  Avenue 

Tracy,  John,  i  Broadway 

Tracy,  Michael,  i  Broadway 

Tracy,  Patrick  J.,  Arthur  and  Tremont  Avenues 

Traitel,  Benj.  D.,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

i:3'6n 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Treadwell,  Col.  H.  H.,  401  Fifth  Avenue 
Trenholm,  Frank,  141  Broadway 
Tribus,  Louis  L.,  15  Park  Row 
Trier,  Ralph,  108  Wooster  Street 
Triest,  W.  G.,  8  West  40th  Street 
Triller,  Charles,  36  Hudson  Street 
Trotta,  D.  a.,  391  East  149th  Street 
Truesdell,  W.  E.,  5  Beekman  Street 
TuiMBRiDGE,  William,  51  Clark  Street,  Brooklyn 
Tuttle,  Fred  B.,  522  East  20th  Street 
TwiTCHELL,  H.  K.,  270  Broadway 
Tyler,  Frank  H.,  1183  Fulton  Street,  Brooklyn 

U 

Ullman,  Percival  G.,  Jr.,  29  Broadway 
Underhill,  C.  B.,  590  West  i72d  Street 
Unterberg,  Israel,  86  Franklin  Street 
Untermyer,  Samuel,  120  Broadway 

V 

Vail,  Theodore  N.,  195  Broadway 

Van  Brunt,  J.  R.,  80  Lafayette  Street 

Vance,  Arthur  T.,  214  West  39th  Street 

Van  Cleve,  George  B.,  1790  Broadway 

Van  Clief,  William  S.,  Port  Richmond,  N.  Y. 

Van  Dernoot,  Emanuel,  5 1  Chambers  Street 

Van  de  Water,  Rev.  George  R.,  7  West  i22d  Street 

Van  Doren,  Louis  O.,  31  Nassau  Street 

Vanecek,  S.  J.,  496  East  163d  Street 

Van  Kirk,  J.  Philip,  370  East  149th  Street 

Van  Name,  Hon.  Calvin  D.,  Borough  Hall,  St.  George,  S.  I. 

Van  Sinderen,  Howard,  44  Wall  Street 

Van  Steenbergh,  W.  H.,  10  Wall  Street 

Vatable,  Auguste  S.,  340  Madison  Avenue 

Verdery,  Marion  J.,  10  Broad  Street 

Vernon,  Paul  E.,  22  Reade  Street 

Villepigue,  James,  200  West  58th  Street 

Vlasto,  Right  Hon.  Solon  Stylien  L,  113  West  31st  Street 

Vogel,  Edwin  C,  hi  Broadway 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


W 

Wachtel,  J.,  855  East  163d  Street 

Wack,  George,  1029  East  163d  Street 

Wainwright,  James  H.,  42  Broadway 

Walbridge,  Henry  D.,  14  Wall  Street 

Walden,  E.  B.,  17  Battery  Place 

Walker,  H.  B.,  Pier  25,  North  River 

Walker,  J.  Bernard,  233  Broadway 

Wall,  Very  Rev.  F.  H.,  21  i  West  141st  Street 

Wallace,  John  Findley,  37  Wall  Street 

Wallach,  Samuel,  1201  Broadway 

Wallis,  Frederick  A.,  in  Broadway 

Walsh,  Frank  P.,  2146  Woolworth  Building 

Walter,  Martin,  505  Tremont  Avenue 

Walters,  John,  30  East  42d  Street 

Wanamaker,  Rodman,  524  Fifth  Avenue 

Warburg,  Felix  M.,  52  William  Street 

Ward,  George  S.,  Southern  Boulevard  and  143d  Street 

Ward,  J.  G.,  85  Liberty  Street 

Ward,  Theodore  H.,  17  Battery  Place 

Warren,  Lloyd,  16  East  47th  Street 

Watkins,  C.  C.,  Jr.,  131  East  23d  Street 

Watriss,  Frederick  N.,  32  Nassau  Street 

Watson,  Archibald  R.,  165  Broadway 

Webber,  Richard,  120th  Street  and  Third  Avenue 

Webster,  Richardson,  Hall  of  Records,  Brooklyn 

Wedemeyer,  Hon.  Arnold  J.  B.,  Stapleton,  S.  L 

Weier,  John  E.,  Richmond  Hill,  N.  Y. 

Weil,  David  L.,  35  Nassau  Street 

Weil,  Jacob,  269  Canal  Street 

Weil,  Samuel,  194  Franklin  Street 

Weinberg,  Morris,  183  East  Broadway 

Weingarten,  Melville  D.,  47  West  34th  Street 

Weinstock,  Leon  C.,  155  East  22d  Street 

Weisker,  B.  H.,  165  Broadway 

Weiss,  Jacob,  48  Mangin  Street 

Wells,  W.  F.,  360  Pearl  Street,  Brooklyn 

Welsh,  William  J.,  691  Bay  Street,  Tompkinsville,  S.  I. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  GENERAL  COMMITTEE 


Wemple,  William  Y.,  8o  Maiden  Lane 

W'endt,  Alfred,  315  Fourth  Avenue 

Werner,  Dr.  Louis  H.,  199^^  East  58th  Street 

Wertheim,  Sanders  A.,  30th  Street  and  East  River 

West,  Henry  L.,  19  West  44th  Street 

West,  James  E.,  200  Fifth  Avenue 

Westergren,  M.  F.,  213  East  144th  Street 

Wexler,  Sol,  42  Broadway 

Whalen,  Robert  T.,  219  Grand  Street,  Brooklyn 

Wheeler,  Edward  J.,  63  West  36th  Street 

Wheeler,  Howard,  223  Spring  Street 

Wheeler,  Dr.  Schuyler  Skaats,  30  Church  Street 

Whelan,  John  F.,  141  East  46th  Street 

Whigman,  H.  J.,  432  Fourth  Avenue 

White,  Alfred  T.,  14  Wall  Street 

White,  J.  G.,  43  Exchange  Place 

White,  John  J.,  2575  Broadway 

White,  Martin  J.,  2  Rector  Street 

Wiernik,  Peter,  77  Bowery 

WiGGiN,  Albert  H.,  57  Broadway 

Wilbur,  John  A.,  290  Lenox  Avenue 

Wiley,  Louis,  The  New  York  Times,  Times  Square 

Wilkes,  Daniel  W.,  46-50  Court  Street,  Brooklyn 

Wilkes,  William  D.,  145  Lafayette  Street 

Wilkin,  Justice  Robert,  Children's  Court,  Brooklyn 

WiLLcox,  William  G.,  3  South  William  Street 

Willcox,  William  R.,  165  Broadway 

Williams,  Arthur,  Irving  Place  and  15th  Street 

Williams,  B.,  173  Main  Street,  Tottenville,  S.  L 

Williams,  Harold,  107  West  46th  Street 

Williams,  Stephen  G.,  30  Broad  Street 

Williams,  Prof.  Talcott,  i  i6th  Street  and  Broadway 

Williams,  Thomas,  Eleventh  Avenue,  Corner  25th  Street 

Willis,  Walter  I.,  Bridge  Plaza,  L.  I.  City 

WiLMOT,  Frederick  H.,  169  West  231st  Street 

WiLSEY,  Frank  D.,  69  West  Street 

Wilson,  Bishop  Luther  B.,  150  Fifth  Avenue 

Wineburgh,  Henry,  527  Fifth  Avenue 

Winthrop,  Bronson,  32  Liberty  Street 

WiNTHROP,  Egerton  L.,  Jr.,  32  Liberty  Street 

1:3193 


THE  MAYOR'S  COMMITTEE  ON  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


WiNTHROP,  Col.  Henry  Rodgers,  15  Wall  Street 

Wise,  Edward,  44  West  i8th  Street 

Wise,  Henry  A.,  15  William  Street 

Wise,  Rabbi  Stephen  S.,  23  West  90th  Street 

WiTTEMANN,  Harold  E.,  1440  54th  Street,  Brooklyn 

WoLBARST,  Dr.  Abraham  L.,  113  East  19th  Street 

Wolfe,  Lee  J.,  165  Broadway 

WoLFSON,  Leo,  299  Broadway 

WoLLMAN,  B.  P.,  20  Broad  Street 

Wood,  Arthur  E.,  41  West  125th  Street 

Wood,  Henry  A.  Wise,  25  Madison  Avenue 

Woodruff,  Walter  B.,  i  Bridge  Plaza,  Long  Island  City 

Woods,  Lt.-Col.  Arthur,  2026  R  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Woods,  Harry  T.,  386  East  5th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Woods,  William  Seaver,  354  Fourth  Avenue 

Woods,  William  S.,  106  Monroe  Street,  Brooklyn 

Woodward,  William,  i  i  Nassau  Street 

Wray,  C.  H.,  55  John  Street 

Wright,  H.  J.,  73  Dey  Street 

Wronker,  Dr.  L.  J.,  58  Second  Avenue 

Wurzbach,  F.  a.,  401  East  163d  Street,  Bronx 


Y 

Yeska,  Joseph,  725  Broadway 

York,  Frank  S.,  358  East  145th  Street 

York,  Rev.  John  C,  409  Linden  Street,  Brooklyn 

Young,  John  R.,  233  Broadway 

Young,  Owen  D.,  120  Broadway 

Young,  Richard,  36  Spruce  Street 

Young,  William,  414  West  41st  Street 

Z 

Zahn,  Henry,  Sixth  Avenue  and  loth  Street 
ZiPSER,  Dr.  Jacques  E.,  1099  Madison  Avenue 
ZuccA,  Antonio,  25  West  Broadway 
Zuckerman,  Henry,  52  Broadway 
ZuKOR,  Adolph,  485  Fifth  Avenue 
ZuNiNO,  Frank  A.,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 


INDEX 


A 

A,  B,  C  of  Taxation,  48 
Acti%-ities  of  Mayor's  Committee,  xiii 
Adjutant-General,  229 
Administrative  Bureaus,  25 
Advisory  Art  Committee,  Liberty 
Loan,  10 

Aerial  Attacks,  Protection  against,  141 

After<are  of  War  Cripples,  255 

Aid,  Free  Legal,  256 

Air  Raids,  Repulsion  of,  xv 

Americanization,  131,  264 

Americanization  Meetings,  263,  264 

Anti-Ioafing  Law,  233 

Anti-rat  Quarantine,  189 

Appeals,  War,  31 

Arbitration,  Conciliation  and,  92 

Architects,  9,  12 

Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief  Commit- 
tee, 263 

Armories,  State,  6 

Army  and  Navy  Forces,  23 

Army  and  Navy  Forces,  Committee 
on,  I 

Arrears  of  Pay  for  Forces,  255 
Art  in  War,  9 
Artists,  9 

Arts  and  Decoration,  24 
Arts  and  Decoration,  Committee  on, 
7.  137 

Associated  Cities,  Committee  on, 
15.  28 

Associated  War  Work,  22 
Associated  War  Work,  Committee  on, 
29 

Automobile  Service,  Free,  265 


B 

"Baffle  Painting,"  13 

Bands,  Free  Service  of,  266 

Bar,  War  Committee  of  the,  99 

Battle-ships,  Foreign,  82 

Block  Parties,  262 

Board  of  Aldermen,  Committee  on 

General  Welfare,  97 
British-Canadian  Recruiting  Mission, 

266 

British  Government,  9 

British  Trade  Union  Congress,  91 

Broadway  Association,  159 

Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  269 

Building  and  Construction,  25 

Building  and  Construction,  Commit- 
tee on,  39.  125 

Bureau  of  Employment,  232 

Bureau  of  Information,  236 

Bureau  of  Investigation  and  Intelli- 
gence, 3,  27,  98,  240 

Bureau  of  Publicity,  242 

Bureau  of  Transportation,  Telegraph 
and  Mails,  27,  83,  230,  248,  265 

Bureau  of  Recruiting,  247 

Bureau  of  Red  Cross  and  Civic  Aid, 
28,  254 

Bureau  of  Speakers,  148,  238 
Bureau  of  Volunteer  Service,  272 
Bureaus,  Administrative,  25 
Buses,  Sight-seeing,  268 

c 

Camouflage,  9,  13 
Camouflage,  Marine,  13 
Camouflage,  Military,  13 


C3213 


INDEX 


Campaigns,  Clean-up,  187 

Canadian  "Kilties,"  267 

Cantonments,  9 

Cartoons,  12 

Census  of  Seamen,  195 

Chambers  of  Commerce,  Junior,  72 

Charities,  Questionable,  32 

Charities,  Unification  of,  34 

Children's  Court,  97 

Cities,  Associated,  15 

Citizens'  Auxiliary  to  Fire  Depart- 
ment, 178 

Citizenship,  Plans  for  Constructive, 
134 

City  Commissions,  75 
Civic  Aid,  Red  Cross  and,  254 
Civic  Betterment,  17 
Civic  Finance,  21 
Civic  Finance,  Committee  on,  45 
Civic  Problems,  19 
Civic  Problems,  Committee  on,  53 
Civics,  School  Instruction  in,  154 
Clean-up  Campaigns,  187 
Coal  Distribution,  Problem  of,  213 
Coal,  Municipal  Purchase  of,  76 
Coaling  Facilities,  Co-ordination  of, 
198 

Columbia  War  Hospital,  267 
Commerce,  29 

Commerce,  Committee  on,  67 
Commercial  Economy  Board,  159 
Committee    on    Army    and  Navy 
Forces,  i 

Committee  on  Arts  and  Decoration, 
7.  137 

Committee  on  Associated  Cities,  15,28 
Committee  on  Civic  Finance,  45 
Committee  on  Civic  Problems,  53 
Committee  on  Commerce,  67 
Committee  on  Domestic  Supplies,  73 
Committee  on  Entertainment  and  Re- 
ception, 79 
Committee  on  Labor,  85 
Committee  on  Law,  4,  93,  229 
Committee  on  Loyalty,  101 
Committee  on  Medical  and  Surgical 

Relief,  4,  m 
Committee  on  National  Activities,  121 


Committee  on  Nationalism,  127 
Committee  on  Organized  Guard,  139 
Committee  on  Public  Instruction,  145 
Committee  on  Retail  Industries,  157, 
219 

Committee  on  Risks  and  Insurance, 
167 

Committee  on  Sanitation,  181 
Committee  on  Shipping  and  Harbor 

Defense,  191 
Committee  on  Trades  and  Manufac- 
tures, 201 
Committee  on  Transportation,  209 
Committee  on  Wholesale  Industries, 
215 

Communal  Cleanliness,  187 

Community  Councils,  55 

Community  Music,  149 

Compensation,  Government,  255 

Conciliation  and  Arbitration,  92 

Conference,  City  Hall,  64 

Congestion,  Traffic,  204 

Construction,  Building  and.  Commit- 
tee on,  39 

Convalescent  and  Wounded,  6 

Co-operation  Among  Industrial 
Classes,  91 

Co-operation,  Manufacturers'  Pledges 
of,  42 

Co-operation  with  War  Societies,  270 
Co-ordination  of  Federal  and  Munici- 
pal Authorities,  Committee  on,  200 
Co-ordination  of  War  Work,  Plan 
for,  57 

Council  of  National  Defense,  59,  236, 
261 

Court  of  Special  Sessions,  233 
Cripples,  After-care  of  War,  255 
Crusades  of  Health  Department,  118, 
185 

D 

Decentralization  of  Industries,  204 
Decoration,  Arts  and,  Committee  on, 
7.  137 

Delinquency,  Juvenile,  64 
Deliveries,  Cost  of,  163 
Deliveries,  Restriction  of,  160 


INDEX 


Departmental  Activities,  227 
Designation  Targets,  9,  12 
Destruction  of  Property  by  Draft 

Riots,  XIII 
Dock  Frontages,  New,  196 
Docks,  125,  193 

Docks,  Co-operation  with  Commis- 
sioner of,  194 

Domestic  Supplies,  19 

Domestic  Supplies,  Committee  on,  73 

Draft  Act,  264 

Draft  Boards,  273 

Draft  Bureaus,  237 

Draft,  Director  of,  269 

Draft  Evaders,  3 

Draft,  Explaining  the,  258 

Draft  Information  Bureau,  229 

Draft  Quotas,  Special,  249 

Draft  Registration  Meetings,  259 

Draft  Riots,  New  York,  xiii 

Drug  Evil  in  New  York,  116 

Drug  Evil  in  U.  S.,  27,  116 

Drug  Evil,  New  York  City,  Commit- 
tee on,  115 

E 

Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  198 
Employment,  28 
Employment  Bureau,  232 
Employment  Bureau,  U.  S.,  235 
Engineers'  Reserve  Corps,  12 
Entertainment  and  Reception,  24 
Entertainment  and  Reception,  Com- 
mittee on,  6,  79 
Entertainment  of  Soldiers  and  Sailors, 
220 

Espionage,  Laws  on,  99 
European  Cities,  Fire  Inspection,  169 
European  Cities,  Freight  and  Passen- 
ger Service  in,  70 
Europe,  Juvenile  Delinquency  in,  64 
Executive  Committee  Heads,  26 
Executive  Committee,  Thanks  to,  xvi 
Executive  Staff,  Acknowledgments  to, 

XVI 

Exhibitions,  Committee  on,  10 
Explosives,  Protection  against,  198 
Extortion,  Prevention  of,  90 


F 

Federal  and  Municipal  Authorities, 
Committee  on  Co-ordination  of,  200 

Federal  Government,  252 

Federal  Government,  Rights  of,  99 

Fifth  Avenue  Association,  159 

Finance,  Civic,  Committee  on,  45 

Finances,  226 

Fire  Department,  171 

Fire  Department,  Citizens'  Auxiliary 
to,  178 

Fire  Hazard,  War's  Effect  on,  172 

Fire  Inspection,  European  Cities,  169 

Fire  Losses,  National,  172 

Fire  Losses,  New  York  City,  169 

Fire  Prevention,  169 

Fire  Prevention  Day,  187 

Fire  Zoning,  City,  169 

Flag  Day,  103 

"Floaters,"  Industrial,  234 

Food  Administration,  U.  S.,  261 

Food  Conservation  Meetings,  261 

Food  Supplies,  Handling  and  Shipping 

of,  77 
Food  Zoning,  78 
Foreign  Born,  Protection  of,  96 
Foreign  Language  Press,  243 
Foreign  Language  Speakers,  261 
Fourth  of  July  Parade,  10,  14,  103,  129 
Free  Automobile  Service,  265 
Freight  Congestion,  175 
Fuel  Situation,  176 

G 

General  Contractors'  Association,  135 
General  Welfare,  Board  of  Aldermen, 

Committee  on,  97 
Governmental  Demands,  Centralizing 

of,  199 

Guard,  Organized,  Committee  on,  139 
Guards,  Loyalty,  104 

H 

Harbor  Defense,  Shipping  and.  Com- 
mittee on,  191 

Harbor  Facilities,  Committee  on 
Utilization  of,  200 

Harbor  Protection,  193 


INDEX 


"Have  a  Lift"  Cards,  268 
Health  Department,  118,  183 
Health  Department,  Crusades  of,  1 18, 
185 

Health  Leagues,  118 
Health  Pamphlets,  1 18 
Health  Zoning,  1 13 
Home  Service,  254 
Hospitality,  4,  220,  237 
Hospitals,  9 

Housing  and  Health,  Greater  New 
York,  190 

I 

Ice-breaking,  Harbor,  199,  211 
Immigrant,  Aiding  the,  205 
Independence  Day  Pageant-Parade, 

10,  14,  103,  129 
Industrial  Control,  Unified,  89 
Industrial  "Floaters,"  234 
Industrial  Housing,  190 
Industrial  Rehabilitation,  221,  238 
Industries,  Committee  on  Retail,  157, 

219 

Industries,  Retail,  18 
Industries,  Wholesale,  18 
Industries,  Wholesale,  Committee  on, 
215 

Industry,  Protecting,  222 
Information  Bureau,  9,  236 
Instruction,  Public,  Committee  on, 
145.  152 

Insurance  Companies,  Liability  of,  99 
Insurance,  Risks  and,  Committee  on, 
167 

Intelligence  and  Investigation,  Bureau 

of,  3,  27,  98,  240 
Investigation  and  Intelligence,  Bureau 

of,  3,  27,  98,  240 
Investigation,  Boards  of,  36 
Italian  War  Relief  Fund  of  America, 

263 

J 

Junior  Chambers  of  Commerce,  72 
Juvenile  Delinquency,  64 
Juvenile  Delinquency,  Mayor's  Proc- 
lamation on,  65 


K 

"Kilties,"  Canadian,  267 

L 

Labor,  18,  49,  206 
Labor,  After-war  Problems  of,  92 
Labor  and  Lighterage,  Committee  on, 
200 

Labor,  Committee  on,  86 
Labor  in  Politics,  91 
Labor,  Interests  of,  205 
Languages  of  New  York,  xiii 
Latin-American  Trade,  71 
Law,  18 

Law,  Committee  on,  4,  93,  229 

Laws  on  Espionage,  99 

Legal  Advisory  Board,  97 

Legal  Aid,  Free,  256 

Legal  Holidays,  Celebration  of,  136 

Legislation,  97 

Legislative  Narcotic  Drug  Committee, 
115 

Liaison  Officers,  Army  and  Navy,  xiv 
Liberty  Loan  Drives,  220,  261 
Libraries,  Commercial  Advantage  of 

Public,  153 
Life,  Loss  of,  by  Draft  Riots,  xiii 
Local  Draft  Boards,  98,  229,  259,  2C0, 

273 

Loss  of  Life  by  Draft  Riots,  xiii 
Loyalty,  17,  loi,  131 
Loyalty,  Committee  on,  loi 
Loyalty  Guards,  104 
Loyalty,  Mayor's  Proclamation  on, 
103 

Loyalty,  Organized,  109 
Loyalty  Pledge  Campaign,  104 
Loyalty  Week,  103 
Loyalty  Week  Luncheon,  105 
Loyalty  Week,  Permanent  Plan  for, 
108 

Luncheon,  Loyalty  Week,  105 

M 

"Made  in  America,"  219 
Mails,  Distribution  of,  213 
Mails,  Transportation, Telegraph  and, 
Bureau  of,  27,  83,  230,  248,  265 


1:3243 


INDEX 


Mail  Tubes,  213 
Manufactures,  18 
Manufactures,  Census  of,  204 
Manufactures,  Trades  and, Committee 
on,  201 

Manufacturing  Advantages  of  New 
York,  224 

Marginal  Railways,  199,  212 

Marine  Camouflage,  13 

Mayor,  His  Honor  the,  129 

Mayor's  Proclamations,  65,  103,  131 

Medical  and  Surgical  Relief,  23 

Medical  and  Surgical  Relief,  Commit- 
tee on,  4,  m 

Memorial,  War,  1 1 

Merchant  Marine,  251 

Metropolitan  Press,  243 

Military  Camouflage,  13 

Military  State  Census,  273 

Motor  Transport  Corps,  265 

Munition  Works,  9 


N 

National  Activities,  Committee  on,  24, 
121 

National  Anthem  Day,  131 

National  Anthem  Day,  Mayor's  Proc- 
lamation on,  131 

National  Army  Parade,  267 

National  Council  of  Defense,  59,  236, 
261 

Nationalism,  17 

Nationalism,  Committee  on,  127 
National  Sculpture  Society,  11 
Naturalization  Laws,  96 
Naval  District,  Third,  233 
Naval  Officers,  Entertainment  of,  82 
Navy  Enlistment,  253 
Navy  Forces,  Army  and.  Committee 
on,  I 

Newspaper  Day,  104 

New  York  Guard,  5 

New  York  Harbor,  Ice-breaking  Fa- 
cilities, 199,  211 

New  York  Hotel  Men's  Association, 
267 


New  York's  Leadership,  xiv 

New  York  Police  Department,  251 

Non-War  Construction,  43 

o 

Organizations,  Co-operation  with,  270 
Organization  of  the  Mayor's  Commit- 
tee, XIII 
Organized  Guard,  23 
Organized  Guard,  Committee  on,  139 
Overtime  Work  Dangers,  174 


Pageant-Parade,  Independence  Day, 

10,  14,  103,  129 
Pageantry  and  History,  Committee 

on,  136 
Painters,  9 

Painting,  "Baffle,"  13 
Parade,  Independence  Day,  10 
Pay,  Arrears  of,  255 
Piers,  New  East  River,  195 
"Pivot"  Man,  The,  248 
Plan  for  Co-ordination  of  War  Work, 
57 

Plan  of  Mayor's  Committee,  xiii 
Police  Department,  New  York,  251 
Polish  Exhibit,  129 
Population,  Diversified,  of  New  York, 

XIll 

Port  of  New  York,  Defense  of,  193 
Portuguese  Exhibit,  129 
Poster  Service,  266 
Posters,  II 

Press  Co-operation,  246 
Press,  Metropolitan,  243 
Priorities  Division,  War  Industries 

Board,  44 
Proclamation,  Mayor's,  on  Juvenile 

Delinquency,  65 
Proclamation,  Mayor's,  on  Loyalty, 
103 

Proclamation,  Mayor's,  on  National 

Anthem  Day,  131 
Property,  Destruction  of,  by  Draft 

Riots,  XIll 
Public  Health  Law,  115 

1:325: 


INDEX 


Public  Information,  Committee  on,  lo 
Public  Instruction,  22 
Public  Instruction,  Committee  on, 
145 

Publicity  Bureau,  26,  242 

Q 

Quiet,  Zones  of,  117 
Quarantine  Against  Rats,  189 

R 

Rat,  Menace  of  the,  188 
Rat,  Quarantine  Against  the,  189 
Readjustment,  After-war,  99,  165,  217 
Reception,  Entertainment  and, 

Committee  on,  79 
Recreative  Facilities,  4 
Recruiting,  12 
Recruiting  Bureau,  247 
Recruiting  for  "Tanks,"  260 
Recruiting  Mission,  British-Canadian, 

266 

Recruiting  Meetings,  260 
Red  Cross  and  Civic  Aid,  28,  254 
Red  Cross  Drives,  261 
Rehabilitation,  Industrial,  221,  238 
Retail  Dry  Goods  Association,  159 
Retail  Industries,  18 
Retail  Industries,  Committee  on,  157, 
219 

Reviewing  Stand,  1 1 
Risks  and  Insurance,  21 
Risks  and  Insurance,  Committee  on, 
167 

Risks,  Apartment  House,  177 
Russia,  Message  from,  106 

s 

Sanitation,  22 

Sanitation,  Committee  on,  181 
School  Instruction  in  Civics,  154 
Sculptors,  9,  13 
Seamen,  Census  of,  195 
Selective  Service  Law,  264 
"Send  'em  away  with  a  Smile!"  259 
Send-off  Meetings,  264 
Sermons  on  Loyalty,  105 


Service  Flag  Meetings,  262 

Seventy-first  Regiment  Armory,  267 

Shipping  Board,  U.  S.  Emergency 
Fleet  Corporation,  198 

Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense,  21 

Shipping  and  Harbor  Defense,  Com- 
mittee on,  191 

Shipping  and  Water  Front,  Commit- 
tee on  Protection  of,  200 

Shipyards,  9 

Shop  Meetings,  262,  263 

Sight-seeing  buses,  268 

Social  Welfare,  4 

Spanish  Influenza,  114 

Speakers'  Bureau,  148,  238 

Special  Committees,  Plan  of,  xiv 

Star-Spangled  Banner,  132,  148 

State  Census,  273 

Steamer  Berthings,  New,  194 

Submarine  Depredations,  Protection 
against,  xv 

Supplies,  Domestic,  19 

Surf,  Yacht,  6 

Surgical  Relief,  Medical  and,  Com- 
mittee on  4,  III 
Syrian  Exhibit,  129 

T 

"Tank,"  British,  269 
"Tanks,"  Recruiting  for,  260 
Targets,  Designation,  9 
Taxation,  47,  48 
Tax  Exemption,  Industrial,  223 
Thievery,  Suppressing  Harbor,  197 
Third  Naval  District,  253 
Trades,  18 

Trades  and  Manufactures,  Committee 

on,  201 
Trafl^ic  Congestion,  212 
Traffic  Problem,  211 
Transportation,  Committee  on,  209 
Transportation  Problems,  New  York, 

20 

Transportation  Supplied  War  Soci- 
eties, 270 

Transportation,  Telegraph  and  Mails, 
Department  of,  27,  83,  230,  248,  265 
Typists,  Volunteer,  272 


13262 


INDEX 


U 

U.  S.  Employment  Bureau,  235 
U.  S.  Food  Administration,  261 
U.   S.  Shipping   Board,  Emergency 

Fleet  Corporation,  198 
Urban  Populations,  Increase  of,  211 

V 

Volunteer  Service,  Bureau  of,  27,  272 
Volunteer  Typists,  272 

w 

War  Appeals,  31 

War  Camp  Community  Service,  270 
War  Chest,  35 
War  Choruses,  149 
War  Committee  of  the  Bar,  99 
War  Gardens,  Greater  New  York,  186 
War  Gardens'  Committee,  267 
War  Industries  Board,  41,  95,  217 
War  Memorial,  11 
War  Readjustments,  165 


War  Relief  Organizations,  Licensing 
of,  32 

War  Savings  Committee,  Co-operation 

with,  262 
War's  Effect  on  Fire  Hazard,  172 
War  Societies,  Co-operation  with,  270 
War  Work,  Co-ordination  of,  56 
Wholesale  Industries,  18 
Wholesale  Industries,  Committee  on, 

215 

"Work  or  Fight"  Order,  233 
Wounded  and  Convalescent,  6 

Y 

Yacht  Surf,  6 

z 

Zones  of  Quiet,  1 17 

Zoning,  City  Fire,  169 

Zoning,  Food,  78 

Zoning,  Health,  113 

Zoning  System  for  Industries,  164 


1327! 


